scholarly journals Bat Ensembles Differ in Response to Use Zones in a Tropical Biosphere Reserve

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Natalie Yoh ◽  
Isham Azhar ◽  
Katheryn V. Fitzgerald ◽  
Rieka Yu ◽  
Tenaja Smith-Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Acoustic Activity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Acoustic Surveys ◽  
Economic Landscape ◽  
Bat Diversity

Biosphere reserves, designated under The United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) Man and Biosphere Programme, aim to sustainably integrate protected areas into the biological and economic landscape around them by buffering strictly protected habitats with zones of limited use. However, the effectiveness of biosphere reserves and the contribution of the different zones of use to protection is poorly known. We assessed the diversity and activity of bats in the Crocker Range Biosphere Reserve (CRBR) in Sabah, Malaysia, using harp traps, mist nets and acoustic surveys in each zone—core, buffer, transition and in agricultural plots outside of the reserve. We captured 30 species, bringing the known bat fauna of CRBR to 50 species, half of Borneo’s bat species. Species composition and acoustic activity varied among zones and by foraging ensemble, with the core and buffer showing particular importance for conserving forest-dependent insectivorous bats. Frugivorous bats were found in all zones but were the most abundant and most species-rich ensemble within agricultural sites. Although sampling was limited, bat diversity and activity was low in the transition zone compared to other zones, indicating potential for management practices that increase food availability and enhance biodiversity value. We conclude that, collectively, the zones of the CRBR effectively protect diversity, but the value of the transition zone can be improved.

LAND USE AND LAND DEGRADATION ISSUES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE UNESCO “MAN & BIOSPHERE” PROGRAMME

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. KUST ◽  
◽  
O.V. ANDREEVA ◽  
V.A. LOBKOVSKIY ◽  
V.D. SLAVKO
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Aichi Biodiversity Targets

A brief historical overview of approaches to study the problem of land use and land degradation in the MAB UNESCO program is provided. Over the past 50 years these issues remain important although the general strategic approach to their research and solving has changed from a multilateral study of land management and land degradation in different geographic and socio-economic conditions with an emphasis on natural diversity, to practices and approaches of sustainable land management in biosphere reserves, as reflected in MAB Strategy (2015-2025) and Lima Action Plan (2016-2025). Many of the MAB initiatives in the field of sustainable land management and combating land degradation have been further reflected and revised in different international programs and conventions. The development of these approaches and the integration of the MAB program with other modern activities can significantly increase the effectiveness of the results of Strategic Direction “A” of the Lima Action Plan on the use of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves as models for sustainable development. Five objectives are proposed for closer cooperation of the MAB program and its network of biosphere reserves with other international and national measures for promoting sustainable land management practices and combating land degradation: 1) using biosphere reserves as priority sites and observatories for comparative assessments of indicators of land degradation neutrality (LDN) for protected areas and adjacent territories in similar bioclimatic conditions; 2) use of data obtained through the series of observations in the territory of protected areas as the most important additional or alternative indicators and measures for the LDN interpretation; 3) biosphere reserves as models for selecting effective solutions reflecting the triad of adaptive actions to avoid degradation, reduce the rate of degradation and restore previously degraded lands; 4) achieving LDN on the territory of biosphere reserves through the implementation of the Aichi biodiversity targets; 5) the use of LDN as a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of biosphere reserves. Preliminary results of the LDN assessment for Central Chernozem State Natural Biosphere Reserve and Middle Volga Integrated Biosphere Reserve and their adjacent territories provided to demonstrate the possibility of performing some of the objectives listed.

scholarly journals Management of Biosphere Reserves in Vietnam: Status and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Hieu ◽  
Dang Thi Thanh Thuy ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Nam
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Organizational Management ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Local Levels

Vietnam has the second largest number of biosphere reserves (BRs) in Southeast Asia with 9 BRs, covering over 4.3 million hectares. Based on the specific conditions of each locality, some BRs have implemented a number of activities for sustainable management. However, there have been certain challenges to the effective management of BRs in Vietnam. This paper analyzes these challenges, including management policy aspect, organizational management, organizational management practices, and resources for management. The analysis results show that the term of BR has not yet been institutionalized in the national legal system as a unified management entity. In addition, the management structure and plan of the biosphere reserve is not consistent and not fully delineated at both national and local levels. The development and implementation of plans, coordination, cooperation and information sharing among key stakeholders at the BRs are inadequate. Moreover, there is difficulty in achieving the best results in implementing these activities and resources for management are still insufficient, especially human and financial resources.

scholarly journals Bird diversity in transition zone of Taka Bonerate, Kepulauan Selayar Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-823
Author(s):  
RADISTI A PRAPTIWI ◽  
RONNA SAAB ◽  
TATANG MITRA SETIA ◽  
GUSTI WICAKSONO ◽  
PRAWESTI WULANDARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Initial Attempt

