scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, at Different Stages after Metarhizium anisopliae Challenge

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Yifan Peng ◽  
Jifeng Tang ◽  
Jiaqin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Clusters Of Orthologous Groups ◽  
Illumina Deep Sequencing

Nilaparvata lugens is one of the major pests of rice and results in substantial yield loss every year. Our previous study found that the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae showed effective potential for controlling this pest. However, the mechanisms underlying M. anisopliae infection of N. lugens are not well known. In the present study, we further examined the transcriptome of N. lugens at 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, and 24 h after M. anisopliae infection by Illumina deep sequencing. In total, 174.17 Gb of data was collected after sequencing, from which 23,398 unigenes were annotated by various databases, including 3694 newly annotated genes. The results showed that there were 246 vs 75, 275 vs 586, 378 vs 1055, and 638 vs 182 up- and downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, and 24 h after M. anisopliae infection, respectively. The biological functions and associated metabolic processes of these genes were determined with the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The DEGs data were verified using RT-qPCR. These results indicated that the DEGs during the initial fungal infection appropriately reflected the time course of the response to the fungal infection. Taken together, the results of this study provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the insect host response to fungal infection, especially during the initial stage of infection, and may improve the potential control strategies for N. lugens.

scholarly journals Identification and analysis of miRNAs in IR56 rice in response to BPH infestations of different virulence levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyabrata Nanda ◽  
San-Yue Yuan ◽  
Feng-Xia Lai ◽  
Wei-Xia Wang ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Mirna Sequence ◽  
Rna Profiling ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Rice production and sustainability are challenged by its most dreadful pest, the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH). Therefore, the studies on rice-BPH interactions and their underlying mechanisms are of high interest. The rice ontogenetic defense, such as the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) has mostly been investigated against the pathogens, with only a few reports existing against the insect infestations. Thus, revealing the involvement of rice miRNAs in response to BPH infestations will be beneficial in understanding these complex interactions. In this study, the small RNA profiling of the IR56 rice in response to separate BPH infestations of varied virulence levels identified the BPH-responsive miRNAs and revealed the differential transcript abundance of several miRNAs during a compatible and incompatible rice-BPH interaction. The miRNA sequence analysis identified 218 known and 28 novel miRNAs distributed in 54 miRNA families. Additionally, 138 and 140 numbers of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified during the compatible and incompatible interaction, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed the target gene candidates of DE miRNAs (including osa-miR2871a-3p, osa-miR172a, osa-miR166a-5p, osa-miR2120, and osa-miR1859) that might be involved in the IR56 rice defense responses against BPH infestation. Conversely, osa-miR530-5p, osa-miR812s, osa-miR2118g, osa-miR156l-5p, osa-miR435 and two of the novel miRNAs, including novel_16 and novel_52 might negatively modulate the IR56 rice defense. The expressional validation of the selected miRNAs and their targets further supported the IR56 rice defense regulatory network. Based on our results, we have proposed a conceptual model depicting the miRNA defense regulatory network in the IR56 rice against BPH infestation. The findings from the study add further insights into the molecular mechanisms of rice-BPH interactions and will be helpful for the future researches.

scholarly journals N-glycosylation Site Analysis Reveals Sex-related Differences in Protein N-glycosylation in the Rice Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freja Scheys ◽  
Els J. M. Van Damme ◽  
Jarne Pauwels ◽  
An Staes ◽  
Kris Gevaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Glycosylation Site ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Wide Range

Glycosylation is a common modification of proteins and critical for a wide range of biological processes. Differences in protein glycosylation between sexes have already been observed in humans, nematodes and trematodes, and have recently also been reported in the rice pest insect Nilaparvata lugens. Although protein N-glycosylation in insects is nowadays of high interest because of its potential for exploitation in pest control strategies, the functionality of differential N-glycosylation between sexes is yet unknown. In this study, therefore, the occurrence and role of sex-related protein N-glycosylation in insects were examined. A comprehensive investigation of the N-glycosylation sites from the adult stages of N. lugens was conducted, allowing a qualitative and quantitative comparison between sexes at the glycopeptide level. N-glycopeptide enrichment via lectin capturing using the high mannose/paucimannose-binding lectin Concanavalin A, or the Rhizoctonia solani agglutinin which interacts with complex N-glycans, resulted in the identification of over 1300 N-glycosylation sites derived from over 600 glycoproteins. Comparison of these N-glycopeptides revealed striking differences in protein N-glycosylation between sexes. Male- and female-specific N-glycosylation sites were identified, and some of these sex-specific N-glycosylation sites were shown to be derived from proteins with a putative role in insect reproduction. In addition, differential glycan composition between males and females was observed for proteins shared across sexes. Both lectin blotting experiments as well as transcript expression analyses with complete insects and insect tissues confirmed the observed differences in N-glycosylation of proteins between sexes. In conclusion, this study provides further evidence for protein N-glycosylation to be sex-related in insects. Furthermore, original data on N-glycosylation sites of N. lugens adults are presented, providing novel insights into planthopper's biology and information for future biological pest control strategies.

