scholarly journals The effects of storage on the bacteriological quality of sachet water produced, sold and consumed within Owerri Metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Valentine N Unegbu ◽  
Ndubuisi O Nwachukwu ◽  
Emmanuel N Ugbo ◽  
Anthony C Ekennia
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Sachet Water

The sale and consumption of sachet water is common in Owerri metropolis because the consumers believed it was safer than tap or borehole water.The aim of this study was to assess the effects of storage on the bacteriological quality of  sachet water produced, sold and consumed within Owerri metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria. Fifteen sachet water brands were investigated for a period of four months. They were collected within 24 hours of production and stored at ambient temperature for four months. Samples were taken on monthly basis for enumeration of total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and indicator organisms using APHA and WHO analytical methods.  Bacteriological analysis showed that Clets brand had the highest Total heterotrophic bacterial count of 5.7X101cfu/ml, followed by Elevated and Crystal while Ricano had the least count of 3.2x101cfu/ml. Total heterotrophic bacteria and total coliform count decreased gradually in all brands throughout this period. Escherichia coli was isolated in three brands.  Results from the research indicates that 60% of the brands analyzed met the WHO guideline limit for drinking when stored at ambient temperature within eight weeks period. However, storage beyond this period led to diminished potability  of sachet water

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Public Swimming Pools in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

J ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-249
Author(s):  
Umar Farouk Mustapha ◽  
Seth Mensah Abobi ◽  
Gerard Quarcoo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Tamale Metropolis

The study focused on the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of public swimming pools in the Tamale Metropolis. Physicochemical properties such as pH, temperature, and conductivity, and bacteria counts—including total coliform, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus, and total heterotrophic bacteria—were analyzed for their conformity with required health standards. The results obtained were analyzed using Student t test and compared with World Health Organization (WHO) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards for safe recreational and drinking water. The highest and the lowest temperatures were recorded in April (32.53 °C) and February (28.16 °C), respectively. The lowest and the highest mean pH values were 4.04 and 6.13, which were below acceptable standards. The conductivity level varied from 469.1563 µS cm−1 to 928.1563 µS cm−1. While the pH did not conform to acceptable standards, temperature and conductivity were within the EPA and/or the WHO acceptable limits. The total coliform (TC) expressed in colony-forming units per 100 mL ranged from 0 to 397 (cfu/100 mL), faecal coliform (FC) 0 to196 cfu/100 mL, E. coli 0 to 52 cfu/100 mL, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 8 to 27 cfu/100 mL, and Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB) 44 to 197 (cfu/mL). TC, FC, E. coli, S. aureus, and THB counts in most of the samples complied with the bacteriological standards. However, the bacterial loads increased and exceeded the WHO and/or EPA standards as the number of bathers increased. Besides, there were positive correlations between physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, and bacterial loads. Most parameters studied met the acceptable standards of recreational water stipulated by the WHO and EPA. However, the presence of pathogenic organisms in the recreational waters at any point in time should be treated as a public health concern, and hence a call for routine monitoring and inspection of public swimming pools in the Tamale Metropolis.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Quality of Groundwater in Imiringi Town, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Enetimi Idah Seiyaboh ◽  
Felix Okponanabofa Youkparigha ◽  
Sylvester Chibueze Izah ◽  
Ikpilavi Deborah Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aeromonas Species ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Significant Difference

This study evaluated the bacteriological quality of groundwater from Imiringi in Ogbia Local government area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Groundwater samples were obtained in triplicates from four locations in the study area and analyzed for the bacteria quality using standard protocols. Results showed that the microbial density ranged from 2.97 – 6.03 x 104 cfu/ml (for total heterotrophic bacteria counts), 4.17 – 5.43 x 102 cfu/ml (for Enterobacteriaceae bacteria counts) and 0.00 – 1.48 x 102 cfu/ml (for Salmonella-Shigella counts). Statistically, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) across the various locations for each of the parameters. The density observed were higher than the allowable limit of 1.0 x 102 cfu/ml for drinking water as recommended by World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization, and maximum permissible level of 10cfu/ml for total coliform as specified by Standard Organization of Nigeria. The prevalence of bacteria isolated in the water samples were Aeromonas species (8.00%), Citrobacter species (7.50%), Escherichiacoli (20.75%), Klebsiella species (5.50%), Pseudomonas species (12.00%), Salmonella species (2.25%), Shigella species (3.25%) and Staphylococcus species (40.75%). From the bacteria density and diversity, the water is not potable. Some of the bacterial found are of public health importance. Hence, there is a need to adequately treat the water using chlorination and boiling techniques before drinking.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Evaluation of Bottled Water Commercially Available in Eastern Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rojina Rai ◽  
Bindiya Kumal ◽  
Devina Rai ◽  
Arun Keshari ◽  
Rima Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Cross Sectional

