scholarly journals Aseptic Rearing and Infection with Gut Bacteria Improve the Fitness of Transgenic Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Somerville ◽  
Liqin Zhou ◽  
Ben Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Male Fitness ◽  
Competitive Fitness ◽  
Insect Rearing ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Transgenic Progeny

Mass insect rearing can have a range of applications, for example in biological control of pests. The competitive fitness of released insects is extremely important in a number of applications. Here, we investigated how to improve the fitness of a transgenic diamondback moth, which has shown variation in mating ability when reared in different insectaries. Specifically we tested whether infection with a gut bacteria, Enterobacter cloacae, and aseptic rearing of larvae could improve insect growth and male performance. All larvae were readily infected with E. cloacae. Under aseptic rearing, pupal weights were reduced and there was a marginal reduction in larval survival. However, aseptic rearing substantially improved the fitness of transgenic males. In addition, under aseptic rearing, inoculation with E. cloacae increased pupal weights and male fitness, increasing the proportion of transgenic progeny from 20% to 30% relative to uninfected insects. Aseptic conditions may improve the fitness of transgenic males by excluding microbial contaminants, while symbiont inoculation could further improve fitness by providing additional protection against infection, or by normalizing insect physiology. The simple innovation of incorporating antibiotic into diet, and inoculating insects with symbiotic bacteria that are resistant to that antibiotic, could provide a readily transferable tool for other insect rearing systems.

scholarly journals Gnotobiotic Rearing and Controlled Infection with Gut Symbionts Improve Adult Fitness in Transgenic Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Somerville ◽  
Liqin Zhou ◽  
Benjamin Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Competitive Fitness ◽  
Insect Rearing ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Adult Fitness ◽  
Biological Control Of Insects ◽  
Gut Symbionts ◽  
Transgenic Progeny

Mass insect rearing can have a range of applications, for example in biological control of insects. Since the performance of released biological control agents determines efficacy, the competitive fitness of insects post release is a key variable. Here, we tested whether inoculation with a gut symbiont, Enterobacter cloacae, and gnotobiotic rearing of larvae could improve insect growth and male competitive fitness of a transgenic diamondback moth, which has shown variation in fitness when reared in different insectaries. All larvae were readily infected with the focal symbiont. Under gnotobiotic rearing pupal weights were reduced and there was a marginal reduction in larval survival. However, gnotobiotic rearing substantially improved the fitness of transgenic males. In addition, in gnotobiotic conditions, inoculation with the gut symbiont increased pupal weights and male fitness, increasing the proportion of transgenic progeny from 20 to 30% relative to symbiont-free insects. Gnotobiotic conditions may improve the fitness of transgenic males by excluding microbial contaminants, while symbiont inoculation could further improve fitness by providing additional protection against infections, or by normalizing insect physiology. The simple innovation of incorporating antibiotic into diet, and inoculating insects with symbiotic bacteria that are resistant to that antibiotic, could provide a readily transferable tool for other insect rearing systems.

Impact of a glossy collard trap crop on diamondback moth adult movement, oviposition, and larval survival

2005 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred R. Musser ◽  
Brian A. Nault ◽  
Jan P. Nyrop ◽  
Anthony M. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Trap Crop

scholarly journals Nutritional indices and feeding preference of the Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) in several Brassicaceae plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012040
Author(s):  
P P Asmoro ◽  
Dadang ◽  
Pudjianto ◽  
I W Winasa
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Insect Rearing ◽  
Quality Of Food

Abstract The quantity and quality of food consumed by insects affect their growth, development; likewise, the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), one of the important pests of Brassicaceae plants. The study aimed to determine feed preferences and the effect of four Brassicaceae, namely cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), caisin (B. rapa), broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica), and Rorippa indica, on the nutritional indices of P. xylostella larvae. The research methods consisted of insect rearing, nutrition indices test, preference test, and proximate analysis. The results showed that the highest preference was found in R. indica (47.81%), while the other three plant species were not significantly different. Cabbage treatment showed the highest efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) (8.56%), followed by R. indica, caisin, and broccoli. The same thing, cabbage treatment showed the highest efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) (13.02%), followed by caisin, R. indica, and broccoli. Broccoli had the highest approximate digestibility (AD) (89.38%), followed by R. indica, cabbage, and caisin. In general, the results of the nutritional indices showed that cabbage was the most suitable feed for P. xylostella larvae; in addition, with a high feeding preference, R. indica could potentially be used as a trap crop.

