Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Avermectin B1 on Three Fruit Fly Species (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Christopher P. Albrecht; Martin Sherman

doi:10.1093/jee/80.2.344

Sublethal Effects in Pest Management: A Surrogate Species Perspective on Fruit Fly Control

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects8030078 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

John Banks ◽

Roger Vargas ◽

Azmy Ackleh ◽

John Stark

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Surrogate Species ◽

Fly Control

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Differential Responses of Ceratitis Capitata to Infection by the Entomopathogenic Fungus Purpureocillium Lilacinum.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1064769/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wafa Djobbi ◽

Meriem Msaad Guerfali ◽

Agnès Vallier ◽

Kamel Charaabi ◽

Justin Maire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽

Ceratitis Capitata ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Over Expression ◽

Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Metabolic Activities ◽

Nutrient Reserves

Abstract Ceratitis capitata (medfly), is one of the most injurious pests of fruits with quarantine importance because of its extremely wide host range. The use of entomopathogenic fungi constitutes a promising approach for potential applications in integrated pest management. Nonetheless, developing methods of insect control can also involve the use of fungal machinery to produce metabolic disturbance that can increase its effectiveness by producing a detrimental effect on insect development. Insect species, such as Ceratitis capitata, depend on reproduction potential, nutrient reserves, metabolic activities and immune response for their survival. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to use the entomopathogenic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum to investigate, its sublethal effects on Ceratitis capitata. Laboratory bioassays were conducted on medfly V8 strain. The bioassays were monitored to determine the virulence of P. lilacinum on the fruit fly. P. lilacinum was tested against 5 days-old males and females, through abdominal topical applications. Following the fungal inoculation, we showed (i) a significant increase of sugar amount in tissues, (ii) a significant decrease in carbohydrase activities, digestive glycosyl hydrolase and proteinase activities in whole midguts of treated flies, (iii) an over-expression of Takeout and Attacin-A genes induced by infection. Moreover, the up-regulations observed for relish, cecropin 1, ceratotox-A and defensin genes are due to physiological mechanisms occurring during infection.

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Side Effects of Pesticides on the Olive Fruit Fly Parasitoid Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti): A Review

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10111755 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1755

Author(s):

Lara A. Pinheiro ◽

Beatriz Dáder ◽

Andrea C. Wanumen ◽

José Alberto Pereira ◽

Sónia A. P. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sublethal Effects ◽

Sublethal Effect ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Field Studies ◽

Food Sources ◽

Olive Fruit Fly ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

Contaminated Food ◽

Psyttalia Concolor ◽

The Impact

Pesticide applications in olive orchards could alter the biological control of parasitoid Psyttalia concolor Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on the key pest Bactrocera oleae Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae). Psyttalia concolor adults can be contaminated by exposure to spray droplets, contact with treated surfaces or oral uptake from contaminated food sources. Pesticides impact both pest and parasitoid populations when they coexist in time and space, as they reduce pest numbers available for parasitoids and might cause toxic effects to parasitoids from which they need to recover. Therefore, the appropriate timing and application of selective chemical treatments provides the opportunity to incorporate this parasitoid in the IPM of B. oleae. This manuscript reviews the current literature on lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and biopesticides on P. concolor. Insecticides were generally more toxic, particularly organophosphates and pyrethroids, while herbicides and biopesticides had less effects on mortality and reproductive parameters. Some fungicides were quite harmful. Most of the studies were conducted in laboratory conditions, focused on reproduction as the only sublethal effect, exclusively considered the effect of a single pesticide and persistence was hardly explored. Field studies, currently quite scarce, are absolutely needed to satisfactorily assess the impact of pesticides on P. concolor.

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Effect of Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) on food consumption and mortality in the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae)

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ◽

10.1017/s1742758418000073 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (03) ◽

pp. 254-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ricardo Alberto Toledo-Hernández ◽

Jorge Toledo ◽

Daniel Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Anastrepha Ludens ◽

Mexican Fruit Fly ◽

Important Pest ◽

Highly Virulent

AbstractAnastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important pest of mango and citrus in Mexico. Here, we report the effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin strain MAAP1 on mortality and food consumption in A. ludens adults. Experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions at 26 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and 12:12 photoperiod. To assess pathogenicity and sublethal effects, we sprayed flies with 1 × 109 conidia/ml and 1 × 106 conidia/ml solutions, respectively. Food consumption was measured by providing known amounts of food through capillary tubes to caged flies. We found that M. anisopliae was highly virulent to A. ludens, causing 92.3 ± 0.62% mortality at day 13 post-exposure. Interestingly, food consumption reduced by 17% in flies exposed to the fungus. These results support the implementation of M. anisopliae within current strategies used for the integrated pest management of A. ludens.

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Lethal and Sublethal Toxicity of Pesticides Used in Fruit Growing on the Parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Implications for Integrated Fruit Fly Management

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toab176 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tais Dalla Nora Cardoso ◽

Paloma Stupp ◽

Matheus Rakes ◽

Matheus Bastos Martins ◽

José Gomes da Silva Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Bordeaux Mixture ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Species ◽

Lime Sulphur ◽

Diachasmimorpha Longicaudata ◽

Emergence Rate ◽

Commercial Pesticide

Abstract The larval-pupal endoparasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) is considered one of the main biological control agents of fruit flies Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (1824) and Anastrepha fraterculus Wiedemann (1830) in Central and South America. The application of pesticides for disease and insect-pest management in fruit species may have adverse effects on the parasitoid. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects via residual contact of commercial pesticide formulations on D. longicaudata. The active ingredients thiamethoxam, indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, spinetoram, spinosad, phosmet, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, dimethoate, and methidationa showed high toxicity to adults (100% mortality) after 96 h and were classified as harmful (Class 4). In contrast, the formulations of azadirachtin (Agroneem 850 EC, Azact 2.4 EC, Azamax 12 EC, and Fitoneem 850 EC), chlorantraniliprole, bordeaux mixture, sulfur, lufenuron, lime sulphur, novalurom, and mancozeb were rated as innocuous (<10% mortality). In addition, the formulations azadirachtin did not reduce the parasitism and the emergence rate of the F0 generation, the same pesticides added to chlorantraniliprole, azadirachtin A+B (Agroneem 850 EC), and lufenuron did not cause reduction in parasitism and emergence rate of the F1 generation of D. longicaudata. The use of pyrethroids, organophosphates, spinosyns, oxadiazines, and neonicotinoids should be used with caution in IPM programs. While pesticides chlorantraniliprole, azadirachtin formulations, bordeaux mixture, lufenuron, lime sulphur, and mancozeb do not cause lethal and sublethal effects for D. longicaudata adults. The results of this study provide important information for use in integrated pest management programs for fruit fly management.

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