scholarly journals Abundance of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Leaf Litter and Soil Layers in Forested Habitats in Poland

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Anna Majchrowska-Safaryan ◽  
Cezary Tkaczuk
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Plating Method ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Forest Leaf Litter ◽  
Isolated Species

This study aims to determine the species composition and density of colony-forming units (CFU) of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) in leaf litter at different depths of the top layer of forest soils depending on the type of forest (coniferous, deciduous and mixed forest), and the date of sampling (spring, autumn). In each type of forest, leaf litter and soil were collected using a soil stick from four depths of soil: 0–5, 5–10, 10–15 and 15–20 cm. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated by a soil or litter dilution plating method on a selective medium. Four fungal genera were found: Beauveria spp., Cordyceps spp., Metarhizium spp., and Lecanicillium spp. The density of EPF was usually higher in leaf litter than in the layers of soil below, and the most frequently isolated species from both environments were Beauveria spp. among soil samples from all forest types; Beauveria spp. were most abundant in the top layer (0–5 cm), and their density of CFUs gradually decreased deeper into the soil profile.

scholarly journals The occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in soils from mid-field woodlots and adjacent small-scale arable fields

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Tkaczuk ◽  
Tomasz Krzyczkowski ◽  
Rudolf Wegensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Farmland Soil ◽  
Arable Fields

The aim of this study was to compare the species composition and the intensity of entomopathogenic fungi occurrence in the soil from mid-field woodlots and adjacent small farmlands. The study material consisted of soil samples taken from a mid-field woodlot and an adjacent small-scale arable field in three different localities in the vicinity of Siedlce. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from soil using two methods: the insect bait method and the selective medium. The comparative study showed that the soil from mid-field woodlots was characterized by a richer species composition of entomopathogenic fungi than of adjacent arable fields. A total of six fungal species representing the anamorphs of Hypocreales (Ascomycota) were isolated from the soil collected from mid-field woodlots: <em>B. bassiana, B. brongniartii, M. anisopliae, M. flavoviride, I. farinosa</em> and <em>I. fumosorosea</em>. The presence of only three species was reported in the farmland soil: <em>B. bassiana, M. anisopliae</em> and <em>I. fumosorosea</em>. This fact confirms the important role of semi-natural habitats as a source of biodiversity of entomopathogenic fungi in agricultural landscape. It was found that entomopathogenic fungi together formed more colony-forming units in the soil from arable fields than that of neighbouring mid-field woodlots. <em>B. bassiana</em> was the species of fungus which infected more bait insect larvae and formed significantly more colony-forming units (CFU) in the soil from mid-field woodlots than that of farmland in the localities studied, whereas the trend was the opposite in the case of <em>I. fumosorosea</em> and <em>M. anisopliae</em>. Given the presence of entomopathogenic fungi in the farmland soil in the three test places together, it was found that <em>I. fumosorosea</em> was dominant in the soil from the two arable fields, where this fungus infected more <em>G. mellenella</em> larvae and formed significantly more CFUs than the other species of fungi. <em>M. anisopliae</em> was the second most frequently isolated farmland species.

scholarly journals Assessment of Leaf Litter Decomposition in a Pine and Beech Mixed Forest: Case Study in Northern Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
David Candel-Pérez ◽  
J. Bosco Imbert ◽  
Maitane Unzu ◽  
Juan A. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Nutrient Cycles ◽  
Decomposition Rates

The promotion of mixed forests represents an adaptation strategy in forest management to cope with climate change. The mixing of tree species with complementary ecological traits may modify forest functioning regarding productivity, stability, or resilience against disturbances. Litter decomposition is an important process for global carbon and nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems, also affecting the functionality and sustainability of forests. Decomposition of mixed-leaf litters has become an active research area because it mimics the natural state of leaf litters in most forests. Thus, it is important to understand the factors controlling decomposition rates and nutrient cycles in mixed stands. In this study, we conducted a litter decomposition experiment in a Scots pine and European beech mixed forest in the province of Navarre (north of Spain). The effects of forest management (i.e., different thinning intensities), leaf litter types, and tree canopy on mass loss and chemical composition in such decomposing litter were analysed over a period of three years. Higher decomposition rates were observed in leaf litter mixtures, suggesting the existence of positive synergies between both pine and beech litter types. Moreover, a decomposition process was favoured under mixed-tree canopy patches. Regarding thinning treatments significant differences on decomposition rates disappeared at the end of the study period. Time influenced the nutrient concentration after the leaf litter incubation, with significant differences in the chemical composition between the different types of leaf litter. Higher Ca and Mg concentrations were found in beech litter types than in pine ones. An increase in certain nutrients throughout the decomposition process was observed due to immobilization by microorganisms (e.g., Mg in all leaf litter types, K only in beech leaves, P in thinned plots and under mixed canopy). Evaluating the overall response in mixed-leaf litters and the contribution of single species is necessary for understanding the litter decomposition and nutrient processes in mixed-forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Snail and millipede complementarity in decomposing Mediterranean forest leaf litter mixtures

