scholarly journals Poplar Tree Response to Feeding by the Petiole Gall Aphid Pemphigus spyrothecae Pass

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Izabela Kot ◽  
Katarzyna Kmieć
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Poplar Trees ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Pemphigus Spyrothecae

Pemphigus spyrothecae Pass. which is a member of the subfamily Pemphiginae is one of the gall-inducing aphids that occurs on poplar trees. Phloem feeding of a founding mother on leaf petiole results in the formation of a new organ, i.e., the spiral gall. This study documents aphid development inside the galls during the growing season and the effect of their feeding on leaf architecture and physiology of the host plant. In particular, leaf length, width, and area were measured, as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and the activity of ascorbate (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) were determined in galls and galled leaves. The presence of petiole galls significantly decreased the length, width, and leaf area. Aphid activity increased H2O2 concentration in galls and EL from galls and leaf tissues, which was accompanied by a strong decrease in MDA content and both peroxidase activities, especially in gall tissues. It can be suggested that P. spyrothecae can manipulate physiological machinery of the host plant for its own benefit.

scholarly journals Do we have infraspecific taxa of Salvia multicaulis Vahl. (Lamiaceae) in Iran?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehdi Talebi ◽  
Reza Rezakhanlou ◽  
A V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Basal Leaf ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Length Width

<p><em>Salvia multicaulis</em> is a widespread species of Lamiaceae family in Iran. There are many discussions about its infraspecific variations. Although some varieties were definite for this species in various parts of the world, no infraspecific taxon was reported in Iran and all samples of this species were named as S. multicaulis. In this study, morphological characteristics of S. multicaulis populations, naturally growing in Iran, was examined. Twenty-two traits were examined in 94 individuals of this species to<br />identify their phenotypic difference. Most of the investigated features were showing a high degree of variability, but it was highly pronounced for some characteristics such as basal leaf shape, basal leaf width, basal leaf length/ width ratio and basal petiole length. Significant positive/negative correlations were observed between some morphological variables. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were found between the eastern distribution of populations with basal leaf petiole length and basal leaf length/ width ratio. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, populations were divided into two main branches. The first branch contained four populations, while the second branch was bigger and clustered in two sub-branches. In one of them,<br />three populations and in another one the rest populations arranged in two groups. CA joined plot confirmed that each of studied populations or group of populations had distinct morphological trait(s), which were useful in identification of them. Our findings supported population no. 13 had unique morphological traits such as the largest bracts and basal leaf petiole, highest flower number of each inflorescence cycle, widest and largest calyx. The conservation of the highly diverse populations of<br />Iranian S. multicaulis is recommended.</p>

scholarly journals KRITERIA PENANDA SELEKSI PRODUKTIVITAS TERNA DAN ASIATIKOSIDA PADA PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
BUDI MARTONO ◽  
MUNIF GHULAMAHDI ◽  
LATIFAH K. DARUSMAN ◽  
SANDRA ARIFIN AZIZ ◽  
NURLIANI BERMAWIE
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Marker Selection ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Length Width ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Selection Of

