scholarly journals First Report of Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus in Egypt Resistant to Ivermectin

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed El-Ashram ◽  
Shawky M. Aboelhadid ◽  
Asmaa A. Kamel ◽  
Lilian N. Mahrous ◽  
Magdy M. Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Immersion Test ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
First Report ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rhipicephalus Annulatus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Egg Fertility

Tick control is mainly dependent on the application of acaricides, but resistance has developed to almost all classes of acaricides, including macrolactones. Therefore, we aimed to investigate ivermectin resistance among tick populations in middle Egypt. The larval immersion test was conducted using a commercial formulation of ivermectin (1%). Different concentrations of the immersion solution (0.0000625% (625 × 10−7%), 0.000125% (125 × 10−6%), 0.0005% (5 × 10−4%), 0.001% (1 × 10−3%), 0.0025% (2.5 × 10−3%), 0.005% (5 × 10−3), and 0.01% (1 × 10−2%)) were prepared by diluting a commercial ivermectin (1%) with distilled water containing 1% (v/v) ethanol and 2% (v/v) TritonX-100. Field populations of Rhipicephalus annulatus were collected from five different localities in Beni-Suef province, Egypt. Adult engorged female ticks were collected and assessed for oviposition and egg fertility. Eggs were collected, and hatched larvae were then used in the experiment. Application of acaricides was conducted on 10-day-old larvae. There was a significant difference in the LC50 (50% lethal concentration) among the examined localities on the log dose-response plot, where, the LC50 of tick populations from two localities (Emin elaros and Aldiabia) was higher than the other localities (Alhalabia, Alkom, and Beshnna). Besides, tick populations from Emin elaros and Aldiabia showed higher LC90 values with lower slope values compared to those from Alhalabia, Alkom, and Beshnna. According to these values (LC50, LC90, and slope values), as well as a history of acaricide failure to ticks in these areas, R. annulatus developed resistance to ivermectin. This study documents the first report of field populations of R. annulatus resistant to ivermectin in Egypt.

Do Deeper Levels of Cervical Biopsies Preceded by a Pap Smear Diagnosis of LSIL, ASCUS, or NILM/HPV+ Increase the Yield of Identifying Clinically Significant Lesions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S163-S164
Author(s):  
K G Manjee ◽  
W G Watkin
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Past History ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Cervical Biopsy ◽  
P16 Immunohistochemistry ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Introduction/Objective Cervical biopsy is performed following an abnormal pap smear or positive HPV testing in an attempt to uncover clinically significant lesions [HSIL/invasive carcinoma (HSIL+)]. An excisional procedure is considered if biopsy confirms HSIL+. When preceded by pap smear of LSIL, ASCUS, NILM/HPV+ or persistent HPV, continued surveillance is recommended for biopsies showing no SIL or LSIL. In our laboratory, cervical biopsies are routinely sectioned at 3 levels. Deeper levels are often ordered when initial sections are non-diagnostic. p16 immunohistochemistry, with or without deeper levels, is often ordered to confirm HSIL, or to differentiate HSIL from mimics. In this study, we examine whether and in what clinical situations does obtaining additional levels uncover clinically significant lesions. Methods 430 cervical biopsies between January-May 2018, with recent cytology of LSIL, ASCUS or NILM/HPV+ were identified in the pathology database. HPV status (if known), final biopsy diagnosis and past history of LSIL/HSIL were recorded. For each biopsy, orders for additional levels and/or p16 immunohistochemistry were recorded resulting in 4 categories: C1-no additional levels or p16, C2-deeper only, C3-deeper+p16 and C4-p16 only. Final diagnoses were divided into HSIL+, LSIL and no SIL. Results There was no significant difference in prior history of LSIL/HSIL and HPV status between all categories. Biopsy results were as follows: HSIL+: 11/222 (5%) C1; 1/78 (1%) C2; 7/43 (16%) C3; 15/87 (17%) C4 LSIL: 91/222 (41%) C1; 7/78 (9%) C2; 16/43 (37%) C3; 35/87 (40%) C4 No SIL: 120/222 (54%) C1; 70/78 (90%) C2; 20/43 (46%) C3; 37/87 (42%) C4 The average number of additional levels in C2 and C3 was 3.8 and 1.8, respectively. Conclusion Deeper levels alone did not enhance the detection of HSIL+. Almost all LSIL/HSIL were detected when initial levels were diagnostic or suspicious and supported by p16 immunohistochemistry. 3 levels are adequate to detect clinically significant lesions.

scholarly journals Acaricidal Activity of Commiphora merkeri Bark Exudate against Two Species of Rhipicephalus Koch (Acari; Ixodidae) by Larval and Adult Immersion Test

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ester Innocent ◽  
Ismail Almas Athman ◽  
Suzana Augustino
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alternative Agent