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana De Oliveira ◽  
Stephan Hättenschwiler ◽  
Ira Tanya Handa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
Litter Mixtures ◽  
Forest Leaf Litter

TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE ASH COLOUR OF FOREST LITTER / TEMPERATŪROS ĮTAKA MIŠKO PAKLOTĖS PELENŲ SPALVAI

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Jolita Dūdaitė ◽  
Edita Baltrėnaitė ◽  
Paulo Pereira ◽  
Xavier Úbeda
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Informative Feature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Colour Chart

Research was carried out to identify the influence of temperature (150, 250, 350, 450, 550ºC) on the ash colour of Acer platanoides L. leaf litter and Pinus sylvestris L. needle litter samples collected from deciduous coniferous mixed forest in Lithuania (54º43‘ N 25º19‘ E) in April 2010. To achieve the objective, a laboratory experiment was conducted to determine ash samples using the Munsell Colour Chart. The analysis of colours has demonstrated that considering all litter samples, an increase in the temperature of litter heating was found to increase ash colour values (r = 0.92; p = 0.01). All the samples (n = 50) of both litter species were divided into categories 2.5Y (5 samples), 7.5YR (10 samples) and 10YR (35 samples). The total black Munsell colour was observed at a temperature of 350ºC for both litter species. Needle ash started turning bright at a temperature of 550ºC while the complete consumption of leaf litter was visible at a temperature of 450ºC. We conclude that the Munsell Colour Chart used for predicting the colour of ash is an informative feature to have the primary classification of ash. It is imperative to analyse the colour of the litter ash of the selected tree species in order to quickly and easily assess and predict their possible impact on the surrounding environment. Santrauka Tyrimas atliktas siekiant nustatyti temperatūros įtaką (150, 250, 350, 450, 550 ºC) paprastosios pušies spyglių ir paprastojo klevo lapų, surinktų iš lapuočių ir spygliuočių mišraus miško Lietuvoje (54° 43 „N 25° 19 ‚E) 2010-ųjų balandį, pelenų spalvai. Laboratorijoje Munsell spalvų sistema buvo naudojama, norint nustatyti pelenų spalvos reikšmes. Tyrimas parodė, kad didinant degimo temperatūrą visų pelenų spalvų vertės atitinkamai didėjo (r = 0,92, p = 0,01). Pagal spalvų skalę visus mėginius (50) galima suskirstyti į kategorijas: 2.5Y (5 mėginiai), 7.5YR (10 mėginių) ir 10YR (35 mėginiai). Juoda spalva buvo stebima abiejų rūšių pelenuose, kurie buvo deginami 350 ºC temperatūroje. Spyglių pelenai tapo šviesūs esant 550 ºC temperatūrai, o šviesėjantys lapų pelenai pastebėti 450 ºC temperatūroje. Galime teigti, kad Munsell spalvų sistemos naudojimas pelenų spalvai nustatyti yra informatyvus pirminės pelenų klasifikacijos rodiklis.

