scholarly journals Chemosensory Gene Families in the Oligophagous Pear Pest Cacopsylla chinensis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Wei Xu ◽  
Xiu-Yun Zhu ◽  
Qiu-Jie Chao ◽  
Yong-Jie Zhang ◽  
Yu-Xia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Chemosensory Gene ◽  
Chemosensory Genes ◽  
Male Head ◽  
Chemosensory Systems ◽  
Odorant Binding

Chemosensory systems play an important role in insect behavior, and some key associated genes have potential as novel targets for pest control. Cacopsylla chinensis is an oligophagous pest and has become one of the main pests of pear trees, but little is known about the molecular-level means by which it locates its hosts. In this study, we assembled the head transcriptome of C. chinensis using Illumina sequencing, and 63,052 Unigenes were identified. A total of 36 candidate chemosensory genes were identified, including five different families: 12 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 11 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 7 odorant receptors (ORs), 4 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 2 gustatory receptors (GRs). The number of chemosensory gene families is consistent with that found in other Hemipteran species, indicating that our approach successfully obtained the chemosensory genes of C. chinensis. The tissue expression of all genes using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) found that some genes displayed male head, female head, or nymph-biased specific/expression. Our results enrich the gene inventory of C. chinensis and provide valuable resources for the analysis of the functions of some key genes. This will help in developing molecular targets for disrupting feeding behavior in C. chinensis.

scholarly journals Identification and Expression Profile of Chemosensory Genes in the Small Hive Beetle Aethina tumida

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Lixian Wu ◽  
Xin Zhai ◽  
Liangbin Li ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Aethina Tumida ◽  
Chemosensory Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Odorant Binding

Aethina tumida is a parasite and predator of honeybee causing severe loss to the bee industry. No effective and environmentally friendly methods are available to control this pest at present. Chemosensory genes play key roles in insect behavior which can potentially be used as targets for developing environmentally friendly pest control agents. In this study, the putative chemosensory genes in antennae and forelegs of A. tumida involved in olfaction or contact chemical communication of adults were investigated using RNA transcriptome sequencing and PCR methods. Based on transcriptomic data, unigenes encoding 38 odorant receptors (ORs), 24 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 14 gustatory receptors (GRs), 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 29 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and 22 chemosensory proteins (CSPs) were identified. The analyses of tissue expression profiles revealed that genes encoding 38 ORs, 13 antennal IRs, 11 GRs, 1 SNMP, 24 OBPs, and 12 CSPs were predominately expressed in antennae. No significant differences in expression levels of these genes were found between males and females. Genes encoding 5 non-NMDA iGluRs, 3 GRs, 2 SNMPs, 5 OBPs, and 12 CSPs were predominately expressed in forelegs. RT-PCR assays for SNMPs, OBPs and CSPs further revealed that 3 OBPs (AtumOBP3, 26 and 28) and 3 CSPs (AtumCSP7, 8 and 21) were highly expressed in antennae. Our results enrich the gene inventory of A. tumida and facilitate the discovery of potential novel targets for developing new pest control measures.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis and Characterization of Chemosensory Genes in the Forest Pest, Dioryctria abietella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Quan Wang ◽  
Chun Wu ◽  
Gen-Ceng Li ◽  
Shu-Mei Nuo ◽  
Ning-Na Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Neuron Membrane ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Chemosensory Gene ◽  
Chemosensory Genes ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Odorant Binding

In Lepidoptera, RNA sequencing has become a useful tool in identifying chemosensory genes from antennal transcriptomes, but little attention is paid to non-antennal tissues. Though the antennae are primarily responsible for olfaction, studies have found that a certain number of chemosensory genes are exclusively or highly expressed in the non-antennal tissues, such as proboscises, legs and abdomens. In this study, we report a global transcriptome of 16 tissues from Dioryctria abietella, including chemosensory and non-chemosensory tissues. Through Illumina sequencing, totally 952,658,466 clean reads were generated, summing to 142.90 gigabases of data. Based on the transcriptome, 235 chemosensory-related genes were identified, comprising 42 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 23 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 75 odorant receptors (ORs), 62 gustatory receptors (GRs), 30 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Compared to a previous study in this species, 140 novel genes were found. A transcriptome-wide analysis combined with PCR results revealed that except for GRs, the majority of other five chemosensory gene families in Lepidoptera were expressed in the antennae, including 160 chemosensory genes in D. abietella. Using phylogenetic and expression profiling analyses, members of the six chemosensory gene repertoires were characterized, in which 11 DabiORs were candidates for detecting female sex pheromones in D. abietella, and DabiOR23 may be involved in the sensing of plant-derived phenylacetaldehyde. Intriguingly, more than half of the genes were detected in the proboscises, and one fourth of the genes were found to have the expression in the legs. Our study not only greatly extends and improves the description of chemosensory genes in D. abietella, but also identifies potential molecular targets involved in olfaction, gustation and non-chemosensory functions for control of this pest.