The demand for bottled water is high in these days and it has been a growing concern about the microbiological quality of such processed water. The objective of this study was to assess the heterotrophic contamination and total coliform. This cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly selected 24 different commercial brands of bottled water available in the commercial market of the eastern region of Nepal. Total coliform and heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated by the membrane filtration and spread plate technique, respectively. Among 24 water sample processed, 62.5% (n=15) samples showed the heterotrophic bacterial count above the acceptable range (<50 CFU/0.1ml) and 75% (n=18) samples showed the total coliform count crossed the WHO guidelines (0 CFU/ml) and not acceptable for drinking. E. Coli was detected in 54.2% of water samples and Enterobacters aerogenes(45.8%), Enterococcus fecalis(20.8%), Pseudomonas sps (20.8%), Bacillus species (16.6%) and Staphylococcus aereus (4.2%) were also detected from different samples. Only 25% of bottled water was acceptable for drinking purpose. The presence of heterotrophs and the coliform in the bottled water is a serious concern for public health. Concerned authority should prioritize this issue and continuously monitor the quality of available bottled water manufacturers in the eastern region to provide safe drinking water to the population.Sunsari Technical College Journal 2015, 2(1):54-57

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Some Preservative Hurdles on the Quality of Zobo Drink Stored at Ambient Temperature

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chukwu Victor Chibueze ◽  
Oyeleke Solomon Bankole ◽  
Anuonye Julian Chukwuemeka ◽  
Bala Jeremiah David
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Sensory Qualities

Aim: Comparative Effects of Some Preservative Hurdles on the Quality of Zobo Stored at Ambient Temperature were assessed. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, between June 218 and January 2019. Methodology: Fresh zobo drink samples were prepared from Hibiscus sabdariffa using modified methods of HACCP and Hurdle technology for preservation and stored on the shelf for six months. The samples were divided into seven. Analyses were carried out on monthly basis with respect to microbial quality, pH, titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C content and sensory qualities of the beverage for six months. The parameters changed significantly (p<0.05) with respect to storage period. Zero microbial count was recorded for all the samples as at the time of production. Results: The control sample deteriorated after one month, pasteurization at 75°C for 20 minutes successfully eradicated all coliforms and indicator organisms as none was isolated during the shelf study. Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus fermentum, Aspergillus niger, penicillium sp, Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from the both the control and pasteurized (Gcontrol and G2) samples were responsible for the spoilage of the beverage after one month. G3, G4 G5, G6 and G7 preserved beyond six months, without imparting negatively on the sensory qualities of the drink. They significantly (p<0.05) showed the same overall acceptability, mouthfeel, flavour, colour and taste. Conclusion: Sample G3 stored best after six months on the shelf.

scholarly journals BACTERIAL QUALITY OF RAINWATER IN SELECTED COMMUNITIES IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (63) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Okereke ◽  
K. O. Obasi ◽  
S. O. Obiekezie ◽  
R. I. Okechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Underground Tank

Many rural communities in Imo State, Eastern Nigeria do not have access to potable water. Rainwater has been a major source of water supply in these areas mainly during the rains. Bacterial quality of harvested rainwater from three communities (Umunumo, Egbema, Ihiagwa) were determined. Rainwater samples were harvested directly, from zinc roof, thatched roof and from asbestos roof, at different periods of the rains – May (beginning of rains), July (peak of rain) and October (end of rains). Stored rainwater from zinc roof in Umunumo was also examined. The bacterial count was high at the beginning of rains with rainwater collected from thatched roof in Egbema showing the highest (7.4 x 103 cfu/100ml) value. The total coliform and faecal coliform (Escherichia coli) counts ranged highest at the beginning of rains between 10 – 36 cfu/ 100ml and 1 – 5 cfu/100ml respectively. The total bacterial counts, total coliform counts and faecal coliform counts of stored rainwater were highest in samples from underground tank. Samples collected directly at the peak and end of rains in all the communities met the WHO standard for drinking water. Using a statistical model, at a = 0.05, the null hypothesis, was rejected for methods and period of collection, while location of collection was accepted, hence only period and method of collection of rainwater affected the bacterial quality.