Two novel cytochrome P450 genesCYP6CS1andCYP6CW1fromNilaparvata lugens(Hemiptera: Delphacidae): cDNA cloning and induction by host resistant rice

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Yang ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
X. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Northern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Two novel full-length P450 cDNAs,CYP6CS1andCYP6CW1, were cloned from the fourth instar nymphs of brown planthopperNilaparvata lugensStål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) reared on its susceptible rice variety Taichung Native 1 (TN1) plants. The deduced proteins are typical microsomal P450s sharing conserved structural and functional domains with other insect CYP6 members. Temporal expression analysis by northern blot hybridization indicated pre-exposure toN.lugensmoderately resistant rice Minghui 63 (MH63) seedlings caused a time course-dependent induction ofCYP6CS1which peaked after 24 h of treatment; in contrast,CYP6CW1was induced and remained at a constant time course from 0–72 h.CYP6CS1andCYP6CW1are dramatically induced in gut tissues and, slightly upregulated in carcass and fat bodies as revealed in spatial gene expression analysis. Whole mountin situhybridizaion revealed that the two genes are expressed at a basal level in gut tissue and Malpighian tubules in nymphs fed with TN1 rice. After exposure to MH63, the expression ofCYP6CW1was found to be high in the whole gut, including Malpighian tubules. Expression ofCYP6CS1was significantly increased in midgut, and slightly increased in foregut, hindgut and Malpighian tubules. These data suggest a potential role of the two P450s in determining patterns ofN. lugens-rice relationships through allelochemical detoxification.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of two Nilaparvata lugens populations to the Mudgo rice containing Bph1

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pin-Jun Wan ◽  
Ruo-Nan Zhou ◽  
Satyabrata Nanda ◽  
Jia-Chun He ◽  
San-Yue Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Incompatible Interaction ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
P450 Gene ◽  
Transcriptomic Responses

Abstract The Bph1 gene was the first reported brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) resistance gene in Mudgo rice and was widely used as a commercial cultivar for controlling BPH infestations. However, rapid adaptations of BPH on the Mudgo rice resulted in its resistance breakdown and the emergence of virulent BPH populations. Thus, specific BPH populations and rice varieties can serve as good model systems for studying the roles of different bio-compounds and proteins in the insect-plant interactions. Although our understandings have been improved on the complexity of BPH and rice interactions, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we analyzed the feeding performances and the transcriptomic responses of two BPH populations (Mugdo-BPH and TN1-BPH) during compatible (Mudog-BPH feeding on Mudgo rice) and incompatible (TN1-BPH feeding on Mudgo rice) interactions. The electrical penetration graph (EPG) results indicated that the BPH feeding and performances during the incompatible interaction are significantly affected in terms of decreased honeydew, loss of weight, decreased phloem sap ingestion (N4 waveform), but increased non-penetration (NP waveform) phase. Abundance of glucose and trehalose was reduced in BPH during the incompatible interaction. Transcriptomic surveys of insects in both interactions revealed that genes involved in cuticle formation, detoxification, metabolite transport, digestion, RNA processing, lipid or fatty acid metabolism, and proteolysis were significantly down-regulated during the incompatible interaction, whereas genes involved in insulin signaling were significantly upregulated. Knockdown of four genes, including the sugar transporter NlST45, the serine and arginine-rich protein NlSRp54, the cytochrome P450 gene NlCYP6AY1, and the cuticle protein NlCPR70 through RNA-interference revealed thess genes are important for BPH survival. Overall, the results of this study will be helpful for the future researches on BPH virulence shifts.

scholarly journals Patterns of PrPCWD accumulation during the course of chronic wasting disease infection in orally inoculated mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 3451-3461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Fox ◽  
Jean E. Jewell ◽  
Elizabeth S. Williams ◽  
Michael W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics

Patterns of abnormal prion protein (PrP) accumulation during the course of chronic wasting disease (CWD) infection were studied and the distribution and timing of disease-associated PrP (PrPCWD) deposition and lesions in 19 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) 90–785 days after oral inoculation were described. PrPCWD deposition occurred relatively rapidly and widely in lymphoid tissues, later in central and peripheral nervous tissues and sporadically in a variety of tissues and organs in terminal disease stages. Development of spongiform encephalopathy lagged behind PrPCWD deposition in the central nervous system (CNS), but occurred in the same neuroanatomical locations. PrPCWD deposition in the lymphatic and nervous systems tended to be consistent and progressive in specific organs and tissues. Locations of PrPCWD deposition were similar between deer of two PrP genotypes (225SS and 225SF), but the time course differed between genotypes: in 225SF deer, PrPCWD accumulated more slowly in lymphatic tissues than in 225SS animals, but that disparity was small in comparison to the disparity between genotypes in timing of deposition in CNS tissue. These data confirm retropharyngeal lymph node and medulla oblongata at the level of the obex as early sites of PrPCWD accumulation in mule deer with CWD. Data on the relative time frames for and genetic influences on PrPCWD accumulation may also offer insights about epidemic dynamics and potential control strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of Insecticide Stress on Expression of NlABCG Transporter Gene in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang ◽  
Zhou ◽  
Yang ◽  
Long ◽  
Jin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Molecular Transporters ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Important Means

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is an important pest of rice that severely affects production. Insecticides are an important means of controlling BPH, but their long-term use has led to resistance. To provide insight into BPH responses to insecticide stress, we determined the expression levels of BPH ABCG transporter genes under treatment with thiamethoxam, abamectin, and cyantraniliprole at LC10, LC25, LC50, and LC90. We cloned 13 BPH ABCG transporters, named NlABCG1 to NlABCG13. Conservative domain analysis showed that all 13 transporters have one nucleotide binding domain and one transmembrane domain, typical of semi-molecular transporters. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that thiamethoxam, abamectin, and cyantraniliprole stress increased the expression of some NlABCG transporters gene in BPH. However, after treatment with thiamethoxam at LC25 and abamectin at LC10, there was no significant upregulation of NlABCG. These results indicate that the expression of NlABCG varies in response to stress from different insecticides. These findings provide baseline information for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in BPH.

Screening of rice genotypes for resistance to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Ali ◽  
Salem S. Alghamdi ◽  
M. A. Begum ◽  
A. B. M. Anwar Uddin ◽  
M. Z. Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Rice Genotypes
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