scholarly journals Asymptomatic Host Plant Infection by the Widespread Pathogen Botrytis cinerea Alters the Life Histories, Behaviors, and Interactions of an Aphid and Its Natural Enemies

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhayati Ngah ◽  
Rebecca Thomas ◽  
Michael Shaw ◽  
Mark Fellowes
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Plant Infection

scholarly journals Large-scale transcriptomics to dissect 2 years of the life of a fungal phytopathogen interacting with its host plant

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise J. Gay ◽  
Jessica L. Soyer ◽  
Nicolas Lapalu ◽  
Juliette Linglin ◽  
Isabelle Fudal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Niche Adaptation ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Fungal Genes

Abstract Background The fungus Leptosphaeria maculans has an exceptionally long and complex relationship with its host plant, Brassica napus, during which it switches between different lifestyles, including asymptomatic, biotrophic, necrotrophic, and saprotrophic stages. The fungus is also exemplary of “two-speed” genome organisms in the genome of which gene-rich and repeat-rich regions alternate. Except for a few stages of plant infection under controlled conditions, nothing is known about the genes mobilized by the fungus throughout its life cycle, which may last several years in the field. Results We performed RNA-seq on samples corresponding to all stages of the interaction of L. maculans with its host plant, either alive or dead (stem residues after harvest) in controlled conditions or in field experiments under natural inoculum pressure, over periods of time ranging from a few days to months or years. A total of 102 biological samples corresponding to 37 sets of conditions were analyzed. We show here that about 9% of the genes of this fungus are highly expressed during its interactions with its host plant. These genes are distributed into eight well-defined expression clusters, corresponding to specific infection lifestyles or to tissue-specific genes. All expression clusters are enriched in effector genes, and one cluster is specific to the saprophytic lifestyle on plant residues. One cluster, including genes known to be involved in the first phase of asymptomatic fungal growth in leaves, is re-used at each asymptomatic growth stage, regardless of the type of organ infected. The expression of the genes of this cluster is repeatedly turned on and off during infection. Whatever their expression profile, the genes of these clusters are enriched in heterochromatin regions associated with H3K9me3 or H3K27me3 repressive marks. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that part of the fungal genes involved in niche adaptation is located in heterochromatic regions of the genome, conferring an extreme plasticity of expression. Conclusion This work opens up new avenues for plant disease control, by identifying stage-specific effectors that could be used as targets for the identification of novel durable disease resistance genes, or for the in-depth analysis of chromatin remodeling during plant infection, which could be manipulated to interfere with the global expression of effector genes at crucial stages of plant infection.

scholarly journals A Botrytis cinerea KLP-7 Kinesin acts as a Virulence Determinant during Plant Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamil Tayal ◽  
Sumit Raj ◽  
Esha Sharma ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Vikram Dayaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Virulence Determinant ◽  
Plant Infection

Bioenergy Crops and Natural Enemies: Host Plant-Mediated Effects of Miscanthus on the Aphid Parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1275-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Doury ◽  
J. Pottier ◽  
A. Ameline ◽  
A. Mennerat ◽  
F. Dubois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Lysiphlebus Testaceipes ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Mediated Effects

Description of immature stages of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with comments on natural history (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3423 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGIO ANTONIO VANIN ◽  
DANIELA DE CASSIA BENÁ ◽  
FABIANO FABIAN ALBERTONI
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Defensive Behaviors ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Immatures of the Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) (Curculionidae; Hyperinae; Cepurini) are described, illustrated and compared with available descriptions of larvae and pupae of Hyperini. Immatures and adults from midwest (Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul; Pirenópolis, Goiás) and southeast Brazil (Bauru, São Paulo) were found on leaves of the host plant, Pachira aquatica Aubl. ( Malvaceae, formerly Bombacaceae), a tree used as an ornamental plant in many Brazilian frost-free cities. Larvae of P. schuppeli are exophytic, brightly colored, eruciform and possess abdominal ambulatory ampullae, resembling larvae of Lepidoptera. Mature larvae can spin globular lattice-like cocoons where pupation takes place. Data in the field and under laboratory conditions confirmed previously published biological observations on P. schuppeli. Additional information about defensive behaviors, process of cocoon construction and natural enemies, such as the larval predator Supputius cinticeps (Stål, 1860) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the prepupal and pupal parasitoid Jaliscoa nudipennis Bouček, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), are reported.

scholarly journals The Xylanase Inhibitor TAXI-I Increases Plant Resistance to Botrytis cinerea by Inhibiting the BcXyn11a Xylanase Necrotizing Activity

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Silvio Tundo ◽  
Maria Chiara Paccanaro ◽  
Ibrahim Elmaghraby ◽  
Ilaria Moscetti ◽  
Renato D’Ovidio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Targeted Deletion ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Xylanase Inhibitor ◽  
Main Component

During host plant infection, pathogens produce a wide array of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) to break the plant cell wall. Among CWDEs, xylanases are key enzymes in the degradation of xylan, the main component of hemicellulose. Targeted deletion experiments support the direct involvement of the xylanase BcXyn11a in the pathogenesis of Botrytis cinerea. Since the Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor-I (TAXI-I) has been shown to inhibit BcXyn11a, we verified if TAXI-I could be exploited to counteract B. cinerea infections. With this aim, we first produced Nicotiana tabacum plants transiently expressing TAXI-I, observing increased resistance to B. cinerea. Subsequently, we transformed Arabidopsis thaliana to express TAXI-I constitutively, and we obtained three transgenic lines exhibiting a variable amount of TAXI-I. The line with the higher level of TAXI-I showed increased resistance to B. cinerea and the absence of necrotic lesions when infiltrated with BcXyn11a. Finally, in a droplet application experiment on wild-type Arabidopsis leaves, TAXI-I prevented the necrotizing activity of BcXyn11a. These results would confirm that the contribution of BcXyn11a to virulence is due to its necrotizing rather than enzymatic activity. In conclusion, our experiments highlight the ability of the TAXI-I xylanase inhibitor to counteract B. cinerea infection presumably by preventing the necrotizing activity of BcXyn11a.

scholarly journals Effects of Citrus Overwintering Predators, Host Plant Phenology and Environmental Variables on Aphid Infestation Dynamics in Clementine Citrus

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1587-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pedro Raul Bouvet ◽  
Alberto Urbaneja ◽  
César Monzó
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Plant Phenology ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Aphid Infestation

Abstract The Spirea citrus aphid, Aphis spiraecola Patch, and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), are key pests of clementine mandarines in the Mediterranean basin. Severity of aphid infestations is determined by environmental variables, host plant phenology patterns, and the biological control exerted by their associated natural enemies. However, there is no information about the role these limiting and regulating factors play. Aphid densities, citrus phenology, and associated predators that overwinter in the crop were monitored weekly throughout two flush growth periods (February to July) in four clementine mandarin groves; relationships between these parameters and environmental variables (temperature and precipitation) were studied. Our results show exponential increase in aphid infestation levels to coincide with citrus phenological stages B3 and B4; shoots offer more space and nutritional resources for colony growth at these stages. Duration of these phenological stages, which was mediated by mean temperature, seems to importantly determine the severity of aphid infestations in the groves. Among those studied, the micro-coccinellids, mostly Scymnus species, were the only group of predators with the ability to efficiently regulate aphid populations. These natural enemies had the highest temporal and spatial demographic stability. Aphid regulation success was only achieved through early presence of natural enemies in the grove, at the aphid colonization phase. Our results suggest that conservation strategies aimed at preserving and enhancing Scymnus sp. populations may make an important contribution to the future success of the biological control of these key citrus pests.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document