scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Bioactivity of Ludwigia spp. in the Control of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Eliana Aparecida Ferreira ◽  
Silvana Aparecida de Souza ◽  
Alberto Domingues ◽  
Matheus Moreno Mareco Da Silva ◽  
Isabella Maria Pompeu Monteiro Padial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Egg Survival

We tested the bioactivity of aqueous extracts of Ludwigia spp. (Myrtales: Onagraceae) on the biological cycle of Plutella xylostella. We assessed the duration of and viability during the larval, pupal and adult phases, as well as the influence of the extracts on the fecundity and hatching of P. xylostella eggs. Subsequently, we phytochemically screened the extracts. The extracts of L. tomentosa and L. longifolia reduced the pupal weight instead of prolonging the larval stage of P. xylostella. The L. tomentosa effect caused higher larval mortality and reduced the fecundity and hatching of P. xylostella eggs, and L. sericea reduced the egg survival. The phenolic compounds—flavonoids, condensed tannins and alkaloids—were more abundant in L. nervosa, L. tomentosa, L. sericea and L. longifolia. The L. tomentosa, L. longifolia and L. sericea extracts were bioactive, and these species showed the best results regarding their ability to control P. xylostella populations, because these plants produce substances able to inhibit food consumption and interfere with the morphological and physiological transformations of the offspring and the oviposition of adults.

scholarly journals Aqueous Extracts of Species of the Genus Campomanesia (Myrtaceae) Affect Biological Characteristics of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Aparecida de Souza ◽  
Irys Fernanda Santana Couto ◽  
Mateus Pereira ◽  
Claudia A. L. Cardoso ◽  
Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Alternative Control Methods ◽  
Great Damage

Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is an insect pest that causes great damage to Brassica cultures. It is necessary to develop alternative control methods, because this pest is resistant to many synthetic insecticides that are harmful to the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of Campomanesia adamantium, C. guazumifolia, and C. xanthocarpa on the life cycle of P. xylostella. These aqueous extracts were prepared in a concentration of 10 g/mL and then applied on cabbage disks of 4 cm2 to feed the larvae until they reached pupal stage. The disks were evaluated daily during the larval stage and replaced every 24 hours. The experiment consisted of ten replicates, each replicate containing five subsamples. The parameters evaluated were larval and pupal survival, pupal biomass, gender ratio, male and female longevity, number of eggs, fecundity, oviposition period and egg survival. The C. xanthocarpa extract increased larval stage and decreased pupal biomass and oviposition period. The C. adamantium extract decreased larval duration, pupal biomass, male longevity, and oviposition period. The C. guazumifolia extract decreased larval stage, male longevity, and oviposition period. The chemical composition of the extracts of Campomanesia species presented flavonoids such as quercetin, phenolic compounds, and tannins, and the highest retention time occurred in C. adamantium. Thus, the extracts of Campomanesia species were effective in decreasing and controlling the oviposition period of P. xylostella, probably because of the presence of flavonoids, which indicates a possible antioxidant potential and, therefore, the observed antibiosis.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Thin Layer Chromatography Profiling of Various Extracts of Achyranthes aspera and Cissus quadrangularis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
V. Suresh Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Achyranthes aspera and Cissus quadrangularis are important medicinal plants possessing wide biological activity. The natural products obtained from plants provides an unique opportunity for the development of new drugs but due to their complex nature there is a need to isolate and purify the bioactive compounds from plant extracts by separation techniques. Our earlier findings revealed that methanol extracts of A. aspera and C. quadrangularis and aqueous extract of C. quadrangularis exhibited antibacterial activity. This prompted to take up further research to reveal these plants’ potential valuable phytochemicals and therefore an attempt has been made to separate the phytochemical constituents of methanol and aqueous extracts of A. aspera and C. quadrangularis by thin layer chromatography. Phytochemical screening of both plant extracts revealed more concentrated phytochemicals in methanol extracts than in aqueous extracts. The TLC profiling showed that methanol extract of A. aspera and C. quadrangularis are rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Flavonoids were separated with n-butanol:ethyl acetate:water (1:2:3) solvent system at Rf value of 0.66 and was confirmed by post-development derivatization with 3% boric acid and 10% oxalic acid spray. After derivatization, the flavonoid spot could be further visualized under UV light at 254nm. Phenolic compounds were separated with methanol:water (2:1) solvent system at Rf value of 0.88 and confirmed with 10% ferric chloride spray. From the present study, suitable mobile phase for separation of flavonoids and phenolic compound fraction from methanol and aqueous extracts of both plants and TLC profiling have been developed