Ticks pose a threat in the infestation of both wild and domestic animals, thereby causing an increase in chances for transmission of diseases. Despite of the wide use of Commiphora species in tick control, no acaricidal activity of Commiphora merkeri. Engl. Exudate have been scientifically assessed. The acaricidal activity of the exudate extract and its Petroleum ether (PE), Dichloromethane (DCM) and Ethyl acetate (ETOAC) fractions were carried out by using the larval immersion test (LIT) and adult immersion test (AIT), against Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus averts. The crude extracts of C. merkeri showed 80% and 70% mortality on the LIT bioassay at concentration of 1.0 mg/mL for R. averts and R. appendiculatus, respectively. There was no statistical difference (p≥0.05) in activity of petroleum ether and dichloromethane fractions exhibiting 100% mortality at concentration of 1.0 mg/mL for R. appendiculatus and R. averts, also at 0.8 mg/mL to R. averts species. R. averts was more susceptible that R. appendiculatus showing stable incremental mortality in all concentration levels. In the AIT, no statistical significant difference (p≥0.05) in reduction was observed for crude extract of C. merkeri and petroleum ether fractions by having no surviving R. averts above 0.025 mg/mL after 24 and 72 h. The same trend was observed for R. appendiculatus within 24 h of exposure. However, at lower concentrations the residual effect of treatments on the ticks continued to elicit the effect over time having few or no immediate effect of death after exposure, This was vivid for R. averts within 24 and after 72 h. Follow up of survived engorged adults indicated that, the ticks could lay eggs but the eggs were not viable for hatching. This justifies its uses as an alternative agent in an integrated approach in reducing tick infestation among Pastoralist.

scholarly journals Modulation of the PGE2-Mediated Pathway in the Eclosion Blocking Effect of Flumethrin and Terpenoid Subfraction Isolated from Artemesia nilagirica in Rhipicephalus annulatus

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4905
Author(s):  
Panicker Devyani Ramachandran ◽  
Mahesh Doddadasarahalli Muniyappa ◽  
Sreelekha Kanapadinchareveetil ◽  
Suresh Narayanan Nair ◽  
Karapparambu Gopalan Ajithkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Ovarian Maturation ◽  
Prostaglandin E Synthase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Rhipicephalus Annulatus

Prostaglandins are a group of important cell-signaling molecules involved in the regulation of ovarian maturation, oocyte development, egg laying and associated behaviors in invertebrates. However, the presence of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the key enzymes for PGE2 biosynthesis and its interference by drugs were not investigated previously in the ovary of ticks. The present study was undertaken to assess the modulation of the PGE2-mediated pathway in the eclosion blocking effect of flumethrin and terpenoid subfraction isolated from Artemisia nilagirica in Rhipicephalus annulatus ticks. The acaricidal activities and chemical profiling of the terpenoid subfraction were performed. The localization of the cyclooxygenase1 (COX1) and prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) enzymes and the quantification of PGE2 in the ovaries of the ticks treated with methanol (control), flumethrin and terpenoid subfraction were also undertaken. In addition, the vitellogenin concentration in hemolymph was also assayed. Both flumethrin and the terpenoid subfraction of A. nilagirica elicited a concentration-dependent inhibition of fecundity and blocking of hatching of the eggs. The COX1 could not be detected in the ovaries of treated and control ticks, while there was no significant difference observed in the concentration of vitellogenin (Vg) in them. The presence of PGES in the oocytes of control ticks was confirmed while the immunoreactivities against PGES were absent in the vitellogenic oocytes of ticks treated with flumethrin and terpenoid subfraction. The levels of PGE2 were below the detection limit in the ovaries of the flumethrin-treated ticks, while it was significantly lower in the ovaries of the terpenoid subfraction-treated ticks. Hence, the prostaglandin E synthase and PGE2 were identified as very important mediators for the signaling pathway for ovarian maturation and oviposition in ticks. In addition, the key enzyme for prostaglandin biosynthesis, PGES and the receptors for PGE2 can be exploited as potential drug targets for tick control. The detection of PGES by immunohistochemistry and quantification of PGE2 by LC-MSMS can be employed as valuable tools for screening newer compounds for their eclosion blocking acaricidal effects.

