scholarly journals Termite Ecology in the First Two Decades of the 21st Century: A Review of Reviews

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bignell
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Local Diversity ◽  
Landscape Integrity ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
Optimum Sampling ◽  
Termite Ecology ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Quantitative Contributions

Termite ecology came of age in 1978 with the seminal review of Wood and Sands which by considering the quantitative contributions made by termites to the carbon cycle at the landscape level concluded that they were major players in tropical ecosystems. Subsequent field work in the succeeding two decades was summarised in 2000 by Bignell and Eggleton, the most recent review which attempted to cover the entire topic in detail, which included 188 listed references and has been extensively cited for almost 20 years. Subsequent summaries more narrowly defined or in some cases more superficial are listed in the bibliography. In this overview, the main and subsidiary headings in Bignell and Eggleton are revisited and reclassified in the light of 186 selected articles added to the relevant literature since 2000, and some earlier work. While the literature on termite ecology remains buoyant, it has declined relative to publications on other aspects of termite biology. Overall, the thesis that termites have a major impact on, and are major indicators of soil health and landscape integrity in the tropics and sub-tropics is maintained, but the drivers of local diversity, abundance and biomass remain complex, with many biographical, edaphic and optimum sampling issues not completely resolved. The large increase in diversity and abundance data from Neotropical biomes can also be noted.

scholarly journals Prospect and Challenges for Sustainable Management of Climate Change-Associated Stresses to Soil and Plant Health by Beneficial Rhizobacteria

Stresses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-222
Author(s):  
Aniruddha Sarker ◽  
Most. Waheda Rahman Ansary ◽  
Mohammad Nabil Hossain ◽  
Tofazzal Islam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Climate change imposes biotic and abiotic stresses on soil and plant health all across the planet. Beneficial rhizobacterial genera, such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Paraburkholderia, Rhizobium, Serratia, and others, are gaining popularity due to their ability to provide simultaneous nutrition and protection of plants in adverse climatic conditions. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are known to boost soil and plant health through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms. However, various issues limit the wider commercialization of bacterial biostimulants, such as variable performance in different environmental conditions, poor shelf-life, application challenges, and our poor understanding on complex mechanisms of their interactions with plants and environment. This study focused on detecting the most recent findings on the improvement of plant and soil health under a stressful environment by the application of beneficial rhizobacteria. For a critical and systematic review story, we conducted a non-exhaustive but rigorous literature survey to assemble the most relevant literature (sorting of a total of 236 out of 300 articles produced from the search). In addition, a critical discussion deciphering the major challenges for the commercialization of these bioagents as biofertilizer, biostimulants, and biopesticides was undertaken to unlock the prospective research avenues and wider application of these natural resources. The advancement of biotechnological tools may help to enhance the sustainable use of bacterial biostimulants in agriculture. The perspective of biostimulants is also systematically evaluated for a better understanding of the molecular crosstalk between plants and beneficial bacteria in the changing climate towards sustainable soil and plant health.

scholarly journals Soil Microarthropods and Soil Health: Intersection of Decomposition and Pest Suppression in Agroecosystems

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Neher ◽  
Mary Barbercheck
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Pest Suppression

Two desirable functions of healthy soil are nutrient cycling and pest suppression. We review relevant literature on the contributions of soil microarthropods to soil health through their intersecting roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling and direct and indirect suppression of plant pests. Microarthropods can impact soil and plant health directly by feeding on pest organisms or serving as alternate prey for larger predatory arthropods. Indirectly, microarthropods mediate the ability of crop plants to resist or tolerate insect pests and diseases by triggering induced resistance and/or contributing to optimal nutritional balance of plants. Soil fauna, including microarthropods, are key regulators of decomposition at local scales but their role at larger scales is unresolved. Future research priorities include incorporating multi-channel omnivory into food web modeling and understanding the vulnerability of soil carbon through global climate change models.

scholarly journals A systematic review of reviews to identify key research opportunities within the field of eHealth implementation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyar Ahmed ◽  
Thomas Dannhauser ◽  
Nada Philip
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Review Of Reviews

Introduction This paper is a systematic review of the relevant literature surrounding the implementation and utilisation of eHealth to identify key challenges and opportunities to future eHealth applications. Methods NHS Evidence, PubMed, IEEE Explorer, Cochrane Library and JMIR Publications were all searched for reviews published between 1 January 2010 and 30 June 2017. Results A total of 47 papers met the final inclusion criterion. The published literature focused on a wide array of challenges categorised into five areas, facing the implementation and utilisation of eHealth; from this, four areas of opportunity to advance eHealth were identified. Discussion The five challenge areas are (C1) stakeholders and system users, (C2) technology and interoperability, (C3) cost-effectiveness and start-up costs, (C4) legal clarity and legal framework and (C5) local context and regional differences. The four opportunity areas are (O1) participation and contribution, (O2) foundation and sustainability, (O3) improvement and productivity and (O4) identification and application. Conclusion The literature analysed in this systematic review identifies design and implementation priorities that can guide the development and utilisation of future eHealth initiatives.

