scholarly journals Influences of Cry1Ac Broccoli on Larval Survival and Oviposition of Diamondback Moth

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Yi ◽  
S. Cui ◽  
L. Yang ◽  
Z. Fang ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Survival

Impact of a glossy collard trap crop on diamondback moth adult movement, oviposition, and larval survival

2005 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred R. Musser ◽  
Brian A. Nault ◽  
Jan P. Nyrop ◽  
Anthony M. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Trap Crop

Temperature tolerance of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) in tropical and temperate regions of Asia

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shirai
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractTemperature tolerance was investigated in nine populations of Plutella xylostellaLinnaeus from tropical and temperate regions of Asia. At all rearing temperatures between 15 and 35°C, no clear differences were observed in female egg production or larval development between tropical and temperate populations. Thus, tropical populations did not show a high-temperature tolerance superior to that of the temperate populations. In all populations, the net reproductive rate (number of new females born per female) largely depended on the number of eggs laid per female, and egg production significantly decreased with increasing temperature (P < 0.001). Larval developmental rate also showed a significant positive correlation with temperature (P < 0.001). Per cent hatch of eggs and larval survival did not show a significant correlation with temperature: hatching was constant between 15 and 32.5°C, but considerably lower at 35°C. Larval survival was similar between 15 and 30°C, appreciably lower at 32.5°C and declined to 0% at 35°C. Based on these results, environmental conditions under which P. xylostella can maintain a high population density throughout the year in tropical and subtropical regions are discussed.

scholarly journals Gnotobiotic Rearing and Controlled Infection with Gut Symbionts Improve Adult Fitness in Transgenic Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Somerville ◽  
Liqin Zhou ◽  
Benjamin Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Competitive Fitness ◽  
Insect Rearing ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Adult Fitness ◽  
Biological Control Of Insects ◽  
Gut Symbionts ◽  
Transgenic Progeny

Mass insect rearing can have a range of applications, for example in biological control of insects. Since the performance of released biological control agents determines efficacy, the competitive fitness of insects post release is a key variable. Here, we tested whether inoculation with a gut symbiont, Enterobacter cloacae, and gnotobiotic rearing of larvae could improve insect growth and male competitive fitness of a transgenic diamondback moth, which has shown variation in fitness when reared in different insectaries. All larvae were readily infected with the focal symbiont. Under gnotobiotic rearing pupal weights were reduced and there was a marginal reduction in larval survival. However, gnotobiotic rearing substantially improved the fitness of transgenic males. In addition, in gnotobiotic conditions, inoculation with the gut symbiont increased pupal weights and male fitness, increasing the proportion of transgenic progeny from 20 to 30% relative to symbiont-free insects. Gnotobiotic conditions may improve the fitness of transgenic males by excluding microbial contaminants, while symbiont inoculation could further improve fitness by providing additional protection against infections, or by normalizing insect physiology. The simple innovation of incorporating antibiotic into diet, and inoculating insects with symbiotic bacteria that are resistant to that antibiotic, could provide a readily transferable tool for other insect rearing systems.

scholarly journals Aseptic Rearing and Infection with Gut Bacteria Improve the Fitness of Transgenic Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Somerville ◽  
Liqin Zhou ◽  
Ben Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Male Fitness ◽  
Competitive Fitness ◽  
Insect Rearing ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Transgenic Progeny

Mass insect rearing can have a range of applications, for example in biological control of pests. The competitive fitness of released insects is extremely important in a number of applications. Here, we investigated how to improve the fitness of a transgenic diamondback moth, which has shown variation in mating ability when reared in different insectaries. Specifically we tested whether infection with a gut bacteria, Enterobacter cloacae, and aseptic rearing of larvae could improve insect growth and male performance. All larvae were readily infected with E. cloacae. Under aseptic rearing, pupal weights were reduced and there was a marginal reduction in larval survival. However, aseptic rearing substantially improved the fitness of transgenic males. In addition, under aseptic rearing, inoculation with E. cloacae increased pupal weights and male fitness, increasing the proportion of transgenic progeny from 20% to 30% relative to uninfected insects. Aseptic conditions may improve the fitness of transgenic males by excluding microbial contaminants, while symbiont inoculation could further improve fitness by providing additional protection against infection, or by normalizing insect physiology. The simple innovation of incorporating antibiotic into diet, and inoculating insects with symbiotic bacteria that are resistant to that antibiotic, could provide a readily transferable tool for other insect rearing systems.