scholarly journals Identification of Chemosensory Genes Based on the Antennal Transcriptomic Analysis of Plagiodera versicolora

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Liu ◽  
Na Tong ◽  
Zheran Wu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Meiqi Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Plagiodera Versicolora ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Chemosensory Genes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Chemosensory Systems

Insects can sense surrounding chemical signals by their accurate chemosensory systems. This system plays a vital role in the life history of insects. Several gene families participate in chemosensory processes, including odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), gustatory receptors (GRs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a leaf-eating forest pest found in salicaceous trees worldwide. In this study, a transcriptome analysis of male and female adult antennae in P. versicolora individuals was conducted, which identified a total of 98 candidate chemosensory genes including 40 ORs, 7 IRs, 13 GRs, 10 CSPs, 24 OBPs, and 4 SNMPs. Subsequently, the tissue expression profiles of 15 P. versicolora OBPs (PverOBPs) and 39 ORs (PverORs) were conducted by quantitative real-time PCR. The data showed that almost all PverOBPs and PverORs were highly expressed in the male and female antennae. In addition, several OBPs and ORs (PverOBP10, PverOBP12, PverOBP18, PverOR24, and PverOR35) had higher expression levels in female antennae than those in the male antennae, indicating that these genes may be taking part in some female-specific behaviors, such as find mates, oviposition site, etc. This study deeply promotes further understanding of the chemosensory system and functional studies of the chemoreception genes in P. versicolora.

scholarly journals Whole-genome identification of chemosensory genes in two sister blister beetles provides insights into chemosensory evolution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanming Wu ◽  
Yang-Yang Liu ◽  
Xiang-Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Chemosensory Gene ◽  
Chemosensory Genes ◽  
Specific Expansion ◽  
Blister Beetle

Abstract Background: Commonly known as blister beetles or Spanish fly, there are more than 1,500 species in the Meloidae family (Coleoptera:Tenebrionoidea) that produce the potent defensive blistering agent cantharidin, which has recently been exploited for cancer therapy. Hycleus cichorii and Hycleus phaleratus are exploited as traditional Chinese medicine over 2,000 years due to their ability to biosynthesize cantharidin. These blister beetles share highly similar environments and ecological niches. To understand the role of the chemosensory system in speciation and evolution in the beetles, we identified the chemosensory gene families in whole genome of both blister beetle comprehensively. Results: We identified 29 OBPs, 10 CSPs, 116 ORs, 80 GRs, and 35 IRs in H. phaleratus and 30 OBPs, 10 CSPs, 191 ORs, 92 GRs and 42 IRs in H. cichorii. The 7 groups of beetles’ ORs were recovered, but a new pattern of ORs in Coleoptera were surfaced, due to lack of whole OR repertoire for comparison to T. castaneum before. The OR number is varied, identified in H. cichorii 64% more than that in H. phaleratus (191 VS 116), which maybe an evolution event between these blister beetle’s speciation. A major Hycleus-specific expansion clade of bitter GRs is evident based on our phylogenetic tree, in which, clustered more than 50% Hycleus-bitter GRs. All the ten clade of beetles’ antennal IR identified in both Hycleus beetles. Interestingly, IR75 and IR41a were obviously expensed compare to other insects. Conclusions: The GR and IR expansion events may promote Hycleus genus evolution. Our data will provide a basis for future species protection and speciation focusing on the blister beetle.

