scholarly journals Subterranean Acoustic Activity Patterns of Vitacea polistiformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in Relation to Abiotic and Biotic Factors

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edidiong I. Inyang ◽  
Raymond L. Hix ◽  
Violeta Tsolova ◽  
Barukh B. Rohde ◽  
Omotola Dosunmu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Restricted Area ◽  
Acoustic Activity ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
The Us ◽  
Acoustic Surveys ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Acoustic Variation

Grape root borer (GRB), Vitacea polistiformis, is a root-feeding pest of grapevines in the US southeast that causes underground damage well before vines show visible symptoms. A 269-d study was conducted at 31 sites in a Florida vineyard to record short bursts of insect movement and feeding vibrations in grapevine root systems and provide information that can improve timing and targeting of GRB management efforts. Characteristic spectral and temporal patterns in the subterranean vibrations facilitated discrimination of GRB from background noise and non-targeted arthropods. Infestation likelihood of GRB at each site was estimated from previous studies relating infestation to burst rate. In all, 39% of recordings indicated low infestation likelihood. Sites with medium or high infestation likelihood were confined to a small region of the vineyard where a vine with larval feeding damage was confirmed. The restricted area suggests that the biological control or chemical treatments could be reduced elsewhere. Acoustic activity was significantly greater in fall and winter than in spring, and greater in evening than afternoon; fall evenings seemed best for GRB acoustic surveys. The GRB seasonal and circadian acoustic variation reflected phenological variation in grape root growth and nutrients and was not significantly correlated with temperature.

Cultural Capital and the Tribal Diabetes Prevention Programs

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolette Teufel-Shone
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Alaskan Natives ◽  
Indian Health ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Since 1998, the US Congress has funded the Special Diabetes Programs for American Indians and Alaskan Natives (SDPI). These funds are administered by the Indian Health Service (IHS) and have been awarded to more than 330 IHS, tribal, and urban Indian health programs in thirty-five states to build or enhance diabetes mellitus (DM) treatment and prevention programs. Over the past thirteen years, these community-directed programs have emerged as models of intervention creativity, innovation, and persistence, with program staff drawing on their cultural capital to design culturally acceptable and locally relevant strategies. These programs have achieved measurable change in Native peoples' knowledge of the diabetes risk factors, access to much needed DM related services, and in some cases, helped reduce rates of DM-related morbidity and mortality. Yet, perhaps their greatest influence has been in understanding and shaping the context of behavioral change and in promoting normative shifts in food choices, activity patterns, DM screening, and DM self-management. Systematic qualitative data collection has not played a prominent role in the evaluation of the SDPI programs, and subsequently the role of cultural capital and the subtle normative shifts over the course of the SDPI programs have not been documented. This article offers a review of the qualitative accomplishments of the SDPI programs and some methodological suggestions for capturing the impact of cultural capital.

Autumn flight activity of the greater horseshoe bat at hibernacula

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinglei Jiang ◽  
Xiaobin Huang ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
Hongjun Lin ◽  
Joseph Hoyt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Rhinolophus Ferrumequinum ◽  
Acoustic Surveys ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Detailed Record ◽  
Horseshoe Bats ◽  
Vespertilionid Bats ◽  
Swarming Behaviour

The activity patterns of vespertilionid bats at the entrances of hibernacula in temperate zones have been investigated on many occasions. However, little is known about nocturnal flight activity in autumn and its function in horseshoe bats so far. Here, we have recorded the autumn flight activity in and around the entrances of hibernacula of greater horseshoe bats,Rhinolophus ferrumequinumby behavioural observations, mistnetting, and acoustic surveys for two consecutive years. Greater horseshoe bats not only chased each other around cave entrances but also entered and left the entrance frequently. However, no mating events were directly observed in this study, normally a prominent part of swarming behaviour in vespertilionids. Therefore, it is difficult to deduce the function of the autumn flight activity of the greater horseshoe bats at hibernacula from the present data. Additionally, the recorded flight activity was positively correlated with ambient temperature and humidity. To our knowledge, our study provides the first detailed record of the pattern of autumn flight activity in horseshoe bats, and suggests that weather conditions may impact the bats’ nocturnal flight activity.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Dental Caries and the Salivary Proline-Rich Proteins

