scholarly journals Sublethal Effects in Pest Management: A Surrogate Species Perspective on Fruit Fly Control

Insects ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
John Banks ◽  
Roger Vargas ◽  
Azmy Ackleh ◽  
John Stark
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Surrogate Species ◽  
Fly Control

Effect of Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) on food consumption and mortality in the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Alberto Toledo-Hernández ◽  
Jorge Toledo ◽  
Daniel Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Mexican Fruit Fly ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Highly Virulent

AbstractAnastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important pest of mango and citrus in Mexico. Here, we report the effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin strain MAAP1 on mortality and food consumption in A. ludens adults. Experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions at 26 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and 12:12 photoperiod. To assess pathogenicity and sublethal effects, we sprayed flies with 1 × 109 conidia/ml and 1 × 106 conidia/ml solutions, respectively. Food consumption was measured by providing known amounts of food through capillary tubes to caged flies. We found that M. anisopliae was highly virulent to A. ludens, causing 92.3 ± 0.62% mortality at day 13 post-exposure. Interestingly, food consumption reduced by 17% in flies exposed to the fungus. These results support the implementation of M. anisopliae within current strategies used for the integrated pest management of A. ludens.

scholarly journals Symbiosis in Sustainable Agriculture: Can Olive Fruit Fly Bacterial Microbiome Be Useful in Pest Management?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Olive Fruit ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Fly Control

The applied importance of symbiosis has been gaining recognition. The relevance of symbiosis has been increasing in agriculture, in developing sustainable practices, including pest management. Insect symbiotic microorganisms’ taxonomical and functional diversity is high, and so is the potential of manipulation of these microbial partners in suppressing pest populations. These strategies, which rely on functional organisms inhabiting the insect, are intrinsically less susceptible to external environmental variations and hence likely to overcome some of the challenges posed by climate change. Rates of climate change in the Mediterranean Basin are expected to exceed global trends for most variables, and this warming will also affect olive production and impact the interactions of olives and their main pest, the obligate olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae). This work summarizes the current knowledge on olive fly symbiotic bacteria towards the potential development of symbiosis-based strategies for olive fruit fly control. Particular emphasis is given to Candidatus Erwinia dacicola, an obligate, vertically transmitted endosymbiont that allows the insect to cope with the olive-plant produced defensive compound oleuropein, as a most promising target for a symbiosis disruption approach.

Lethal and Sublethal Toxicity of Pesticides Used in Fruit Growing on the Parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Implications for Integrated Fruit Fly Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tais Dalla Nora Cardoso ◽  
Paloma Stupp ◽  
Matheus Rakes ◽  
Matheus Bastos Martins ◽  
José Gomes da Silva Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Bordeaux Mixture ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Lime Sulphur ◽  
Diachasmimorpha Longicaudata ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Commercial Pesticide

Abstract The larval-pupal endoparasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) is considered one of the main biological control agents of fruit flies Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (1824) and Anastrepha fraterculus Wiedemann (1830) in Central and South America. The application of pesticides for disease and insect-pest management in fruit species may have adverse effects on the parasitoid. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects via residual contact of commercial pesticide formulations on D. longicaudata. The active ingredients thiamethoxam, indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, spinetoram, spinosad, phosmet, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, dimethoate, and methidationa showed high toxicity to adults (100% mortality) after 96 h and were classified as harmful (Class 4). In contrast, the formulations of azadirachtin (Agroneem 850 EC, Azact 2.4 EC, Azamax 12 EC, and Fitoneem 850 EC), chlorantraniliprole, bordeaux mixture, sulfur, lufenuron, lime sulphur, novalurom, and mancozeb were rated as innocuous (<10% mortality). In addition, the formulations azadirachtin did not reduce the parasitism and the emergence rate of the F0 generation, the same pesticides added to chlorantraniliprole, azadirachtin A+B (Agroneem 850 EC), and lufenuron did not cause reduction in parasitism and emergence rate of the F1 generation of D. longicaudata. The use of pyrethroids, organophosphates, spinosyns, oxadiazines, and neonicotinoids should be used with caution in IPM programs. While pesticides chlorantraniliprole, azadirachtin formulations, bordeaux mixture, lufenuron, lime sulphur, and mancozeb do not cause lethal and sublethal effects for D. longicaudata adults. The results of this study provide important information for use in integrated pest management programs for fruit fly management.

