scholarly journals Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Immune Competence in Hemolymph of Bombyx mori Pupa Parasitized by Silkworm Maggot Exorista sorbillans

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Xu ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Gao ◽  
Wu ◽  
Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Exorista Sorbillans ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Silkworm Cocoon ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Considerable Damage

The silkworm maggot, Exorista sorbillans, is a well-known larval endoparasitoid of the silkworm Bombyx mori that causes considerable damage to the silkworm cocoon crop. To gain insights into the response mechanism of the silkworm at the protein level, we applied a comparative proteomic approach to investigate proteomic differences in the hemolymph of the female silkworm pupae parasitized by E. sorbillans. In total, 50 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were successfully identified, of which 36 proteins were upregulated and 14 proteins were downregulated in response to parasitoid infection. These proteins are mainly involved in disease, energy metabolism, signaling pathways, and amino acid metabolism. Eight innate immune proteins were distinctly upregulated to resist maggot parasitism. Apoptosis-related proteins of cathepsin B and 14-3-3 zeta were significantly downregulated in E. sorbillans-parasitized silkworm pupae; their downregulation induces apoptosis. Quantitative PCR was used to further verify gene transcription of five DEPs, and the results are consistent at the transcriptional and proteomic levels. This was the first report on identification of possible proteins from the E. bombycis-parasitized silkworms at the late stage of parasitism, which contributes to furthering our understanding of the response mechanism of silkworms to parasitism and dipteran parasitoid biology.

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis of GA3-Induced Berry Elongation in Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivar Thompson Seedless

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Smita Maske-Ghule ◽  
Anuradha Upadhyay ◽  
Satisha Jogaiah
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Primary Amino ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Time Point

GA3 is a commonly used plant growth hormone for berry elongation in grapes. However, the basic molecular mechanism behind GA3 mediated berry-sizing is unclear. In current study, bunches of Thompson Seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) were sprayed with 25 ppm GA3 at 3-4 mm berry stage and berry samples were harvested at 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h after application. Among the detected 1935 proteins, 129 proteins were successfully identified with significant abundance at least one application time point. These proteins were assigned to carbohydrate metabolism, primary amino acid metabolism, photosynthesis related proteins, citric acid cycle, phenylpropanoid, and defense related pathways. Consequently, current study offers the identification of GA3 responsive proteins at berry stage and assesses the time course of proteome modulation during berry elongation by using proteomic approach.

scholarly journals Bombyx mori Pupae Efficiently Produce Recombinant AAV2/HBoV1 Vectors with a Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Expression System

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Pengfei Chang ◽  
Xiaoxuan Liu ◽  
Peng Lü ◽  
Qi Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have broad application prospects in the field of gene therapy. The establishment of low-cost and large-scale manufacturing is now the general agenda for industry. The baculovirus-insect cell/larva expression system has great potential for these applications due to its scalability and predictable biosafety. To establish a more efficient production system, Bombyx mori pupae were used as a new platform and infected with recombinant Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV). The production of a chimeric recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) serotype 2/human bocavirus type-1 (HBoV1) vector was used to evaluate the efficiency of this new baculovirus expression vector (BEV)–insect expression system. For this purpose, we constructed two recombinant BmNPVs, which were named rBmNPV/AAV2Rep-HBoV1Cap and rBmNPV/AAV2ITR-eGFP. The yields of rAAV2/HBoV1 derived from the rBmNPV/AAV2Rep-HBoV1Cap and rBmNPV/AAV2ITR-eGFP co-infected BmN cells exceeded 2 × 104 vector genomes (VG) per cell. The rBmNPV/AAV2Rep-HBoV1Cap and rBmNPV/AAV2ITR-eGFP can express stably for at least five passages. Significantly, rAAV2/HBoV1 could be efficiently generated from BmNPV-infected silkworm larvae and pupae at average yields of 2.52 × 1012 VG/larva and 4.6 × 1012 VG/pupa, respectively. However, the vectors produced from the larvae and pupae had a high percentage of empty particles, which suggests that further optimization is required for this platform in the future. Our work shows that silkworm pupae, as an efficient bioreactor, have great potential for application in the production of gene therapy vectors.

scholarly journals Autophagy—A Story of Bacteria Interfering with the Host Cell Degradation Machinery

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Anna K. Riebisch ◽  
Sabrina Mühlen ◽  
Yan Yan Beer ◽  
Ingo Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

Autophagy is a highly conserved and fundamental cellular process to maintain cellular homeostasis through recycling of defective organelles or proteins. In a response to intracellular pathogens, autophagy further acts as an innate immune response mechanism to eliminate pathogens. This review will discuss recent findings on autophagy as a reaction to intracellular pathogens, such as Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and pathogenic Escherichia coli. Interestingly, while some of these bacteria have developed methods to use autophagy for their own benefit within the cell, others have developed fascinating mechanisms to evade recognition, to subvert the autophagic pathway, or to escape from autophagy.

