scholarly journals A Simple Electrostatic Device for Eliminating Tobacco Sidestream Smoke to Prevent Passive Smoking

Instruments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Matsuda ◽  
Koji Kakutani ◽  
Teruo Nonomura ◽  
Yoshihiro Takikawa ◽  
Kiyotsugu Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Corona Discharge ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Ionic Wind ◽  
Smoke Particles ◽  
Sidestream Smoke ◽  
Oppositely Charged

An electrostatic apparatus was constructed to capture tobacco sidestream smoke. This apparatus consisted of a perforated polypropylene plate with metal spikes and a grounded metal net arrayed in parallel at a defined interval. Spikes were negatively charged to positively polarize the net and an electric field was formed between the opposite charges of the spike tips and the grounded net. Discharge from the spike tips occurred, which depended on the pole distance and the voltage applied to the spikes. At lower voltages (<12.1 kV) that do not cause arc discharge from the tips, a corona discharge occurred with the generation of an ionic wind from the spiked plate to the net. This discharge increased in direct proportion to the applied voltage and relative humidity, while a larger corona discharge generated a stronger ionic wind. The ionic wind involved negative ions and the number of negative ions in the wind increased with increasing applied voltage. The optimal voltage (10 kV) generated sufficient negative ions to ionize smoke particles in the electric field, before the ionized smoke particles were successfully captured by the oppositely charged metal net. Thus, this study provides an experimental basis for the practical application of an electrostatic-based method to prevent the production of tobacco sidestream smoke that leads to passive smoking by non-smokers.

scholarly journals V. The velocity of the ions produced in gases by Röntgen rays

1901 ◽  
Vol 195 (262-273) ◽  
pp. 193-234 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Strong Electric Field ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Saturation Current ◽  
Charged Ions ◽  
Oppositely Charged ◽  
A Direct Method

The electrical conductivity which is imparted to gases by their exposure to Röntgen rays has been explained by J. J. Thomson and E. Rutherford on the hypothesis of a formation of oppositely charged carriers throughout the volume of the gas. The motion of these carriers or ions when in an electric field constitutes the observed conductivity, and the recovery of the insulating property of a gas after an exposure to the rays is due partly to the recombination of the oppositely charged ions and partly to their impact with the boundaries. An estimate of the sum of the velocities with which the positive and negative ions move in air when in a unit electric field was first obtained by J. J. Thomson and E. Rutherford, and later E. Rutherford, by the same indirect method, determined the sum of the velocities of the ions in a number of gases. This method involved the determination of the rate of recombination of the ions, the saturation current obtained through the gas by the use of a strong electric field, and the current obtained with some small non-saturating electric force. E. Rutherford also describes an experiment in which the velocities of the two ions in air were obtained separately by a direct method, and found to be approximately equal. The writer has since shown that in general the two velocities are not equal, and for those gases for which the ratio of the two velocities was determined the negative ion moved the faster in nearly all cases.

Effect of the Corona Discharge on ZnTe Film

2011 ◽  
Vol 314-316 ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Ri ◽  
Guo Rong Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Corona Discharge ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Discharge Current ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Negative Corona ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Negative Corona Discharge ◽  
Electric Field Treatment

The effect of corona electric field on the surface of Pr-doped ZnTe thin film was studied. The device which can produce the high-voltage corona electric field is developed and used. The V-A characteristics of positive and negative corona discharge between the adjacent needle plates were measured. Whether positive or negative corona discharge, the corona discharge current of the plate is increased with the applied voltage increasing; the voltage range of negative corona discharge is wider than that of the positive corona discharge, meanwhile under the same applied voltage, the negative corona discharge current is bigger, not only its curve is smooth, but also its discharge is stable. The thermal effect of electric field is small. The electric field strength is 7.0 kV•cm-1. By atomic force microscope, it is found that the size of particles becomes large and uniform, and the surface becomes rough with electric field treatment. The measurement results reveal that the average radius of particles is 108.70nm before the effect and 227.27nm after the effect. By UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, it is found that a strong optical absorption peak appears at the region of 220 - 250nm with electric field treatment. This means that the stronger light absorption peak turn out a blue shift under the effect of electric field. The phenomenon of the blue shift proves that the high-voltage corona electric field has an impact on the band gap of the film. The voltage range of the negative corona discharge is wide and stable. The thermal effect produced by the high-voltage corona electric field on the sample is very small, so usually it can be ignored. The high-voltage corona electric field can change the surface morphology of some films, makes the current density of the sample location increase in a small cross section. The negative high-voltage corona discharge should well be used to research in biophysics such as the transgenic plants. High-voltage corona discharge mutagenesis has become a new physical mutation technique. Introduction

scholarly journals 3D Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer of a Heated Plate under the Electric Field Generated by a Needle Electrode

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfei Zhang ◽  
Chu Zhao ◽  
Hongyan Li ◽  
Wenquan Tao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Heated Plate ◽  
Ionic Wind ◽  
Convection Heat ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient

A three-dimensional numerical model that couples the electric field, velocity field, and temperature field is developed based on the commercial code COMSOL Multiphysics. The influences of several factors on convective heat transfer on a heated plate in the electric field generated by a needle electrode are observed. The factors are the applied voltage, the distance between the two electrodes, and the size of the ground plate. The results show that applied voltage is one of the most important factors for the convection heat transfer. The convection heat transfer efficiency significantly increases with the improvement of the applied voltage. From the perspective of the model size, the decrease of the distance between two electrodes and the size of the plate could improve the average convection heat transfer coefficient. Smaller ionic wind device needs lower applied voltage and less electric energy to obtain the same average convection heat transfer coefficient as the bigger one, which provides the theoretical basis for the potential of miniaturizing the ionic wind cooling device.