scholarly journals Etude Phytochimique Et Activité Antibactérienne De Deux Espèces De Lavande Autochtones Au Maroc : «Lavandula stoechas L. et Lavandula dentata L.»

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (30) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Lamiae Bachiri ◽  
Ghizlane Echchegadda ◽  
Jamal Ibijbijen ◽  
Laila Nassiri
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Activité Antibactérienne ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Lavandula Stoechas ◽  
Flora Of Morocco

In the present work, the aim is to compare the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of two lavender Species "Lavandula stoechas L." and "Lavandula dentata L.", belonging to wild flora of Morocco. Thus, a phytochemical screening was performed on the aerial part of invested plants, and no qualitative difference was detected between the studied species. Indeed, both contain catechin and gallic tannins, flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavones and catechols), sterols and triterpenes, in addition to combined anthracene compounds (C-glycosides). Whereas, the dosage of crude aqueous extracts showed that the contents of secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, flavonoids and total and condensed tannins were higher in L. dentata. Also, the essential oils of the aerial part, obtained by hydrodistillation gave higher yields in L. dentata than L. stoechas. Finally, antibacterial activity tests were performed on four strains of bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus "Gram+," and Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis which are Gram -) with both essential oils and crude aqueous extracts. The results obtained showed that essential oils have a powerful effect, particularly that of L. dentata on S. aureus, with an inhibition diameter about 30 mm. The crude extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram - and had no effect on Gram +.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Extracts from Amazon Plants on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Brevicoryne brassicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Laboratory, Semifield, and field trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Cerda ◽  
Carlos Carpio ◽  
A Carolina Ledezma-Carrizalez ◽  
Jessica Sánchez ◽  
Luis Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Aqueous Extracts

Abstract We evaluated the insecticide activities of aqueous extracts of five species of plants from the Ecuadorian Amazon (Deguelia utilis (ACSm.) AMGAZEVEDO (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae), Xanthosoma purpuratum K. Krause (Alismatales: Araceae), Clibadium sp. (Asteracea: Asterales), Witheringia solanacea L'Hér (Solanales: Solanaceae), and Dieffenbachia costata H. Karst. ex Schott (Alismatales: Araceae)) plus Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. (Poales: Poaceae) under laboratory, open-field conditions in Plutella xylostella L. (diamondback moth), and semifield conditions in Brevicoryne brassicae L. Tap water was used as a negative control, and synthetic insecticides were used as positive controls. In a laboratory bioassay, aqueous extracts of D. utilis resulted in P. xylostella larval mortality. In contrast to chlorpyrifos, all botanicals were oviposition deterrents. All extracts except Clibadium sp. decreased leaf consumption by P. xylostella larvae. In semifield experiments, D. utilis, Clibadium sp., D. costata, and X. purpuratum initially controlled the population of B. brassicae, but 7 d after application, all botanicals except the D. utilis lost their ability to control the pest. In field experiments on broccoli crops in both dry and rainy seasons, the extracts did not control the abundance of P. xylostella, where as a mixture of two insecticides (chlorpyrifos + lambda cyhalothrin) did. These results show some incongruences from laboratory to semifield and field conditions, indicating that more studies, including the identification of the chemicals responsible for the biological activity, its stability, and the effects of chemotypes on insecticidal activity, are needed to understand the potential of these plant species as botanical insecticides.