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Fruit Coating with Gum – Arabic for Quality and Fruit Fly Control

1970 ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Esameldin B. M. Kabbashi, Ghada H. Abdelrahman and Nawal A. Abdlerahman
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Fruit Shelf Life ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Subtropical Fruit

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a lovely tropical and subtropical fruit that originates in Mexico, Central America, and then taken to other distant and near parts around the world. In Sudan this popular fruit is produced in orchards and household and is so profitable but yet attacked by a lot of fruit fly species of the Genera Ceratitis and Bactrocera and the result is a loss of more than 70%. This research aimed at evaluating the effect of Gum Arabic coating (GAC) in extending the shelf life of guava fruit and disinfesting it from these notorious pests. Guava fruits from Kadaro orchards, Khartoum North, were tested using seven concentrations of Gum Arabic solutions. The results reflect that 1: 4 (25%) and 1: 8 (12.5%) (GA: water) concentrations attained 56 and 40% disinfestation, respectively whereas the other lower concentrations effected corresponding results in a range from 20 – 08%. The reduction in maggots per test fruit reached upto 188% as compared to the control.  The highest concentrations (1: 4 & 1: 8) effected a sustainability of 52% in fruit firmness (FF) with an average of medium (3) FF compared to soft FF (4) in the control. The corresponding results in other lower concentrations (1: 16; 1: 32; 1: 64; 1: 72 & 1: 96) were 36, 24, 24, 20 and 16%, respectively. In addition to an average FF of 4 (soft) for all these concentrations and 5 (very soft) for all the corresponding controls. Nevertheless, the sustainability of fruit color (FC) effected by the test concentrations was 52, 44, 24, 22, 24, 20, and 24%, respectively. Regarding these results, the two highest test concentrations effected a sizeable disinfestation and control of fruit flies and a good extension of shelf life of guava in Khartoum State. These findings support using this treatment as an effective IPM tool to extend guava fruit shelf life and upgrading its postharvest quality.

scholarly journals Establishing criteria for the management of tephritid fruit fly outbreaks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Ormsby
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Export Restriction ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Financial Impacts ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

AbstractTephritid fruit flies (Diptera; Tephritidae) represent a group of insects that include some of the most economically important pests in horticulture. Because of their economic importance, the financial impacts of an incursion of tephritid fruit flies into a new area can often result in restrictions to trade. The economic impacts of any trade restrictions imposed by importing countries are confounded by the current absence of consistent and accepted criteria for the strength and extent of any trade restrictions and declaring the end of an incursion. The author has developed models that can be used to establish criteria for the management of tephritid fruit fly outbreaks as outlined in international standards. A model enables criteria on when to recognise an incursion has occurred and establish export restrictions. Another model determines what area or radius an export restriction zone (ERZ) should cover. And a third model establishes criteria for the conditions required to enable an ERZ to be rescinded and the area’s pest free status reinstated. The models rely primarily on fruit fly biology and the effectiveness of surveillance trapping systems. The adoption of these proposed criteria internationally for establishing a control system and responding to fruit fly outbreaks would provide considerable economic benefits to international trade. Additionally, these criteria would enable countries to make more informed cost–benefit decisions on the level of investment in fruit fly control systems that better reflects the economic risks fruit flies represent to their economy.

Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Avermectin B1 on Three Fruit Fly Species (Diptera: Tephritidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Albrecht ◽  
Martin Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Fruit Fly

Fruit Fly Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management in Dragon Fruit in Binh Thuan Province, Viet Nam

2019 ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
Nguyen T.T. Hien ◽  
Vu T.T. Trang ◽  
Vu V. Thanh ◽  
Ha K. Lien ◽  
Dang Đ. Thang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Dragon Fruit

scholarly journals Parental RNAi Silencing of the transformer-2 Gene in a Species of the Anastrepha fraterculus Complex of Cryptic Species (Diptera, Tephritidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Pietro E. Vicari ◽  
Esther S. Chang ◽  
André L. P. Perondini ◽  
Denise Selivon
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Rnai Silencing ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Xx Males ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

In genera Anastrepha, Bactrocera and Ceratitis of the tephritid fruit flies the auto-regulatory function of gene transformer is assumed to be activated by maternal derived mRNA or the proteins of the gene transformer (tra-2 mat) and transformer-2 (tra-2mat). However, this maternal effect was not yet been demonstrated. The objective of the present study was to test the effect of absence of tra-2mat in the eggs on the sex determination of A. sp.1 affinis fraterculus. This was achieved by silencing gene tra-2 in the parental females via the pRNA interference. The data showed that tra-2 was transiently silenced in the female for three weeks period. The progenies sex ratio produced by these females during the silencing of tra-2 depart from 1:1 in favor of males. The excess of males was due to the transformation of a fraction of genotypical female XX embryos into XX males, the so-called pseudomales, Individual F1 males from the offspring of treated females crossed to females from the stock, revealed that majority of them showed regular mating behavior and were fertile. However, no offspring was produced in the crosses by a fraction of males that have produced sperms, showed regular mating behavior but did not transfer sperms to the females. The data allow the conclusion that the absence of tra-2mat in the eggs had impaired the self-regulation of the embryonic gene tra resulting in the transformation of XX embryos into pseudomales and also that these pseudomales are sterile. This effect may be useful improve more sustainable technologies for fruit fly control such as SIT.

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