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Levine
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Chromosome 12 ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
The Us ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries affects 28% of children aged 2–6 in the US and is not decreasing. There is a well-recognized need to identify susceptible children at birth. Caries-free adults neutralize bacterial acids in dental biofilms better than adults with severe caries. Saliva contains acidic and basic proline-rich proteins (PRPs) which attach to oral streptococci. The PRPs are encoded within a small region of chromosome 12. An acidic PRP allele (Db) protects Caucasian children from caries but is more common in African Americans. Some basic PRP allelic phenotypes have a three-fold greater frequency in caries-free adults than in those with severe caries. Early childhood caries may associate with an absence of certain basic PRP alleles which bind oral streptococci, neutralize biofilm acids, and are in linkage disequilibrium with Db in Caucasians. The encoding of basic PRP alleles is updated and a new technology for genotyping them is described.

scholarly journals Second-generation Persians’ Participation in the Oklahoma Dialect

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Dokhtzeynal
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Speech Styles ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
Social Affiliations ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vowel Systems ◽  
Acoustic Variation ◽  
Linguistic Influences

Vowel systems are a rich source of information about speakers’ social affiliations and linguistic influences. With the purpose of contributing to recent dialect investigations of immigrant communities inside the US, this study examined the acoustics of bilingual Persian-Oklahomans and their participation in Oklahoma dialect features. Twenty Oklahoma-born second-generation Persian-Americans were compared to ten monolingual European-Oklahomans with respect to their production of local dialect features. Results showed similar vowel spaces between the groups indicating that second-generation Persian-Oklahomans participated in the local mix of Southern and Midland features, with one notable exception: they did not display the pin/pen merger, a feature of Southern dialects. Similar studies on European-Oklahoman speakers suggested a uniform presence of pin/pen merger among Research on the Dialects of English in Oklahoma (RODEO) project respondents. However, Persian-Oklahomans’ productions of these vowels were consistently unmerged across the continuum of speech styles. Accordingly, this study argues for a connection between this acoustic variation and speakers’ demographic traits, make-up of social network, and heritage Farsi despite their frequent contact with the merger and their rich social network with middle-class European-Oklahoman speakers of the Oklahoma dialect.

scholarly journals Bat Ensembles Differ in Response to Use Zones in a Tropical Biosphere Reserve

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Natalie Yoh ◽  
Isham Azhar ◽  
Katheryn V. Fitzgerald ◽  
Rieka Yu ◽  
Tenaja Smith-Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Acoustic Activity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Acoustic Surveys ◽  
Economic Landscape ◽  
Bat Diversity

Biosphere reserves, designated under The United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) Man and Biosphere Programme, aim to sustainably integrate protected areas into the biological and economic landscape around them by buffering strictly protected habitats with zones of limited use. However, the effectiveness of biosphere reserves and the contribution of the different zones of use to protection is poorly known. We assessed the diversity and activity of bats in the Crocker Range Biosphere Reserve (CRBR) in Sabah, Malaysia, using harp traps, mist nets and acoustic surveys in each zone—core, buffer, transition and in agricultural plots outside of the reserve. We captured 30 species, bringing the known bat fauna of CRBR to 50 species, half of Borneo’s bat species. Species composition and acoustic activity varied among zones and by foraging ensemble, with the core and buffer showing particular importance for conserving forest-dependent insectivorous bats. Frugivorous bats were found in all zones but were the most abundant and most species-rich ensemble within agricultural sites. Although sampling was limited, bat diversity and activity was low in the transition zone compared to other zones, indicating potential for management practices that increase food availability and enhance biodiversity value. We conclude that, collectively, the zones of the CRBR effectively protect diversity, but the value of the transition zone can be improved.

scholarly journals Contemporary Intra-Core Relations and World Systems Theory

2004 ◽  
pp. 471-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gowan
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Small Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World Systems ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Us ◽  
Core Dynamics ◽  
Capitalist World

This paper focuses upon one small region of World-Systems Theory (wst) but one that is important for analysis of the contemporary world: the dynamics of intra-core relations.I will try to address three questions: 1. Does the wst theory of the historically cyclical patterns of intra-core relations provide us with a persuasive framework for understanding contemporary core dynamics? 2. More specifically can the reach and depth of the power of the United States within the contemporary core be captured by wst’s theory of capitalist hegemons and their rise and decline? 3. Is wst’s insistence that its concept of core-wide world empires cannot be established in the modern world system valid? In addressing these issues, I will begin by outlining the general approach of wst to the analysis of intra-core relations, focusing in particular upon wst’s concept of core hegemons and their rise and fall. I will then look at the arguments of wst as to why a capitalist world empire is impossible. I will then go on to examine how we might conceive of the victory of a World-Empire. And I will then turn to examine the contending situation and the character of the power of the US today.

scholarly journals BLUEBERRY RESEARCH IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF CHINA

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 502C-502
Author(s):  
Yu Hong ◽  
D. Creech ◽  
Wang Chuanyong ◽  
Gu Yin ◽  
He Shanan
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Southern Highbush