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Keberhasilan  seleksi  produktivitas  terna  dan  produktivitasasiatikosida yang tinggi ditentukan oleh kriteria seleksi yang sesuai. Adabeberapa metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mencari kriteria seleksi,salah satu diantaranya adalah dengan memanfaatkan analisis lintas (Pathanalysis). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola hubungan antarkomponen pertumbuhan dengan produksi terna dan produksi asiatikosidaberdasarkan nilai korelasi, pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung, sertanilai heritabilitas pada 16 nomor koleksi plasma nutfah pegagan. Penelitiandilakukan di KP. Cimanggu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik(BALITTRO) antara bulan Juli-November 2007, dengan menggunakanrancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang diulang 2 kali. Intensitas cahayayang digunakan 75%. Komponen pertumbuhan yang diamati meliputijumlah, panjang, dan diameter tangkai daun; jumlah, panjang, lebar, luas,dan tebal daun; serta jumlah sulur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapeubah panjang dan diameter tangkai daun; serta panjang, lebar, luas, dantebal daun berkorelasi positif sangat nyata terhadap produksi terna.Berdasarkan analisis lintas, panjang, dan diameter tangkai daun, panjang,lebar, luas, dan tebal daun berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap produksiterna melalui peubah lainnya. Seleksi terhadap produksi terna secara tidaklangsung dapat dilakukan melalui seleksi panjang dan diameter tangkaidaun, dan panjang, lebar, luas, serta tebal daun. Seleksi genotipe pegagandengan produksi terna yang tinggi melalui panjang dan diameter tangkaidaun; dan panjang, lebar; serta luas daun lebih efektif dibandingkandengan melalui tebal daun karena kelima peubah tersebut mempunyai nilaiheritabilitas yang tinggi. Panjang tangkai daun, luas dan tebal daun, sertajumlah sulur mempunyai korelasi positif nyata dan sangat nyata denganproduksi asiatikosida. Luas daun dan jumlah sulur berpengaruh tidaklangsung terhadap produksi asiatikosida melalui peubah lainnya. Panjangtangkai daun dan tebal daun secara langsung berperan dalam menentukanproduksi asiatikosida. Seleksi produktivitas asiatikosida yang tinggimelalui peubah panjang tangkai daun akan memberikan respon yang lebihcepat karena memiliki nilai heritabilitas yang tinggi.</p><p>Kata kunci: Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, terna, asiatikosida, analisislintas, heritabilitas</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Criterion of Marker Selection of Fresh Shoot andAsiaticoside Productivity of Asiatic Pennywort (Centellaasiatica (L.) Urban)</p><p>Selection of asiatic pennywort for high fresh shoot and asiaticosideproduction is determined by using appropriate selection criterion. Thereare several methods that can be applied, one among those is using the pathanalysis. The research was aimed to study the correlation analysis betweengrowth and production variables, direct and indirect effects, and theheritability of sixteen accessions. The experiment was conducted atCimanggu Experimental Station of Indonesian Medicinal and AromaticCrops Research Institute (ISMECRI) Bogor, Indonesia from July untilNovember 2007. The research was arranged using randomized completeblock design (RCBD) with two replications. Sixteen accessions and 75%light intensity were used. The growth components observed were number,length, and diameter of leaf petiole; number, length, width, area, andthickness of leaf; and number of stolon. The results showed that leafpetiole length and diameter, leaf length, width, area, and thicknesspositively and significantly correlated with fresh shoot production. Theleaf petiole length and diameter, leaf length, width, area, and thicknessindirectly affected fresh shoot production through other variables. The leafpetiole length and diameter; leaf length, width, area, and thickness couldbe indirectly selected as fresh shoot production variables. Selection ofasiatic pennywort genotype with high fresh shoot production through leafpetiole length and diameter; leaf length, width, and area were moreeffective compared to through leaf thickness, because the five variableshave high heritability values. Correlations between leaf petiole length, leafarea and thickness, and number of stolon with asiaticoside production werepositive and significant. The leaf area and number of stolon indirectlyaffected asiaticoside production through other variables. The length andthe thickness of leaf directly influenced the asiaticoside production. Leafpetiole length, which has high heritability value, can be used as variable toselect high asiaticoside production of asiatic pennywort.</p><p>Key words : Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, shoot production, asiaticoside,path analysis, heritability</p>