Effects of rhizobacteria on the biology and behavior of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Robson Thomaz Thuler ◽  
Fernando Henrique Iost Filho ◽  
Hamilton César De Oliveira Charlo ◽  
Sergio Antônio De Bortoli
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Kluyvera Ascorbata ◽  
And Behavior

Plant induced resistance is a tool for integrated pest management, aimed at increasing plant defense against stress, which is compatible with other techniques. Rhizobacteria act in the plant through metabolic changes and may have direct effects on plant-feeding insects. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cabbage plants inoculated with rhizobacteria on the biology and behavior of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Cabbage seeds inoculated with 12 rhizobacteria strains were sowed in polystyrene trays and later transplanted into the greenhouse. The cabbage plants with sufficient size to support stress were then infested with diamondback moth caterpillars. Later, healthy leaves suffering injuries were collected and taken to the laboratory to feed P. xylostella second instar caterpillars that were evaluated for larval and pupal viability and duration, pupal weight, and sex ratio. The reduction of leaf area was then calculated as a measure of the amount of larval feeding. Non-preference for feeding and oviposition assays were also performed, by comparing the control treatment and plants inoculated with different rhizobacterial strains. Plants inoculated with the strains EN4 of Kluyvera ascorbata and HPF14 of Bacillus thuringiensis negatively affected the biological characteristics of P. xylostella when such traits were evaluated together, without directly affecting the insect behavior.

scholarly journals Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Norazila Yusoff ◽  
Idris Abd Ghani ◽  
Nurul Wahida Othman ◽  
Wan Mohd Aizat ◽  
Maizom Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Female Ratio

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against P. xylostella. The toxicity and sublethal concentration (LC50) of farnesyl acetate, farnesyl acetone, farnesyl bromide, farnesyl chloride, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone were investigated for 96 h. The leaf-dip bioassays showed that farnesyl acetate had a high level of toxicity against P. xylostella compared to other tested farnesyl derivatives. The LC50 value was 56.41 mg/L on the second-instar larvae of P. xylostella. Then, the sublethal effects of farnesyl acetate on biological parameters of P. xylostella were assessed. Compared to the control group, the sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate decreased pupation and emergence rates, pupal weight, fecundity, egg hatching rate, female ratio, and oviposition period. Furthermore, the developmental time of P. xylostella was extended after being exposed to farnesyl acetate. Moreover, the application of farnesyl acetate on P. xylostella induced morphogenetic abnormalities in larval–pupal intermediates, adults that emerged with twisted wings, or complete adults that could not emerge from the cocoon. These results suggested that farnesyl acetate was highly effective against P. xylostella. The sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate could reduce the population of P. xylostella by increasing abnormal pupal and adults, and by delaying its development period.

scholarly journals Biological activities of spores and metabolites of some fungal isolates on certain aspects of the spiny bollworms Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Mohammed Abd-ElAzeem ◽  
Warda Ahmed Zaki El-Medany ◽  
Hend Mohammed Sabry
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Earias Insulana ◽  
Dead Larva ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractBiological activities of spores and metabolites of some fungi isolated from dead larva of the spiny bollworms (SBW), Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), against the newly hatched larvae of the pest were carried out. Results showed that the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae, Acremonium sp., and Paecilomyces variotii had affected the newly hatched larvae of (SBW). Acremonium sp. was the most potent one as it had the highest newly hatched larval mortality percentage (65 and 58.33%) for its spore suspension and metabolites, respectively, while the lowest one (41%) was for P. variotii metabolites. Also, spore suspensions of the all fungal isolates had the highest larval mortality than fungal metabolites. Studying the enzymatic activity showed that Acremonium sp. produced protease enzyme on media containing gelatin, which caused the highest larval mortality (72.22%).These isolates showed different effects on all stages of the pest and decreased pupal weight, adult emergence percentages, deposited eggs, and hatchability percentages than the control. Identification of Acremonium sp. EZ1 was confirmed using 18 s rRNA and its accession number MN25101.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antitumor activities of the red propolis Alagoas