Improving the image of psychiatry and psychiatrists: Results of a French national survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (S3) ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
D. Sebbane
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Great Satisfaction ◽  
Mailing Lists ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All

BackgroundA decline of recruitment into psychiatry has been observed in low and high income countries. It has been suggested that the negative image of psychiatrists may play a role in this issue. Thus, one mission of the AFFEP (French National Association of Psychiatric Trainees) is to improve the image of psychiatry and to fight the related stigma.ObjectiveThis study aimed to highlight prejudices about psychiatric trainees.MethodsThis study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted toward French residents specialized in psychiatry, anaesthesia, neurology, paediatrics, orthopaedic surgery or general medicine, between June and July 2013. An invitation email and an anonymous web-based auto-questionnaire were sent to the residents through their national associations mailing-lists. AFFEP local representatives also disseminated the survey to psychiatric trainees. The survey, hosted by the MODALISA software was made of four sections:– sociodemographic data;– school records;– prejudices from the other specialities towards psychiatric trainees;– professional identity.A statistical analysis was performed using MODALISA in order to describe and compare the data.ResultsOne thousand two hundred and ninty-six trainees participated in the study, including 760 psychiatrists, 253 residents in general practice, 123 anaesthetists, 60 neurologists, 57 paediatrics and 43 orthopaedics. 56% of the participants think that psychiatrists are odd trainees with previous history of mental health, 42% consider they are not doctors, and 37% describe them as lazy persons. Comparisons of personal history cases did not show any significant difference between psychiatric trainees and non-psychiatric trainees (12.6% vs. 9,3%, P = 0.074). Besides, the results show that almost all psychiatric trainees (95%) are happy becoming a psychiatrist.ConclusionsThese results suggest that prejudices about psychiatric trainees exist and are wrong. They will allow to work on the image of psychiatry and psychiatrists, to communicate about the great satisfaction of the psychiatric trainees and to break down old “cliché”.

scholarly journals Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy: “Mucosectomy or Not Only Mucosectomy, This Is the Problem”

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Eberspacher ◽  
Fabio M. Magliocca ◽  
Stefano Pontone ◽  
Pietro Mascagni ◽  
Lisa Fralleone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Wall ◽  
Muscularis Propria ◽  
Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Rectal Mucosectomy ◽  
Group B ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: Stapled hemorrhoidopexy was originally defined as a rectal mucosectomy. The aims of our retrospective, single-center study were to demonstrate if the excised specimen comprises only the mucosa or more wall rectal layers and if the latter excision should be considered a technical mistake with an increase in complications.Materials and Methods: We histopathologically analyzed surgical samples from patients who underwent stapled hemorrhoidopexy performed between 2014 and 2019. Patients were divided into three groups, according to the stapler used: Group A (single PPH®), Group B (double PPH®), and Group C (CPH34 HV™). We evaluated the actual wall layers included in the stapled rectal ring. For every specimen, we reconstructed the history of the corresponding patient and the incidence of complications.Results: Of the 137 histological slides available, 13 were only mucosectomies (9.5%), and 124 presented also the submucosa and muscularis propria (90.5%)−50/58 patients in Group A, 28/28 in Group B, and 46/51 in Group C. No statistically significant difference in the rate of complications was found when stratifying patients according to the thickness of the resection [mucosectomy (M) or “full thickness” (FT)].Discussion: Stapled hemorrhoidopexy is not a simple mucosectomy but a resection of the rectal wall with almost all its layers. This concept defines the entity of the surgical procedure and excludes a direct correlation with an increased rate of complications.

scholarly journals Acaricide activity of leaves extracts of Sambucus australis Schltdl. (Caprifoliaceae) at 2% on engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2159-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe da Silva Krawczak ◽  
Andréia Buzatti ◽  
Felipe Lamberti Pivoto ◽  
Luís Antônio Sangioni ◽  
Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Parasite Infections

Parasite infections caused by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus are responsible for the most of economic losses in producing-cattle countries in tropical and subtropical areas. Indiscriminate uses of chemical acaricides have contributed with the appearance of tick resistance to many drugs available in the marketplace, and it is a serious problem in the tick control. Flowers of Sambucus australis (South America), called "sabugueiro-from-Brazil", are used on infusions or decoctions forms in the folk medicine with diuretic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and laxative purpose, also employed for treating respiratory diseases in human. The main goal of this study was to evaluate in vitro potential of S. australis leaves extracts as an acaricide agent. Ethanol extract at 70% has been dehydrated and a fraction was suspended in 70% ethanol or in distillated water at final concentration of 2% (0.2mg-1). Using the immersion test of engorged females the efficiency results were obtained in 34% and 66% with the leaves extract diluted in water and 70% ethanol, respectively. This study is the first report on acaricidal activity of S. australis against cattle tick. Further studies to determine the active metabolites in different stages of S. australis could aid to identify suitable extracts to be tested in the R. (B.) microplus control.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the efficiency of acaricides on different populations of Rhipicephalus microplus

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. e157595
Author(s):  
Michel Menin ◽  
Carolain Xavier ◽  
Mauricio Francisco Grigolo ◽  
Kaio Fernando Molosse ◽  
Michele Helena Weirich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Control And Management