scholarly journals Various ORSV infection symptoms on ceratorhiza induction in orchid plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Mitha Valentina Treesya Panjaitan ◽  
Mahfut Mahfut ◽  
Tundjung Tripeni Handayani ◽  
Sri Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Several types of orchids that are in great demand and cultivated by various groups are Phalaenopsis sp. and Dendrobium sp. Mycorrhizae are needed by orchid plants to complete their life cycle. This is because mycorrhizae are capable of symbiosis with the root system of the host plant so that the plant's capacity to absorb elements will increase. This study aims to determine the extent to which Ceratorhiza induction on Phalaenopsis amabilis and Dendrobium discolour orchids can suppress the symptoms of Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) infection. The method used in this study was a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors and 4 replications. The first factor is the type of orchid used, namely Phalaenopsis amabilis (A1) and Dendrobium discolour (A2), while the second factor is the type of administration of mycorrhizae, viruses, and mycorrhizal viruses. Observation of disease symptoms is done by looking at the symptoms that appear on leaves that have been infected with ORSV. The results showed that the symptoms that appeared in Phalaenopsis amabilis were in the form of mosaic, necrosis, leaf malformation, while in Dendrobium discolour were mosaic and necrotic. Ceratorhiza was not able to suppress the symptoms of disease infection because based on the results obtained; the treatment on orchids inoculated with mycorrhizae and viruses showed more severe symptoms compared to the treatment only inoculated with viruses increased response and Dendrobium discolours showed a decreased response in leaf length, width, and number. Meanwhile, in the root organ, Dendrobium discolour showed an increased response and Phalaenopsis amabilis showed a decreased response in root length and number of roots.

scholarly journals Morphological Variations of Robusta Coffee As a Response to Different Altitude in Lampung

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Erwin Prastowo ◽  
Rina Arimarsetiowati
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Qualitative Variable ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Key Issues

The coffee growth is considered to depend, partly, on the environmental condition at which they develop to accomplish both vegetative and generative stages. An exploratory survey in Lampung aimed at investigating the morphological characteristics of 13 Robusta coffee accessions growing on different altitudes.Local superior coffee clones were selected from eight farms, and subjected to identifications. Three key issues were concerned for both quantitatively, i.e. plant components of leaves, branches, and fruits, and qualitatively such as leaves and fruit characteristics, i.e. colour and shape. The analysis shows a similarity of about 60% of total qualitative variable identified among different accessions. The remaining characters are suggested to be more varying such as flush colour, leaf surface, ripe fruit colour, and stipule shape. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis showed a higher level of similarity for fruit characters, i.e. fruit length, -width, and -thickness, and to a slightly lower level for leaf characteristics, i.e. leaf length and -width, and number of productive branches. It was revealed that some variables, i.e. fruit weight; leaf and seed; and canopy characteristics, explaining the morphological variation of coffee throughout the accessions. Furthermore, cluster analysis may indicated a possible similarity of coffee morphologies either from area with different or the same environmental conditions. A high heterogeneity related to environmental conditions, genotypic variations, plant nutritional status, and agronomic practices, which unable to confirm in the present study, may limit the specific conclusions.

scholarly journals Effect Of Priming Of Seeds Of Medicago Sativa ‘Bami’ With Gibberellic Acid On Germination, Seedlings Growth And Antioxidant Enzymes Activity Under Salinity Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Younesi ◽  
Ali Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Glutathione Reductase Activity

AbstractThe experiment was conducted in order to study effects of seeds priming with gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0, 3, 5 and 8 mM on germination, growth and antioxidant enzymes activity in alfalfa seedlings under salinity stress (200 mM NaCl). All control seeds germinated. The rate of germinated seeds was reduced to 48% in the presence of NaCl, and increased to 76% after seeds priming with 5 mM GA3. Priming with 5 mM GA3 was also correlated with an increase of dry weight of seedlings derived from both stressed and non-stressed seeds as well as with the reduction of electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in salt stressed seedlings. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase in primed and non-primed seeds increased in the presence of NaCl and after priming of seeds with 5 mM GA3, whereas only small effect on glutathione reductase activity in both primed and non-primed seeds was observed. The total ascorbate level was higher in both stressed and non-stressed seedlings from primed seeds. These results suggest that GA3 priming might increase the salt tolerance of alfalfa seedlings through enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the membrane damage as estimated using biomarkers, EL index and MDA content.