scholarly journals Assessment of Bacteriological Quality of Sheep Carcasses, Effect Level of 2.5% Citric Acid Spray on Bacterial Contamination of Meat, and Hygiene Practices of Workers in a Selected Abattoir in Debrezeit Town, Central Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117863022110375
Author(s):  
Derebew Aynewa ◽  
Zemichael Gizaw ◽  
Aklilu Feleke Haile
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Meat safety is important for public health. As part of the meat chain abattoirs are required to give attention to meat hygiene and safety in order to minimize hazards. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the bacteriological quality of sheep carcasses, knowledge and hygienic practices of workers in a selected abattoir and to determine the effect level of 2.5% citric acid spray on total coliforms and aerobic bacteria load of raw sheep carcasses surfaces. Methods: A cross-sectional study design with structured questionnaire and observational checklists observation were used. A systematic random sampling technique was employed. A total of 50 sample swabs (25 swabs before citric acid spray and 25 after citric acid spray) were randomly taken from brisket, flank and rump of sheep’s carcasses. Swabs were moistened with buffered peptone water (BPW) and samples were taken by rubbing 100 cm2 (10 cm × 10 cm) area delineated by sterile aluminum template. In addition, we administered a structured questionnaire and an observational checklists to assess knowledge and hygienic practices of workers. Bacteriological quality of sheep carcasses were analyzed using the methods described by the US bacteriological analytical manual. Results: The mean count for aerobic bacteria of the sheep carcasses before and after citric acid spray were 7.2log10 CFU/ml and 6.4log10 CFU/ml, respectively. The test results also showed that 21 (84%) and 15 (60%) of the swab samples were positive before and after spraying citric acid, respectively. The mean counts for coliform bacterial of the sheep carcasses before and after citric acid spray were 3.5log10 CFU/ml and 2.9log10 CFU/ml, respectively. The mean total aerobic and coliform counts before and after citric acid spray were significantly different ( P < .05). Regarding the hygiene condition of workers, all the respondents reported that they always washed their hands with soap before and after entering the slaughtering room and 23 (53.5%) of the workers reported that they used hot water. Thirty-one (72.1%) of the workers reported that they do not used soap to wash hands after visiting toilet. Thirty-five (81.4%) of the production workers did not wear mouth mask while handling and distribute meat/carcass. On the other hand, all of the workers wore capes, gowns and boots at the time of the observation and only 18 (18.6%) of the production workers wore gloves at the time of the survey. Conclusion: The current study revealed that significant proportion of sheep carcasses were positive for total aerobic bacteria and total coliform. Moreover, the study also showed that spraying of sheep carcasses with 2.5% citric acid significantly reduced the total coliform and aerobic counts. However, we did not assessed how much spray results to this effect. Therefore, we recommended further studies to determine how much spray of 2.5% citric acid significantly reduce bacterial contamination of sheep carcasses. In addition, the abattoir has to follow the food hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system to minimize meat contamination during harvesting and processing. The abattoir has to also implement strict operation laws to improve hygiene conditions of the workers. In addition, the abattoir can minimize meat contamination using 2.5% citric acid as a decontaminant.

scholarly journals KUALITAS BAKTERIOLOGI AIR MINUM ISI ULANG DITINJAU DARI METODE DISINFEKSI YANG DIGUNAKAN DI KABUPATEN NGAWI

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhadi Prayitno
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Consumer Protection Act ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Reduction Percentage

