scholarly journals Effects of Simulated Heat Waves on Life History Traits of a Host Feeding Parasitoid

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Yi-Bo Zhang ◽  
An-Pei Yang ◽  
Gui-Fen Zhang ◽  
Wan-Xue Liu ◽  
Fang-Hao Wan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Low Amplitude

The frequency and amplitude of heat waves are predicted to increase under future climate change conditions. We still lack a detailed understanding of how changes in the frequency and amplitude of heat waves are linked to the life history traits and biocontrol efficiency of host-feeding parasitoids. In the present study, we simulated a series of heat waves as a function of amplitude and frequency to investigate the effects on the life history traits of the host-feeding parasitoid Eretmocerus hayati. We found that both the amplitude and frequency of heat waves significantly affected the adult phenotypes. In the low-amplitude heat wave group, the frequency of heat waves did not change the life history traits of the parasitoid; however, when the heat amplitude reached 42 °C, medium (four times/week) and high frequencies (seven times/week) of heat waves detrimentally affected these parameters. Hence, these findings suggest that to obtain optimal biological control with this parasitoid, we need to carefully monitor heat wave pattern (especially the amplitude and frequency) over the short term (usually 7–10 days) before releasing a host-feeding parasitoid.

Costs and benefits of post-weaning associations in mountain goats

Behaviour ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Charest Castro ◽  
Mathieu Leblond ◽  
Steeve D. Côté
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Oreamnos Americanus ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Mountain Goats

Abstract To better understand the potential costs and benefits of prolonged parental care in gregarious species, we studied post-weaning associations in a marked population of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) monitored for 22 years. We calculated the occurrence and frequency of associations involving 1- and 2-year-old juveniles. We investigated (1) the influence of maternal characteristics and population size on the formation of post-weaning associations, (2) the short-term costs of associations on maternal reproductive success, and (3) the short-term benefits of associations on life-history traits of juveniles. We found that barren mothers associated more frequently with 1-year-olds than summer yeld and lactating mothers. Associations with 2-year-olds tended to increase the probability that a mother would be barren the following year. Post-weaning associations did not influence the body mass of newborn kids nor the body mass and survival of juveniles. We discuss how benefits for associated juveniles may appear later in life.

Effect of host feeding on life history traits of Tamarixia radiata, parasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri

BioControl ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gebiola ◽  
Francesc Gomez-Marco ◽  
Gregory S. Simmons ◽  
Richard Stouthamer
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Diaphorina Citri

scholarly journals "Heat waves" experienced during larval life have species-specific consequences on life-history traits and sexual development in anuran amphibians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janos Ujszegi ◽  
Reka Bertalan ◽  
Nikolett Ujhegyi ◽  
Viktoria Verebelyi ◽  
Edina Nemeshazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cold Adapted

Extreme temperatures during heat waves can induce mass-mortality events, but can also exert sublethal negative effects by compromising life-history traits and derailing sexual development. Ectothermic animals may, however, also benefit from increased temperatures via enhanced physiological performance and the suppression of cold-adapted pathogens. Therefore, it is crucial to address how the intensity and timing of naturally occurring or human-induced heat waves affect life-history traits and sexual development in amphibians, to predict future effects of climate change and to minimise risks arising from the application of elevated temperature in disease mitigation. We raised agile frog (Rana dalmatina) and common toad (Bufo bufo) tadpoles at 19 °C and exposed them to a simulated heat wave of 28 or 30 °C for six days during one of three ontogenetic periods (early, mid or late larval development). In agile frogs, exposure to 30 °C during early larval development increased mortality. Regardless of timing, all heat-treatments delayed metamorphosis, and exposure to 30 °C decreased body mass at metamorphosis. Furthermore, exposure to 30 °C during any period and to 28 °C late in development caused female-to-male sex reversal, skewing sex ratios strongly towards males. In common toads, high temperature only slightly decreased survival and did not influence phenotypic sex ratio, while it reduced metamorph mass and length of larval development. Juvenile body mass measured two months after metamorphosis was not adversely affected by temperature treatments in either species. Our results indicate that heat waves may have devastating effects on amphibian populations, and the severity of these negative consequences, and sensitivity can vary greatly between species and with the timing and intensity of heat. Finally, thermal treatments against cold-adapted pathogens have to be executed with caution, taking into account the thermo-sensitivity of the species and the life stage of animals to be treated.

scholarly journals Let there be more variability in two γ Cas stars

2020 ◽  
Vol 494 (1) ◽  
pp. 958-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaël Nazé ◽  
Andrzej Pigulski ◽  
Gregor Rauw ◽  
Myron A Smith
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Be Stars ◽  
Spectral Variability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Photometric Variability ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT We investigate the short-term optical variability of two γ Cas analogues,  πAqr and BZ Cru, thanks to intensive ground-based spectroscopic and space-borne photometric monitorings. For both stars, low-amplitude (mmag) coherent photometric variability is detected. The associated signals display long-term amplitude variations, as in other Be stars. However, these signals appear at high frequencies, especially in  πAqr, indicating p modes with a high degree l, a quite unusual feature amongst Be stars. While BZ Cru presents only low-level spectral variability, without clear periodicity, this is not the case of πAqr. In this star, the dominant photometric frequencies, near ∼12 d−1, are confirmed spectroscopically in separate monitorings taken during very different disc activity levels; the spectroscopic analysis suggests a probable tesseral nature for the mode.

Short-term variations in the early life history traits of common sardine Strangomera bentincki and anchoveta Engraulis ringens off central Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 105460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Molina-Valdivia ◽  
Mauricio F. Landaeta ◽  
Manuel I. Castillo ◽  
Darly Alarcón ◽  
Guido Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Engraulis Ringens

Life-history traits buffer against heat wave effects on predator-prey dynamics in zooplankton

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 4747-4757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Pablo Urrutia-Cordero ◽  
Liang He ◽  
Hong Geng ◽  
Fernando Chaguaceda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Wave Effects
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