Identification of chemosensory gene families in Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mory Mandiana Diakite ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Suliman Ali ◽  
Man-Qun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Chemosensory Gene ◽  
Long Reads ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
Odorant Binding

AbstractChemoreception is a key process for insects. Odorant messages diffuse through the air and are translated into physiological signals by chemosensory receptor neurons in sensilla that are mainly located on insect antennae. We sequenced the antenna transcriptome of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), which is a serious pest of stored grains throughout regions with warm climates, and performed transcriptome analysis on R. dominica antennae. We obtained 57 million 90-base pair-long reads that we assembled into 37 877 unigenes with a mean size of 1007 base pairs. Predicted protein sequences were matched with Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (79.1%), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1.7%), Megachile rotundata (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) (1.3%), Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (1.2%), and other (16.7%) homologues. In chemosensory gene families, we identified transcripts that encoded the following putative genes: 12 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), four pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs), eight chemosensory proteins (CSPs), five sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), six odorant receptors, and eight ionotropic receptors. The diversity of the predicted OBPs, PBPs, and CSPs are also discussed. These findings will advance our understanding of olfaction process by this pest.

scholarly journals Antennal transcriptome analysis and identification of candidate chemosensory genes of the harlequin ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Rondoni ◽  
Alessandro Roman ◽  
Camille Meslin ◽  
Nicolas Montagné ◽  
Eric Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Harlequin Ladybird ◽  
Chemosensory Gene ◽  
Chemosensory Genes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Odorant Binding

AbstractIn predatory ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), antennae are important for chemosensory reception used during food and mate location, and for finding a suitable oviposition habitat. Based on NextSeq 550 Illumina sequencing, we assembled the antennal transcriptome of mated Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) males and females and described the first chemosensory gene repertoire expressed in this species. We annotated candidate chemosensory sequences encoding 26 odorant receptors (including the coreceptor, Orco), 17 gustatory receptors, 27 ionotropic receptors, 31 odorant-binding proteins, 12 chemosensory proteins and 4 sensory neuron membrane proteins. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analyses allowed to assign candidate H. axyridis chemosensory genes to previously described groups in each of these families. Differential expression analysis between males and females revealed low variability between sexes, possibly reflecting the known absence of relevant sexual dimorphism in the structure of the antennae and in the distribution and abundance of the sensilla. However, we revealed significant differences in expression of three chemosensory genes, namely 2 male-biased odorant-binding proteins and 1 male-biased odorant receptor, suggesting their possible involvement in pheromone detection. Our data pave the way for improving the understanding of the molecular basis of chemosensory reception in Coccinellidae.SummaryThe predatory harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) has been widely released for classical and augmentative biological control programs of insect herbivores and is now distributed worldwide. Because of its invasive behavior and the threat it can pose to local biodiversity, this ladybird has been adopted as a model species for invasive biocontrol predators. A huge existing literature is available on this species. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying H. axyridis smell and taste, even though these senses are important in this ladybird for courtship, mating and for locating suitable habitats for feeding and oviposition. Here we describe the first chemosensory gene repertoire that is expressed in the antennae of male and female H. axyridis. Our findings would likely represent the basis for future functional studies aiming at increasing the efficacy of H. axyridis in biological control or at reducing its populations in those areas where the ladybird has become a matter of concern due to its invasiveness.

scholarly journals Identification and Expression Analysis of the Genes Involved in the Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides Pathway of Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465
Author(s):  
Ramon de Koning ◽  
Raphaël Kiekens ◽  
Mary Esther Muyoka Toili ◽  
Geert Angenon
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Raffinose Synthase

Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) play an important role in plants but are also considered to be antinutritional factors. A profound understanding of the galactinol and RFO biosynthetic gene families and the expression patterns of the individual genes is a prerequisite for the sustainable reduction of the RFO content in the seeds, without compromising normal plant development and functioning. In this paper, an overview of the annotation and genetic structure of all galactinol- and RFO biosynthesis genes is given for soybean and common bean. In common bean, three galactinol synthase genes, two raffinose synthase genes and one stachyose synthase gene were identified for the first time. To discover the expression patterns of these genes in different tissues, two expression atlases have been created through re-analysis of publicly available RNA-seq data. De novo expression analysis through an RNA-seq study during seed development of three varieties of common bean gave more insight into the expression patterns of these genes during the seed development. The results of the expression analysis suggest that different classes of galactinol- and RFO synthase genes have tissue-specific expression patterns in soybean and common bean. With the obtained knowledge, important galactinol- and RFO synthase genes that specifically play a key role in the accumulation of RFOs in the seeds are identified. These candidate genes may play a pivotal role in reducing the RFO content in the seeds of important legumes which could improve the nutritional quality of these beans and would solve the discomforts associated with their consumption.

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