A new species of leaf-litter inhabiting Georissus from Borneo (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea: Georissidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3316 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN FIKÁČEK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
National Park ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Forest Leaf Litter ◽  
A New Species

Georissus (Neogeorissus) smetanai sp. nov. is described from Mt. Kinabalu National Park, Sabah, Malaysia. Long series of thisspecies has been sifted from cloud forest leaf litter in contrast to most species of the genus, which are most frequently collectedin riparian zones. The species is compared with G. lateralis Delève, 1967 and G. inflatus Delève, 1972, which were collected under similar circumstances and the leaf-litter habits of the three species are briefly discussed.Keywords. Georissus, new species, leaf litter, terrestrial habitats, aptery, Malaysia, Borneo, Sri Lanka, Republic of the Congo

scholarly journals Study on Carbon Stock of Leasehold Forests of Katakuti VDC, Dolakha District

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Tshering Dolma Lama ◽  
Ram Asheshwar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Total Carbon Stock

A study was carried on ten leasehold forests of Katakuti VDC, Dolakha district to estimate the carbon stock. Random sampling was used to collect the biophysical data of trees/ poles, sapling, root and leaf litter, herb and grass. Then, the biomass was calculated using the respective equation and the calculated biomass stock was converted into carbon stock multiplying with 0.47. Similarly, the soil samples were collectewd from different depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm to determine the soil organic carbon. Lastly, all analyzed data were compiled to get total carbon stocks. The result showed that the estimated total carbon stock per ha was found to be highest in Srijana leasehold forest with 125.493 t C/ha. The estimated total carbon stock of 10 leasehold forest was found to be 1439.033 tons. Here, Leasehold forests have been an emerging and successful example in conserving forests in epal. So, it is recommended to extend such studies in other parts of Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10255   The Initiation 2013 Vol.5; 63-67

scholarly journals Effects of post-emergent herbicides on Trichoderma harzianum , a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean cropping

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
M. Rollán ◽  
C. Mónaco ◽  
G. Lampugnani ◽  
N. Arteta ◽  
D. Bayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Soil Dilution

Trichoderma harzianum is a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean. Information is needed on the compatibility of this biocontrol agent and the post-emergent herbicides used in soybean cropping.Haloxyfop R Methyl (EC 10.4%), Glyphosate (SL 48%), Imazamox (WG 70%) and Imazethapyr (SL 10%) were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth of T. harzianum on in vitro agar plates. Glyphosate (2000 ppm), Imazethapyr (500 and 250 ppm) and Haloxyfop R Methyl (1000, 500 and 100 ppm) reduced the mycelial growth of T. harzianum . Imazamox had no effect at any concentration.Subsequently, all the herbicides were assessed for their effect on soil populations of T. harzianum . Greenhouse assays conducted with non-sterile soil inoculated with T. harzianum and a specific herbicide were sampled before pesticide application and after 30 days. The number of colony forming units per gram of soil (c.f.u./g of soil) was evaluated with a soil dilution technique using Trichoderma selective medium (TSM). No detrimental effect was revealed.

The importance of biotic factors in predicting global change effects on decomposition of temperate forest leaf litter

Oecologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Rouifed ◽  
I. Tanya Handa ◽  
Jean-François David ◽  
Stephan Hättenschwiler
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Forest Leaf Litter

scholarly journals Carbon and biomass stocks in a fragment of cerradão in Minas Gerais state, Brazil

CERNE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Augusto Morais ◽  
José Roberto Soares Scolforo ◽  
Carlos Alberto Silva ◽  
José Marcio de Mello ◽  
Lucas Rezende Gomide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Study Laboratory

This study aimed at quantifying carbon (C) and biomass stocks in shoot portion, leaf litter, roots and soil within a fragment of dense savanna 'cerradão', 158.5 ha in area, located in Minas Gerais state. Measures were quantified using dendrometric parameters obtained during the forest inventory and collection of leaf litter, root and soil samples. Furrows were dug in the soil each 100 cm long, 50 cm wide and 100 cm deep in order to collect root samples at depths of 0-30 cm, 30-50 cm and 50-100 cm, and soil samples from the layers 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm and 60-100 cm, as well as any leaf litter from the surrounding surface. Analyses were performed in the Organic Matter Study Laboratory (DCS/UFLA) to determine C contents in the above matrices, using an Elementar analyzer model Vario TOC Cube. Higher C contents and stocks and lower density were noted in topmost soil layers. In cerradão, shoot portion was found to be the matrix contributing the most to biomass production, followed by roots and leaf litter. Carbon stock in the fragment was 139.7 Mg ha-1. Soil was the matrix contributing the most to stocked C (64.8%), followed by the shoot portion (26.3%), roots (5.2%) and leaf litter (3.7%).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document