Blueberries are now the hot point of fruit development in China. Researches conducted in the past since 1980s include mainly introduction and propagation. More than 30 cultivars of rabbiteye blueberries and southern highbush blueberries were introduced successfully in the Nanjing Botanical garden in late 1980s. For dormant cuttings of 4 rabbiteye blueberry cultivars Gardenblue, Tifblue, Climax, and Premier the rooting percentage could reach 84%, 52%, 62%, and 79% respectively under interrupted misting. Lignification of the cuttings seemed the key point for rooting. For soft cuttings the rooting percentage can reach 90% to 95% with chemical treatments. Seedling selection has been conducted and some promising individuals are under observation. So far, there were little experiments on cultural practice under taken. But looking at the difference of soils between the blueberry growing areas in the US and China it seems that there are a series of aspects should be researched in the future.

scholarly journals Exploring the Effects of E-Cigarettes using Drosophila Melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Dosi ◽  
Jennifer Lambert-Peloquin
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Us ◽  
Phenotypic Mutation ◽  
Parent Generation ◽  
F1 Generation

Although the number of vaping-related deaths in the US is rising, the specific cause remains unidentified. Therefore, determining what long-term effects vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG), the main non-nicotine components in e-cigarettes, may have is crucial. Discovering that these components are harmful when tested on fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), a model organism, may suggest similar effects in humans. In this study, the number of offspring, changes in behavior, and phenotypic mutations in fruit flies were observed for the parent, F1, and F2 generations after the parent generation was exposed to one of four treatments of aerosolized solution. These included a 50% PG/50% VG, a 30% PG/70% VG, a 70% PG/30% VG, or no solution (control) using a nebulizer for 18 seconds each day, for two days. It was found that each experimental group had fewer offspring than the control. A two-sample T-test (α = 0.05) was used to find that the size of the flies in the F1 generation was statistically significantly smaller in ⅔ of the experimental groups when compared to the control. Furthermore, it was observed using a two-proportion Z-test (α = 0.05) that ⅔ of experimental groups in the parent generation, and all F1 experimental groups were statistically significantly more likely to develop at least one phenotypic mutation than the control. Additionally statistically significant changes were seen in activity patterns and reflex immediately after exposure. Overall, it is probable that exposure to aerosolized VG and PG is a major problem. Although the number of vaping-related deaths in the US is rising, the specific cause remains unidentified. Therefore, determining what long-term effects vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG), the main non-nicotine components in e-cigarettes, may have is crucial. Discovering that these components are harmful when tested on fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), a model organism, may suggest similar effects in humans. In this study, the number of offspring, changes in behavior, and phenotypic mutations in fruit flies were observed for the parent, F1, and F2 generations after the parent generation were exposed to one of four treatments of aerosolized solution. These included a 50% PG/50% VG, a 30% PG/70% VG, a 70% PG/30% VG, or no solution (control) using a nebulizer for 18 seconds each day, for two days. It was found that each experimental group had fewer offspring than the control. A two-sample T-test (α = 0.05) was used to find that the size of the flies in the F1 generation was statistically significantly smaller in ⅔ of the experimental groups when compared to the control. Furthermore, it was observed using a two-proportion Z-test (α = 0.05) that ⅔ of experimental groups in the parent generation, and all F1 experimental groups were statistically significantly more likely to develop at least one phenotypic mutation than the control. Additionally statistically significant changes were seen in activity patterns and reflex immediately after exposure. Overall, it is probable that exposure to aerosolized VG and PG is a major problem.

Perceptions of Neighborhood Sidewalks on Walking and Physical Activity Patterns in a Southeastern Community in the US

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian A. Reed ◽  
Dawn K. Wilson ◽  
Barbara E. Ainsworth ◽  
Heather Bowles ◽  
Gary Mixon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Physical Activity Patterns ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
The Us ◽  
Stratified Sample

Background:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between perceptions of neighborhood sidewalks and race, and walking and physical activity (PA) patterns in a southeastern US community.Methods:A telephone survey was administered to a stratified sample of adults (N = 1148). Physical activity was categorized according to the CDC/ACSM recommendations. Respondents were also asked if they walked for at least 10 min at a time for recreation, exercise, transportation, or while at work.Results:A greater proportion (44%) of respondents who reported having neighborhood sidewalks were irregular walkers (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.13, 3.11). For whites, (but not for non-whites) the perceived presence of sidewalks increased the odds for meeting recommended PA levels (P < 0.05; OR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.05, 12.24).Conclusions:Presence of neighborhood sidewalks was related to irregular walking levels of respondents. Sidewalk presence was related to PA in whites, but was not related to activity patterns of non-whites.

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