scholarly journals The mutational decay of male and hermaphrodite competitive fitness in the androdioecious nematode C. elegans, in which males are naturally rare

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Dan Yeh ◽  
Ayush Saxena ◽  
Timothy Crombie ◽  
Dorian Feistel ◽  
Lindsay M. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Male Fitness ◽  
Competitive Fitness ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Mutational Variance

AbstractAndrodioecious Caenorhabditis have a high frequency of self-compatible hermaphrodites and a low frequency of males. The effects of mutations on male fitness are of interest for two reasons. First, when males are rare, selection on male-specific mutations is less efficient than in hermaphrodites. Second, males may present a larger mutational target than hermaphrodites because of the different ways in which fitness accrues in the two sexes.We report the first estimates of male-specific mutational effects in an androdioecious organism. The rate of male-specific inviable or sterile mutations is ≤ 5 x 10−4/generation, below the rate at which males would be lost solely due to those kinds of mutations. The rate of mutational decay of male competitive fitness is ~0.17%/generation; that of hermaphrodite competitive fitness is ~0.11%/generation. The point estimate of ~1.5X faster rate of mutational decay of male fitness is nearly identical to the same ratio in Drosophila. Estimates of mutational variance (VM) for male mating success and competitive fitness are not significantly different from zero, whereas VM for hermaphrodite competitive fitness is similar to that of non-competitive fitness. The discrepancy between the two sexes is probably due to the greater inherent variability of mating relative to internal self-fertilization.

scholarly journals Characterizations of Larval Gut Bacteria of Anopheles Subpictus Grassi and Their Role in Mosquito Development in Hooghly, West Bengal, India.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhurima Seal ◽  
Soumendranath Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Anopheles Subpictus ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Culture Suspension ◽  
Developmental Characteristics

Abstract Malaria is a serious vector borne disease transmitted by different species of Anopheles mosquitoes. The present study was aimed to isolate & characterize the bacterial flora from the gut of An. subpictus larvae prevalent in Hooghly and explore their roles in host survival and development. Mosquito larvae and adults were collected from field and were maintained in laboratory. Bacterial load in the larval midgut was determined, predominant strains were isolated and characterized by polyphasic approach. Role of these bacteria in larval survival & development were assayed. Bacterial load in the gut of larvae was found to vary in field collected and lab reared mosquitoes in different seasons. Morphological, bio-chemical and molecular analysis explored four common bacterial isolates namely Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus cereus & Proteus vulgaris in the larval gut throughout the year. Larval survival rate was greatly reduced (0.06) & time of pupation was prolonged (17.8±0.57) in absence of their gut bacteria. Total tissue protein (7.78±0.56), lipid (2.25±0.19) & carbohydrate (16.5±0.79) contents of larvae and body weight & wing length of adult male (0.17±0.02 & 1.74±0.43) & female (0.19±0.02 & 1.99±0.46) mosquitoes were also found to be greatly reduced in the absence of gut bacteria. Developmental characteristics were restored with the introduction of culture suspension of all four resident gut bacterial isolates. Present study indicates that the mosquitoes solely depend on their gut bacteria for their survival & development. So, manipulation or control of this gut bacterial communities might inhibit survival & development of vector mosquitoes.

scholarly journals The use of an invitational letter to increase the vaccine uptake of patients with coeliac disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Moneim ◽  
Hera Asad ◽  
Eman Butt ◽  
Jamil Shah Foridi ◽  
Yasmin Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Total Uptake ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Green Book ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aim: We sought to establish the impact on vaccine uptake of sending out a single appointment letter inviting patients to attend a vaccine clinic. Background: Coeliac disease is associated with splenic dysfunction and so patients with coeliac disease are at a higher risk of overwhelming infection. Additional vaccinations are recommended for these individuals to provide additional protection against infection. Methods: We retrospectively identified 54 patients with diagnosed coeliac disease, and all vaccines previously received by these patients. By comparing this to the Green Book [Department of Health (2013) Immunisation of individuals with underlying medical conditions: the green book, chapter 7, London: Department of Health. Retrieved 26 February 2019 from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/566853/Green_Book_Chapter7.pdf], we determined the patients who were due vaccinations and the specific vaccines they were due. An invitation letter was then sent out to patients requiring further vaccinations and vaccine uptake for these patients was re-audited six months later. Findings: Our results show a mild increase in the total uptake of vaccines six months after the letter was sent out, from 38.6% to 49.2%.