Protein hydrolysates from silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae protein treated with a novel neutral protease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
R.A. Herman ◽  
Z.-N. Li ◽  
C. Xie ◽  
J.-Z. Wang ◽  
Y. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Protease ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

Edible insects, regarded as a potential contributor to food security are currently given wide consideration due to their rich protein and other micronutrients contents. In this study, protease-assisted hydrolysis proposes an economically effective approach to hydrolyse proteins from silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae to improve its functional properties. The proteolytic activity of a novel neutral protease (265.14 U/ml) with appreciable thermal activities, was identified using 16S rDNA as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JW20 (SmNP20). The neutral protease with an apparent molecular weight of 28 kDa emerged active at pH 7 and maintained stability in pH range 6.0-8.0. The optimum temperature was 60 °C and stable at 55-60 °C, maintaining over 80% of its initial activity, with a half-life of 78.75, 89, 66.8 and 44 min at 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C. It was purified to 9.98-fold with a specific activity of 455.06 U/mg and 63.73% yield. The Km and Vmax values were 0.70 mg/ml and 9.48 μmol/min/mg, respectively. Enzymolysis with neutral protease enhanced the degree of hydrolysis (97.46±4.87%), increased water solubility over 50%, and a significant protein solubility of 63.44±0.65%. The Km and Vmax of the protein yield were 0.24 mg/ml and 165.63 μmol/min/mg respectively. A total of 17 amino acids have been detected in the hydrolysates obtained from the silkworm pupae protein. In comparison with neutrase and flavorzyme®, the enzyme possesses an elevated hydrolytic and catalytic efficiency. Emulsion activity and foam capacity ranged from 8-48 m2/g and 6-25% respectively. Hence, this study confirms the unique and efficient characteristics of an insect-enzyme correlation that is practically significant with potential improvement in nutritional composition and functional quality of insect proteins.

Comparative whey proteome analysis of small-tailed Han and DairyMeade ovine milk

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Urhan Bai ◽  
Xiaohu Su ◽  
Zhong Zheng ◽  
Liguo Zhang ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Proteome Profile ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Gland Development

Abstract We characterized the proteome profile of mid-lactation small-tailed Han (STH) and DairyMeade (DM) ovine milk in order to explore physiological variation and differences in milk traits between the two breeds. Methodology combined a tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomic approach with LC-MS/MS technology. A total of 656 proteins were identified in STH and DM ovine milk, of which 17and 29 proteins were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in STH and DM, respectively. Immune-related proteins and disease-related proteins were highly expressed in STH milk, whereas S100A2 and AEBP1 were highly expressed in DM milk, which had beneficial effects on mammary gland development and milk yield. Our results provide a theoretical basis for future breeding of dairy sheep.

Multi-omics reveals a relationship between endometrial amino acid metabolism and autophagy in women with recurrent miscarriage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Hong ◽  
Yuan chang Zhu ◽  
Su Liu ◽  
Tonghua Wu ◽  
Yuye Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Glutamine Deprivation ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract Deterioration of the endometrial environment is an essential cause of recurrent miscarriage (RM). However, current studies in terms of endometrial amino acid metabolic characterization and autophagy are still inadequate. This study aimed to assess differences in the endometrial amino acid metabolism and autophagy between normal pregnant and RM women to reveal the association between amino acid metabolism, autophagy, and the endometrial microenvironment. We tried to (1) identify the alternation in metabolite profiles in the RM endometrium; (2) investigate the expression of autophagy-related proteins in RM; (3) elucidate the association between amino acid metabolism and autophagy in RM. Our results showed that glutamine metabolites were upregulated while glutamate metabolites were downregulated in the endometrium of RM women. The levels of autophagy-associated proteins, including LC3B, ATG12, and Beclin-1, were significantly higher in the endometrium of RM women. Hemostasis, autophagy and IFNα signaling were the top three differentially activated signaling pathways between women with RM and normal pregnancy. Interestingly, we also found that the expression of AMPK and GCN2 was significantly up-regulated in the endometrium of women with RM, and the same expression trend was also observed in the human endometrial stromal cells cultured in glutamine deprivation medium. Furthermore, inhibition of AMPK decreased the level of GCN2, indicating a positive correlation between GCN2 and AMPK. The expression of GCN2 was consistent with the expression of ATG12 and beclin-1; however, it was opposite to that of p62. Exposure to glutamine deprivation increased the level of LC3B, GCN2, ATG12 and beclin-1. Altogether, these findings suggested significant crosstalk between amino acid metabolism and autophagy. In summary, our data suggested that aberrant crosstalk between amino acid metabolism and autophagy may contribute to the impaired endometrial microenvironment of RM. Our study may provide new insight into the diagnosis of recurrent miscarriage due to endometrial factors.

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