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. G. Silva ◽  
T. M. S. Matias ◽  
L. I. O. Souza ◽  
T. J. Matos-Rocha ◽  
S. A. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Dpph Method

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, toxicity and phytochemical screening of the Red Propolis Alagoas. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion method. Determination of antioxidant activity was performed using the DPPH assay (1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FTC (ferric thiocyanate) and determination of phenolic compounds by Follin method. Toxicity was performed by the method of Artemia salina and cytotoxicity by MTT method. The phytochemical screening for the detection of allelochemicals was performed. The ethanol extract of propolis of Alagoas showed significant results for antimicrobial activity, and inhibitory activity for Staphylococcus aureus and Candida krusei. The antioxidant activity of the FTC method was 80% to 108.3% hydrogen peroxide kidnapping, the DPPH method showed an EC50 3.97 mg/mL, the content of total phenolic compounds was determined by calibration curve gallic acid, resulting from 0.0005 mg/100 g of gallic acid equivalent. The extract was non-toxic by A. salina method. The propolis extract showed high activity with a higher percentage than 75% inhibition of tumor cells OVCAR-8, SF-295 and HCT116. Chemical constituents were observed as flavonones, xanthones, flavonols, and Chalcones Auronas, Catechins and leucoanthocyanidins. It is concluded that the extract can be tested is considered a potential source of bioactive metabolites.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF LAGASCEA MOLLIS CAV. (ASTERACEAE)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Saradha M ◽  
Paulsamy S ◽  
Abinaya G
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Aim of the study was to analyze the phytochemical constituents and estimation of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds of leaves and roots of the medicinal plant Lagascea mollis. Methanol extract of dried leaves and roots of L. mollis was prepared by using soxhlet apparatus. The extract prepared was tested forpreliminary qualitative phytochemical screening, followed by the quantitative estimation of total flavonoids and phenols by spectroscopy. The selected plant parts were found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids in both parts and saponin is present only in leaf. In quantitative estimation the reports revealedthe presence 0.017 and 0.013 mgRE/g extract and 458.91 and 704.50 mgGAE/g extract total flavonoids and phenolic compounds in leaf and root extract respectively. These major phytoconstituents present in this species may be accounted as factors for the medicinal importance of L. mollis.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of the Phytochemical and Antioxidant activities of the leaves, stems, roots, and seeds extracts of Mitracarpus scaber Zucc (Rubiaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Wacothon Karime Coulibaly
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Mitracarpus Scaber ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Extracts of the leaves, stem, roots, and seeds of <em>Mitracarpus scaber</em> plants have been thoroughly investigated in an attempt to determine their phytochemical and antioxidant activities.<em> </em>Phytochemical screening carried out by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites in all the selective extracts of the plant. The levels of phenolic compounds showed that the leaves of <em>M. Scaber</em> are the richest in polyphenols with an average value of 488.291 ± 1.205 μg GAE/g (microgram of gallic acid equivalent per gram of the dry matter of the powdered plant). The total flavonoid assay revealed a high content in the leaves (1.624 ± 0.032 %). Also, studies of the antioxidant activities by DPPH<sup>● </sup>(2,2-diphenyl-1'-picrylhydrazyl) method showed a significant effect compared to vitamin C (96.62 %). The percentages of inhibition are respectively 89.82 % and 82.3 % for ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves and seeds. Furthermore, the inhibitory percentages of n-butanol in the leaves and seeds are 90.57 % and 83.67 %, respectively. Calculated IC<sub>50</sub> showed that the n-butanol fraction of the seeds exhibited the highest activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.293 mg/mL less than ascorbic acid with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.387 mg/mL.

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