Abstract. Praptiwi RA, Saab R, Setia TM, Wicaksono G, Wulandari P, Sugardjito J. 2019. Bird diversity in transition zone of Taka Bonerate, Kepulauan Selayar Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 819-823.   Conservation management in the buffer and transition zones of Biosphere Reserves play an important role in ensuring enhanced core zone protection. Tambolongan and Polassi are two islands located in the administrative region of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and part of the transition zone area of UNESCO’s Taka Bonerate-Kepulauan Selayar (TBKS) Biosphere Reserve (BR). These two islands can be considered as some of the most populated islands in the region, containing a variety of human activities. These human activities, such as the ever expanding agriculture and the building of human habitation have put pressures toward ecosystem and species conservation in the BR. Bird are often the focus of conservation efforts, due to their roles in supporting the ecological functioning of their habitats. This study aims to provide baseline data of bird diversity in Tambolongan and Polassi that can be used as a proxy indicator of ecosystem health and input to conservation strategies within the BR area. A Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method is used to examine bird diversity index. Results from the observation recorded a total of 29 species were found in both islands, with 5 listed as protected species and 3 categorized as migratory species. The comparison between the two islands showed that the bird diversity index (H’) differs only slightly (H’Tambolongan=2.98; H’Polassi=2.71). This study provided the initial attempt in understanding the role of habitats or land cover types, guild types and human interferences in determining the diversity of bird population - and related ecosystem health - in the area. Such knowledge is essential in providing the information necessary for sustainable management practices. This work represents the first study to inventorize avian species diversity in the transition zone of TBKS BR.

KAVKAZSKIY NATURE BIOSPHERE RESERVE: 40 YEARS IN MAB UNESCO PROGRAMME. HISTORY, RESULTS AND PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.B. ESKIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Large Core ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Buffer Area ◽  
The Core ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Science And Research

In 1978, the Kavkazskiy Nature Biosphere Reserve became part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves of UNESCO’s ‘Man and the Biosphere’ Programme. The goals, objectives and requirements for biosphere reserves have changed significantly over these 40 years. In this regard, the Kavkazskiy Biosphere Reserve ceased to meet these requirements. From the standpoint of present requirements, the structure of this Biosphere Reserve is disproportional: a very large core area with a disjunctive buffer area and the lack of a transition area. Since 1978 and up to the present day, the Kavkazskiy Biosphere Reserve has only possessed two functions of the whole range of those typical of biosphere reserves: the protection and the science and research support, which it qualitatively fulfils. It is both expedient and possible to eliminate discrepancies in the structure and functioning of the Kavkazskiy Biosphere Reserve with up-to-date requirements in the case of its expansion by means of forming a continuous buffer area and a transition area around the core area (the present Kavkazskiy Biosphere Reserve). The paper proposes a new structure of the Kavkazskiy Biosphere Reserve and describes the main results and prospects of its functioning.

scholarly journals Heading forward to the "Mura-Drava-Danube transboundary biosphere reserve"

2014 ◽  
pp. 267-279
Author(s):  
Milos Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Danube River Basin

At ministry assembly in Budapest in March 2011, republics such as Austria, Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia and Serbia, were signatories of common Declaration on the preparation of the establishment of the ?Mura - Drava - Danube Transboundary Biosphere Reserve?(MDD-TBR). Even though this document does not have obligatory character for states that signed it, this declaration represents the obvious course these states will follow in order to improve their cooperation. Beside political, economic, cultural and other well developed forms of cooperation, a multilateral cooperation emerges within the areas of conservation, protection and improvement of flora and fauna of the Danube and rivers Drava and Mura that belong to The Danube River Basin. In this article the author provided a short review of basic international legal documents that refer to Biosphere Reserves regarding specifically the overall Danube Strategy by European Union and belonging Action Plane to Danube Strategy. The author analyzed the paramount clauses of Declaration MDD - TBR, with intention to reveal this little known document to scientific and professional public. In that sense, the principles for selecting the actual biosphere reserve have become a priority as well as the elemental objectives a biosphere reserve should accomplish and its spatial organization.

scholarly journals Algae of biological soil crusts from sand dunes of the Danube Delta biosphere reserve (Odesa Region, Ukraine)

Algologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-62
Author(s):  
T.I. Mikhailyuk ◽  
◽  
O.M. Vinogradova ◽  
K. Glaser ◽  
N. Rybalka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Biological Soil Crusts ◽  
Danube Delta ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Soil Crusts ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve

The species composition of algae from biological soil crusts (biocrusts) on the surface of sand dunes (Black Sea coast, Primorske, Izmail District, Odesa Region, Ukraine) was investigated. Samples were collected from three coastal localities: Katranivska Spit, Zhebryianska Bay and Zhebryianska Ridge. The latter two localities are in the territory of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve. The samples were investigated by direct microscopy, followed by a culture approach. 60 species from Chlorophyta (32), Cyanobacteria (16), Streptophyta (7) and Ochrophyta (5) were identified. Representatives of the cyanobacterial genera Microcoleus Desmazières ex Gomont, Coleofasciculus M.Siegesmund, J.R.Johansen & T.Friedl, Nostoc Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault, Hassallia Berkeley ex Bornet & Flahault, and streptophytes from the genus Klebsormidium P.C.Silva, Mattox & W.H.Blackwell dominated in the studied biocrusts. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S/18S rRNA as well as 16S-23S ITS/ITS-1,2 regions were undertaken for some strains of cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae. As a result, species identification and their position in respective phylogeny was refined, as well as aiding the discovery of some interesting and rare species. New genera and species were described (Streptosarcina arenaria Mikhailyuk & Lukešová and Tetradesmus arenicola Mikhailyuk & P.Tsarenko); with two genera (Nodosilinea R.B.Perkerson & D.A.Casamatta and Pleurastrosarcina H.J.Sluiman & P.C.J.Blommers) and four species reported for the first time for the flora of Ukraine (Nodosilinea epilithica Perkerson & Casamatta, Pseudomuriella aurantiaca (W.Vischer) N.Hanagata, Pleurochloris meiringensis Vischer, Pleurastrosarcina terriformae Darienko, W.J.Kang, Orzechowski & Pröschold). Comparison of the results from this study with similar investigations at Cape Kazantip (Sea of Azov, Ukraine) and at two islands of the Baltic Sea (Rügen, Usedom, Germany) revealed that sand composition and texture, as well as climate type of the respective region, are the main factors determining species composition of algae and cyanobacteria in biocrusts of maritime dunes.

scholarly journals Wave velocities in the earth's core

1958 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-314
Author(s):  
B. Gutenberg
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Earth’S Core ◽  
Earth's Core ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wave Velocities

Abstract More than 700 seismograms of 39 shocks recorded mainly in southern California at epicentral distances between 105 and 140 degrees are used to investigate records of phases which have penetrated the earth's core. Properties of PKIKP, SKP, SKIKP, PKS, and PKIKS are discussed. Portions of travel-time curves of these phases are revised. Travel times of waves starting and ending at the surface of the core, and wave velocities in the core, are recalculated. Between about 1,500 and 1,200 km. from the earth's center in the transition zone from the liquid outer to the probably solid inner core, waves having lengths of the order of 10 km. travel faster than longer waves. This is probably caused by a rather rapid increase in viscosity toward the earth's center in this transition zone.

scholarly journals Long-term challenge to mangrove in the National park Xuanthuy – data released from shallow subsidence monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Xuan Thuyen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
National Park ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red River ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
The Core

A small mangrove colony growing for several decades on a mud flat on the left side of Balat River mouth has become today a large and healthy forest, containing a high ecosystem service value in the core of the Red River biosphere reserve. As a pioneer ecosystem located at land– water interface in the tropic, there exist always risks to mangroves, especially due to climate change and sea level rise. Sea level rise is a worldwide process, but subsidence is a local problem that can exacerbate these geo-hazards. A monitoring of shallow subsidence has been carried out by using SET-MH technique (developed by the United States Geological Survey) to track the both accretion and land sinking in the core zone of the National Park. The measurement shows the average sedimentation rate of 2.9 cm / yr and the sinking rate of 3.4 cm / yr, since Dec. 30th 2012. This is the first ground-based observation of shallow subsidence under mangroves in the Tonkin Gulf. As a simple and low cost method, so further expansion of this monitoring could provide more useful information to help identify the generally sinking trend of coastal areas in the Red River Delta and also to protect its own biosphere reserve.

scholarly journals Environmental filtering and spillover explain multi-species edge responses across agricultural boundaries in a biosphere reserve

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van Schalkwyk ◽  
J. S. Pryke ◽  
M. J. Samways ◽  
R. Gaigher
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract To ensure integrity of protected areas we need to understand how species respond to anthropogenic borders. We investigate, from a metacommunity perspective, the direct and indirect mechanisms by which transformed areas affect distribution patterns of ground-living arthropod assemblages inhabiting an extensive protected area adjacent to fruit orchards in an important biosphere reserve. Arthropods and environmental variables were sampled along transects perpendicular to natural-orchard edges. Influence of distance from orchard boundary, degree of impermeability of the boundary, orchard habitat quality (local scale land-use intensity), and edge-induced changes in local environmental variables on arthropod species richness and composition in non-crop habitats were assessed. Arthropod groups were assessed in terms of habitat fidelity: species associated with natural habitat (stenotopic species), those within crop habitat (cultural species), and those showing no preference for either habitat (ubiquitous species). Spillover resulted in higher cultural species richness near edges, but not higher overall species richness. Environmental filtering was important for stenotopic species composition, which was influenced by edge-induced changes in environmental variables. Ubiquitous species composition was determined by orchard impermeability. Increased orchard habitat quality was associated with higher cultural and ubiquitous species richness. The effects of orchards on assemblages in natural habitats can be variable, but predictable when using species habitat specificity in conjunction with a metacommunity framework. High intensity orchards may act as sink habitats, especially for species that readily disperse between crop and natural habitats. Here we recommend that local buffer strips are > 85 m wide, which will reduce the influence of cultural species spillover on sensitive natural ecosystems.

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