scholarly journals The Influence of Soil Acidity on the Physiological Responses of Two Bread Wheat Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1472
Author(s):  
Brigitta Tóth ◽  
Csaba Juhász ◽  
Maryke Labuschagne ◽  
Makoena Joyce Moloi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidative Capacity ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Mda Content

The recent study was conducted to examine the influence of acidic soil on the activities of ascorbate (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), proline, protein as well as malon-dialdehyde (MDA) content, in two commercial spring wheat cultivars (PAN3497 and SST806) at different growth stages (tillering and grain filling). A cultivar effect was significant only for MDA content, while the treatment effect was highly significant for proline, protein, and MDA. The sampling time effect was significant for most characteristics. MDA, antioxidative capacity, as well as protein content increased with maturity. At grain filling, MDA and proline contents were significantly higher at pH 5 than pH 6 and 7 for both cultivars, with the highest content in SST806. Similarly, SST806 had significantly higher APX and POD when growing at pH 5. There were no significant differences in protein content at grain filling between either genotype or treatments affected by low pH. This study showed that growth stage and soil pH influence the rate of lipid peroxidation as well as the antioxidative capacity of wheat, with a larger effect at grain filling, at pH 5. Although SST806 had higher proline, POD, and APX content than PAN3497 at this growth stage, this coincided with a very high MDA content. This shows that the high antioxidative capacity observed here, was not associated with a reduction of lipid peroxidation under low soil pH. Further research should, therefore, be done to establish the role of the induced antioxidant system in association with growth and yield in wheat.

scholarly journals Impact of Nanosized Titanium Dioxide on Agronomical and Physiological Characteristics of Annual Medic (Medicago scutellata L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dolatabadi ◽  
B. Sani ◽  
P. Moaveni
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Measured Variable ◽  
Nanosized Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Medicago Scutellata ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Abstract In order to investigate the effect of exogenous application of nano-TiO2 on annual medic, a field study was conducted in a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications. The experimental treatments included six concentrations of nano-TiO2 (Control, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.06% g/l) and spraying at two growing stages (pod stage and 10% flowering stage). Results showed that the effects of nano-TiO2 and spraying times on dry forage yield were significant (p<0.01). Nano-TiO2 spray appear to influence the malone dialdehyde (MDA) content (p<0.01). With increasing concentrations of nano-TiO2 the values of aforementioned measured variable significantly decreased. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) were affected by nanoparticle (p<0.01) and spraying times (p<0.01), as well as their interactive effect of two mentioned factors were significant in terms of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) (p<0.01) activity and dry forage yield. Among different concentrations of nano-TiO2, 0.04% and 0.06% have the best effect on all traits. Totally, treatment with nano-TiO2 were more effective in the pod stage, compared to 10% flowering stage.

scholarly journals Effect of Carbonized Tangerines Prepared Using Plasma as Fertilizer: Case Study—Lettuce Farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Soo-Young Moon ◽  
Hyeon Soo Kim ◽  
Daehee Jang ◽  
Ji-Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Good Alternative ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Untreated Plot ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
By Products

This study investigates the soil chemical changes and crop growth characteristics after treatment with carbonized tangerines prepared using plasma. To determine the effect of the carbonized tangerines on crop, four test plots were treated with chaff charcoal or different ratios of coco peat and carbonized tangerines. Lettuce was grown on the plots, and the chemical changes in soil and physical changes in the lettuce were observed. Chemical changes in the soil before and after the carbonized tangerine treatments were very similar to those before and after chaff charcoal treatment. Lettuce leaf length, width, weight, and count in carbonized tangerine-treated plots significantly increased than those in the untreated plot. Our results found that the carbonization of tangerines using plasma can be a good alternative for processing many by-products generated during cultivation. In addition, the possibility of using carbonized tangerines as biochar has been explored.

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