Cases, concerns and complaints in public about refill drinking water,  low businessmen DAMIU are checked routinely product processed as well as the mandate of the Consumer Protection Act, Kepmerindag RI and Permenkes RI on monitoring refill drinking water background for the author to conduct research. Purpose to describe the bacteriological quality of refill drinking water in terms of disinfection method used in District Ngawi. This method is descriptive study and cluster sampling to 49 samples DAMIU in District Ngawi with the results of the method used, namely ultraviolet disinfection, ozonation and reverse  osmosis. The results bacteriological quality (total coliforms) of any disinfection method shows a different picture, which shows the method of disinfection reverse osmosis bacteriological quality with the percentage of 50.00%, followed by ozonation method of 46.15% and the latter by the ultraviolet method percentage value 44.12 %. The ability of any reduction in total coliform disinfection method shows a different picture, in which the reverse osmosis method of disinfection showed total coliform reduction percentage of 94.08%, followed by ozonation method of 91.46% and the latter by the ultraviolet method percentage value 86.09%. The conclusion willingness, support and cooperation of all stakeholders is needed to improve the supervision, guidance and inspection of the quality of refill drinking water in Ngawi. Key word : water, disinfection, coliform

scholarly journals Bacteriological quality of dry powder milk available in local markets of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Nazia Afrin ◽  
Rasheda Yasmin Shilpi
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Powder Milk ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Almost All

Milk and milk powders are very rich in several nutrients and relished by everybody throughout the world. The present study was undertaken with the aim of investigating the bacteriological quality of locally available dry powder milk in Bangladesh. A total number of eight powder milk samples were collected from Gazipur city and its surrounding areas during the period from January 2017 to February 2017. The analysis comprised of enumeration of total viable bacterial count (TVBC), isolation of bacterial isolates and identification of pathogenic bacteria. Almost all the powder milk samples showed the total aerobic heterotrophic bacterial (TAHB) level above the standard acceptable range (>104 CFU/g). Both gram positive and gram negative pathogenic bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus, pseudomonas sp. and Enterobacter sp. were isolated from studied samples through morphological and biochemical characteristics. Pseudomonas sp. were confirmed by API 20E. These results highlighted the necessity to maintain appropriate sanitary and hygienic measures at each critical point in order to safeguard consumers from food borne pathogens.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2018, 4(3): 267-273

scholarly journals The health-related microbiological quality of bottled drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R. Kassenga
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria

The consumption of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water in Tanzania has increased largely because of the deteriorating quality of tap water. It is uncertain whether these water products are safe for drinking. In this study, the microbiological quality of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was investigated. One hundred and thirty samples representing 13 brands of bottled water collected from shops, supermarkets and street vendors were analysed for total coliform and faecal coliform organisms as well as heterotrophic bacteria. These were compared with 61 samples of tap water. Heterotrophic bacteria were detected in 92% of the bottled water samples analysed. Total and faecal coliform bacteria were present in 4.6% and 3.6%, respectively, of samples analysed with a tendency for higher contamination rates in plastic-bagged drinking water. Microbiological quality of tap water was found to be worse compared with bottled water, with 49.2% and 26.2% of sampling points showing the presence of total coliform and faecal coliform organisms, respectively. The results suggest caution and vigilance to avert outbreaks of waterborne diseases from these types of drinking water.

scholarly journals BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF ICE AND ASSOCIATED SANITARY CONDITIONS IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE PREMISES IN THASALA, NAKHON SI THAMMARAT, THAILAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-256
Author(s):  
Pattida Thongkaow ◽  
Amornrat Kummuda ◽  
Sofiya Sawee ◽  
Prasert Makkaew
Keyword(s):  
Total Coliform ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Ice is widely used in food and drink establishments for refreshing drinks and food preservation. Therefore, the contamination of ice, especially microbial contamination, could be the vehicle for the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to consumers. This study aimed to determine of bacteriological quality of ice sold at food and beverage premises. The sanitary conditions of the premises were also investigated. Edible ice samples from 12 premises were collected and analyzed coliform bacteria using the multiple-tube fermentation technique. Modified food sanitation inspection form from the Bureau of Food and Water Sanitation, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, was used for inspection of food and beverage premises. It was found that all samples were positive for coliform bacteria, ranging from 140 - > 24,000 MPN/ 100 mL, which is inconsistent with the standard permission level in terms of total coliform bacteria of the Thailand office of Food and Drug Administration. Ice storage and the handwashing behaviour of food handlers were the main sanitary issues found from the sanitary conditions survey. The finding of this study urges the regulatory guidelines for monitoring ice quality and the sanitary conditions of food and beverage premises to protect the consumers’ health from the consumption of unsafe ice.

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