scholarly journals Influences of Cry1Ac Broccoli on Larval Survival and Oviposition of Diamondback Moth

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Yi ◽  
S. Cui ◽  
L. Yang ◽  
Z. Fang ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Survival

Temperature tolerance of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) in tropical and temperate regions of Asia

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shirai
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractTemperature tolerance was investigated in nine populations of Plutella xylostellaLinnaeus from tropical and temperate regions of Asia. At all rearing temperatures between 15 and 35°C, no clear differences were observed in female egg production or larval development between tropical and temperate populations. Thus, tropical populations did not show a high-temperature tolerance superior to that of the temperate populations. In all populations, the net reproductive rate (number of new females born per female) largely depended on the number of eggs laid per female, and egg production significantly decreased with increasing temperature (P < 0.001). Larval developmental rate also showed a significant positive correlation with temperature (P < 0.001). Per cent hatch of eggs and larval survival did not show a significant correlation with temperature: hatching was constant between 15 and 32.5°C, but considerably lower at 35°C. Larval survival was similar between 15 and 30°C, appreciably lower at 32.5°C and declined to 0% at 35°C. Based on these results, environmental conditions under which P. xylostella can maintain a high population density throughout the year in tropical and subtropical regions are discussed.

scholarly journals Diversity of Culturable Gut Bacteria of Diamondback Moth, Plutella Xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) Collected From Different Geographical Regions of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Meena Thakur ◽  
Vinay Sagar ◽  
Ranjna Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Insect Fitness

Abstract Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella is one of the important pests of cole crops, the larvae of which cause damage to leaves from seedling stage to the harvest thus reducing the quality and quantity of the yield. The insect gut posses a large variety of microbial communities among which, the association of bacteria is the most spread and common. Due to variations in various agro-climatic factors, the insect often assumes the status of major pest. These geographical variations in insects influence various biological parameters including insecticide resistance due to diversity of microbes/bacteria. The diverse role of gut bacteria in insect fitness traits has now gained perspectives for biotechnological exploration. The present study was aimed to determine the diversity of larval gut bacteria of diamondback moth collected from five different geographical regions of India. The gut bacteria of this pest were found to be influenced by different geographical regions. A total of 14 larval gut bacterial isolates were obtained. Majority of these bacteria belong to Enterobacteriaceae followed by Yersiniaceae, Morganellaceae and Enterococcaceae. Phylogeny analysis of all the bacterial isolates collected from five different geographical regions of India revealed that all the isolated strains are resolved in well-defined clades with their closest type species.

scholarly journals Disrupting butterfly caterpillar microbiomes does not impact their survival and development

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1917) ◽  
pp. 20192438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kruttika Phalnikar ◽  
Krushnamegh Kunte ◽  
Deepa Agashe
Keyword(s):  
Larval Growth ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Similar Survival ◽  
And Control ◽  
Butterfly Larvae

Associations with gut microbes are believed to play crucial roles in the physiology, immune function, development and behaviour of insects. However, microbiome sequencing has recently suggested that butterflies are an anomaly, because their microbiomes do not show strong host- and developmental stage-specific associations. We experimentally manipulated butterfly larval gut microbiota and found that disrupting gut microbes had little influence on larval survival and development. Larvae of the butterflies Danaus chrysippus and Ariadne merione that fed on chemically sterilized or antibiotic-treated host plant leaves had significantly reduced bacterial loads, and their gut bacterial communities were disrupted substantially. However, neither host species treated this way suffered a significant fitness cost: across multiple experimental blocks, treated and control larvae had similar survival, growth and development. Furthermore, re-introducing microbes from the excreta of control larvae did not improve larval growth and survival. Thus, these butterfly larvae did not appear to rely on specialized gut bacteria for digestion, detoxification, biomass accumulation and metamorphosis. Our experiments thus show that dependence on gut bacteria for growth and survival is not a universal phenomenon across insects. Our findings also caution that strategies which target gut microbiomes may not always succeed in controlling Lepidopteran pests.

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