Tick infestation causes major problems in cattle. Tick parasitism accounts for significant economic losses in many beef and dairy herds in the vast majority of the states in the Brazilian territory including the State of Santa Catarina in the southern region of the country. Tick resistance to several active principles occurs due to a number of factors including the indiscriminate, injudicious and inadequate use of tick insecticides. Considering the great importance of fighting off tick infestations in cattle, we evaluated the efficiency of 8 different topical active principles against the ixodid tick R. microplus and identified the main factors that contribute to the development of ticks that are resistant to acaricides in the farms and bovine herds studied. For such purpose, R. microplus telegionae were collected in 39 farms locates in different municipalities of the West of Santa Catarina, south Brazil. At the time of sample collection, information about the management, the history of the acar used in the herd, the number of annual applications of these pesticides, the frequency of acaricide rotation, and the frequency of technical monitoring for strategic tick control were retrieved. We collected this data in order determine contributing factors to the development resistant R. microplus populations. For the sensitivity profile of these ticks to a number of different acaricides tested, 10 engorged females for each principle and a control were used. The results of our study show that most associations between pyrethroids and organophosphates had an efficiency between 96.6% and 100% in the control of R. microplus except for the combination of Alfacipermetrine 15%, Ethion 16%, and Chlorpyrifos 8.5% that had 93.4% of efficiency. Among the chemicals not associated with any other type of compound, Amitraz 12.5% ​​was effective in 98.3% of the cases. In contrast, Cypermethrin 15% had an efficiency in only 25.8% of the farms/herds analyzed. Based on the results of the present study, we may infer that the methods of control and management used by producers may be related to the low indexes of resistance to topical acaricides in the different populations of ticks in the study area.

Factor V Leiden Is Associated with Repeated and Recurrent Unexplained Fetal Losses

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 0822-0824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Grandone ◽  
Maurizio Margaglione ◽  
Donatella Colaizzo ◽  
Marina d'Addedda ◽  
Giuseppe Cappucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein C ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fv Leiden ◽  
Caucasian Women

SummaryActivated protein C resistance (APCR) is responsible for most cases of familial thrombosis. The factor V missense mutation Arg506>Gln (FV Leiden) has been recognized as the commonest cause of this condition. Recently, it has been suggested that APCR is associated with second trimester fetal loss. We investigated the distribution of FV Leiden in a sample (n = 43) of Caucasian women with a history of two or more unexplained fetal losses. A group (n = 118) of parous women with uneventful pregnancies from the same ethnical background served as control. We found the mutation in 7 cases (16.28%) and 5 controls (4.24%; p = 0.011). A statistically significant difference between women with only early fetal loss vs those with late events (p = 0.04) was observed. Our data demonstrate a strong association between FV Leiden and fetal loss. Furthermore, they indicate that late events are more common in these patients.

PCR-RFLP Detection od PAI-2 Gene Variants: Prevelence in Ethnic Groups and Disease Relationship in patients Undergoing corony Angiography

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 0955-0958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole A Foy ◽  
Peter J Grant
Keyword(s):  
Gene Variants ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Pima Indians ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
History Of ◽  
Caucasian Patients ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Rflp Assay ◽  
Coronary Atheroma

SummaryPAI-2 is a fibrinolytic inhibitor produced predominantly by monocytes. Most PAI-2 is intracellular making study in clinical conditions difficult. Abnormalities in production may be associated with inflammation and fibrinolysis at sites of tissue damage such as the atherosclerotic plaque.PAI-2 gene variants have been described: variant A consists of Asn120, Asn404 and Ser413 and variant B consists of Asp120, Lys404 and Cys413. We designed a PCR-RFLP assay using primers spanning the region containing Asn/Lys404 and Ser/Cys413. Variant B contains an Mwol restriction site. We analysed 302 Pima Indians and 286 healthy Caucasian volunteers. To investigate relationships between genotype and vascular disease we analysed 333 Caucasian patients undergoing coronary angiography.Gene variant B was more common in the Pimas than in Caucasians (p <0.0001). There was no significant difference in genotype distribution between the volunteers and patients. In the patients there was no association between genotype and either a history of MI or extent of coronary atheroma.

From the Tower of London to the Thomas More Society of Buenos Aires: “Give me thy grace, good Lord, to set the world at nought”

Moreana ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (Number 164) (4) ◽  
pp. 187-206
Author(s):  
Clare M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Short History ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
Hebrew Poetry ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Of Hours ◽  
Almost All

The Thomas More Society of Buenos Aires begins or ends almost all its events by reciting in both English and Spanish a prayer written by More in the margins of his Book of Hours probably while he was a prisoner in the Tower of London. After a short history of what is called Thomas More’s Prayer Book, the author studies the prayer as a poem written in the form of a psalm according to the structure of Hebrew poetry, and looks at the poem’s content as a psalm of lament.

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