scholarly journals Measurements of Corona Discharge in Sharp –to-Plane Electrodes Configuration

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Hassan J. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Corona Discharge ◽  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Physical Process ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Dc Current ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Spark Breakdown

A Dc positive sharp- to –plane Corona phenomena  have been studied in electronegative gases (air ,and SF6 ) for pressure up to (3.2bar and gap length from 0.1 to 0.5 cm), with high degree of non-uniformity electric field. The corona –breakdown phases can exhibit anomalous characteristics. The exact physical process of such phenomena is not yet fully understood complete. To better understand this process precise knowledge about corona and spark discharge is necessary. Hence the dependency of corona inception and spark breakdown voltage on the pressure, non-uniformity field factor  and the type of applied voltage ,also the type of materials. The steady  region of corona discharge is observed in the ( sharp- to- plane ), for applied voltage between the threshold value voltage and onset value , we observe an effect that attaching gases. A Townsend type of discharge develops in the region close to point. At voltages above the onset value , the burst pulses are replaced by a Dc current ,and in some cases 'pre-breakdown ' streamer are also observed.

Numerical Simulation of Leakage Current on Conductive Insulator Surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9487-9492
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Method Of Lines ◽  
Electron Attachment ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Conduction Current ◽  
Insulator Surface ◽  
Finite Difference Approximations ◽  
Positive Ions

The outdoor insulator is commonly exposed to environmental pollution. The presence of water like raindrops and dew on the contaminant surface can lead to surface degradation due to leakage current. However, the physical process of this phenomenon is not well understood. Hence, in this study we develop a mathematical model of leakage current on the outdoor insulator surface using the Nernst Planck theory which accounts for the charge transport between the electrodes (negative and positive electrode) and charge generation mechanism. Meanwhile the electric field obeys Poisson’s equation. Method of Lines technique is used to solve the model numerically in which it converts the PDE into a system of ODEs by Finite Difference Approximations. The numerical simulation compares reasonably well with the experimental conduction current. The findings from the simulation shows that the conduction current is affected by the electric field distribution and charge concentration. The rise of the conduction current is due to the distribution of positive ion while the dominancy of electron attachment with neutral molecule and recombination with positive ions has caused a significant reduction of electron and increment of negative ions.

scholarly journals Selective Arcing Electrostatically Eradicates Rice Weevils in Rice Grains

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Koji Kakutani ◽  
Yoshihiro Takikawa ◽  
Yoshinori Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Voltage Generator ◽  
Metal Plates

We developed an arc discharge exposer (ADE) that kills rice weevils nesting in dried rice. The ADE features multiple identical metal plates, half of these are linked to a voltage generator and the others are grounded. The plates were arrayed in parallel and an electric field formed between them. Any insect entering the field was arced from the negatively charged plate and killed. The ADE was placed on a vessel containing pest-infested rice grains; the insects were lured out of the grains by mechanically vibrating the vessel. When rice grains move, insects tend to climb upward, thus, the weevils were effectively removed. Our electrostatic apparatus is easy to construct and could be used to control pests in stored rice.

Uncatalyzed N-Alkylation of Amines in Ionic Wind from Ambient Corona Discharge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suji Lee ◽  
Dmytro S. Kulyk ◽  
Nicholas Marano ◽  
Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah
Keyword(s):  
Corona Discharge ◽  
Ionic Wind

Electrohydrodynamic Gas Pump in a Vertical Tube

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Brown ◽  
F. C. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Vertical Tube ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Flow Profile ◽  
Ionic Wind ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Ground Plate ◽  
Exposed Surface Area

The characteristics of an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) gas pump were experimentally evaluated in this study. Experiments were conducted using positive DC voltage (13.0 kV – 30.0 kV), applied to a thin corona wire of diameter 0.51 mm. The ground plate used in the study was mounted on the inner surface of a cylinder and had a width of 12.7 mm and a total exposed surface area of 1.52 × 10−3 m2. The pumps tested were identical except for their spacing between the emitting electrode and the ground plate, which varied from 0.66D to 1.33D. The results show that the current on the ground plate increases as the applied voltage increases. It is also observed that the applied voltage at which flow was first detected in the cylinder correlates well with the electrode spacing. It appears that the four electrodes placed along the surface of the pipe were able to disturb the boundary layer enough to create a uniform flow profile within the pipe. As a result, flow as high as 2.5 m/s was observed in the cylinder with an electrode spacing of L/D = 1.33. The results also show that the ionic wind velocity increases with an increasing EHD Reynolds number for L/D = 0.66 and 1.0, but decreases with the EHD Reynolds number for L/D &gt; 1.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic analysis of high electric field enhanced ionization in laser filaments in air for corona guiding

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxia Wei ◽  
Yaoxiang Liu ◽  
Tie-Jun Wang ◽  
Na Chen ◽  
Jingjing Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Corona Discharge ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Spectroscopic Measurement ◽  
High Electric Field

We report on a systematic experimental study on the fluorescence spectra produced from a femtosecond laser filament in air under a high electric field. The electric field alone was strong enough to create corona discharge (CD). Fluorescence spectra from neutral and ionic air molecules were measured and compared with pure high-voltage CD and pure laser filamentation (FIL). Among them, high electric field assisted laser FIL produced nitrogen fluorescence more efficiently than either pure CD or pure FIL processes. The nonlinear enhancement of fluorescence from the interaction of the laser filament and corona discharging electric field resulted in a more efficient ionization along the laser filament zone, which was confirmed by the spectroscopic measurement of both ionization-induced fluorescence and plasma-scattered 800 nm laser pulses. This is believed to be the key precursor process for filament-guided discharge.

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