Beyond a single organization: challenges and opportunities in doing field level ethnography

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammar B. Zilber
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Ethnographic Field Work ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer a road map for carrying out field-level ethnography, focussing on the inter-organizational space collectively constructed and shared by communities of organizations. Design/methodology/approach – The argument is developed through a critical and integrated review of relevant literature. Findings – Field-level ethnographic work requires researchers to define the field they are exploring, locate their specific research site within it, capture the field through ethnographic practices that take into account the unique characteristics of this local field as a social phenomenon, and deploy various conceptualizations of inter-organizational spheres in order to enrich their analysis and interpretations. Practical implications – This paper offers practical insights for practitioners of field-level ethnography. Originality/value – As organizations are open-systems that reside and take part in much broader, inter-organizational spaces, the author makes a case for going beyond the more common practice of carrying out ethnographic field work in a single organization, to doing field-level ethnography. The paper discusses various theorizations of the inter-organizational sphere, suggest how to carry field-level ethnography in practice, and note its peculiar challenges.

Longwave incoming radiation in the Tropics: results from field work in three African cities

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 185-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jonsson ◽  
I. Eliasson ◽  
B. Holmer ◽  
C. S. B. Grimmond
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Incoming Radiation ◽  
The Tropics

scholarly journals HARMONY IN MERARIQ MARRIAGE TRADITION IN LOMBOK AS A MANIFESTATION OF THE QUR’AN

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
M. Ardi Kusumawardana
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Family Conflicts ◽  
Extra Effort ◽  
Data Compilation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Women Violence ◽  
Research Show

A number pieces of research show that the wedding tradition of merariq practiced by Sasak community is susceptible for intra-family conflicts, such as the disagreement over the dowry, disputes between the families, subordination of women, violence, polygamy, and divorce. This is understandable, for merariq culturally situates women in the subordinate position. This research, on the other hand, highlights the harmony within families in merariq context. The questions to be investigated is: what factors lead to harmony within families in merariq culture? This is a qualitative research using phenomenological approach. In doing so, the field work was conducted directly over the interlocutors. The data compilation technique was semi-structured interviews that were performed directly over the informants. In addition to that, this research also follows the relevant literature. It argues that there is a discernible struggle to achieve harmony from the part of women (wives). They took this extra effort as inspired by a particular interpretation of the Qurʾān. In addition to that motivation to put the family and children interests above all has structured women to be permissive and succumb. Keywords: Merariq, Lombok, Al-Qur’an, Women, Harmony

scholarly journals Leadership in turbulent times (1).docx

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Baiyeshea
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Turbulent Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Conceptual Paper

This is a conceptual paper that requires no field work but review of relevant literature on the subject matter

scholarly journals The Normalization of the Muslim Brotherhood’s Religious Discourse in Egypt: A Comparative Perspective Before and After 2011

Islamology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Sara Tonsy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Symbolic Power ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood

The Muslim Brotherhood (MB) in Egypt has been known for being one of the most resilient Islamist organizations worldwide during most of the twentieth century, and until 2013. The Arab uprisings that swept over the Arab region resulted in the resurrection of the MB’s discourse changed drastically over the period of the organization’s existence and even further during the few years from 2011 until today. How did the discourse established by the MB develop and transform towards becoming a normalized version of Islam in Egypt? How could this be traced in the recent events the MB witnessed in Egypt, starting in 2011? Applying P. Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic power and O. Roy’s idea about post-Islamism this article will address these questions using field work and relevant literature.

scholarly journals Lithospermum sylvestre (Boraginaceae): A new species from the Baviaanskloof, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Bothalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James I. Cohen ◽  
John C. Manning ◽  
Doug Euston-Brown
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
A New Species

Background: Recent field work in the Baviaanskloof, Eastern Cape, resulted in several collections of an unknown species of Lithospermum (Boraginaceae), a genus that is taxonomically relatively poorly understood in southern Africa.Objectives: To describe the Baviaanskloof collections and characterise them against currently known species of Lithospermum.Method: Relevant literature was surveyed and herbarium and fresh material was examined.Results: Recent collections of Lithospermum from the Baviaanskloof Mountains in Eastern Cape represent an undescribed species.Conclusion: Lithospermum sylvestre J.Cohen J.C.Manning is a new species recognised by its well-branched stems with adpressed-scabrid pubescence, and relatively long-tubed flowers with long styles that are ± as long as the corolla tube and only shortly included within it.

Grass-legume intercropping for sustainability animal production in the tropics.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (021) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rusdy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Tropical Grasslands ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Seasonal and low forage availability and quality, shrinking of grassland area, and poor grassland management are the main causes of low soil fertility and animal production in tropical grasslands. One sustainable way to overcome the problems is through establishment of grass-legume intercropping in tropical grassland. Results revealed that grass-legume intercropping improved soil health and fertility, forage yield, and stability and reduced weed invasion. Besides, it improves forage nutritive value and animal production. To enhance grass-legume intercropping, the selected grass and legume species should be matched with local environmental conditions followed by good management.

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