scholarly journals Host plant and population determine the fitness costs of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Raymond ◽  
Ali H Sayyed ◽  
Denis J Wright
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Fitness Parameters

Novel adaptations often cause pleiotropic reductions in fitness. Under optimal conditions individual organisms may be able to compensate for, or reduce, these fitness costs. Declining environmental quality may therefore lead to larger costs. We investigated whether reduced plant quality would increase the fitness costs associated with resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in two populations of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella . We also measured the rate of decline in resistance on two host-plant ( Brassica ) species for one insect population (Karak). Population×plant species interactions determined the fitness costs in this study. Poor plant quality increased the fitness costs in terms of development time for both populations. However, fitness costs seen in larval survival did not always increase as plant quality declined. Both the fitness and the stability experiment indicated that fitness costs were higher on the most suitable plant for one population. Theoretically, if the fitness cost of a mutation interacts additively with environmental factors, the relative fitness of resistant insects will decrease with environmental quality. However, multiplicative costs do not necessarily increase with declining quality and may be harder to detect when fitness parameters are more subject to variation in poorer environments.

The box-balance model: a new tool to assess fish larval survival, applied to field data on two small pelagic fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 289-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Raya ◽  
J Salat ◽  
A Sabatés
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Small Pelagic Fish ◽  
Mesoscale Structures

This work develops a new method, the box-balance model (BBM), to assess the role of hydrodynamic structures in the survival of fish larvae. The BBM was applied in the northwest Mediterranean to field data, on 2 small pelagic fish species whose larvae coexist in summer: Engraulis encrasicolus, a dominant species, and Sardinella aurita, which is expanding northwards in relation to sea warming. The BBM allows one to quantify the contribution of circulation, with significant mesoscale activity, to the survival of fish larvae, clearly separating the effect of transport from biological factors. It is based on comparing the larval abundances at age found in local target areas, associated with the mesoscale structures (boxes), to those predicted by the overall mortality rate of the population in the region. The application of the BBM reveals that dispersion/retention by hydrodynamic structures favours the survival of E. encrasicolus larvae. In addition, since larval growth and mortality rates of the species are required parameters for application of the BBM, we present their estimates for S. aurita in the region for the first time. Although growth and mortality rates found for S. aurita are both higher than for E. encrasicolus, their combined effect confers a lower survival to S. aurita larvae. Thus, although the warming trend in the region would contribute to the expansion of the fast-growing species S. aurita, we can confirm that E. encrasicolus is well established, with a better adapted survival strategy.

Climate-associated trends and variability in ichthyoplankton phenology from the longest continuous larval fish time series on the east coast of the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 269-287
Author(s):  
WC Thaxton ◽  
JC Taylor ◽  
RG Asch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Northerly Wind

As the effects of climate change become more pronounced, variation in the direction and magnitude of shifts in species occurrence in space and time may disrupt interspecific interactions in ecological communities. In this study, we examined how the fall and winter ichthyoplankton community in the Newport River Estuary located inshore of Pamlico Sound in the southeastern United States has responded to environmental variability over the last 27 yr. We relate the timing of estuarine ingress of 10 larval fish species to changes in sea surface temperature (SST), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, wind strength and phenology, and tidal height. We also examined whether any species exhibited trends in ingress phenology over the last 3 decades. Species varied in the magnitude of their responses to all of the environmental variables studied, but most shared a common direction of change. SST and northerly wind strength had the largest impact on estuarine ingress phenology, with most species ingressing earlier during warm years and delaying ingress during years with strong northerly winds. As SST warms in the coming decades, the average date of ingress of some species (Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, pinfish Lagodon rhomboides) is projected to advance on the order of weeks to months, assuming temperatures do not exceed a threshold at which species can no longer respond through changes in phenology. These shifts in ingress could affect larval survival and growth since environmental conditions in the estuarine and pelagic nursery habitats of fishes also vary seasonally.

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