scholarly journals Attraction of Female Aedes aegypti (L.) to Aphid Honeydew

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Peach ◽  
Regine Gries ◽  
Nathan Young ◽  
Robyn Lakes ◽  
Erin Galloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Many ◽  
Synthetic Blend ◽  
Volatile Semiochemicals ◽  
Aphid Honeydew

Plant sugar is an essential dietary constituent for mosquitoes, and hemipteran honeydew is one of the many forms of plant sugar that is important to mosquitoes. Many insects rely on volatile honeydew semiochemicals to locate aphids or honeydew itself. Mosquitoes exploit volatile semiochemicals to locate sources of plant sugar but their attraction to honeydew has not previously been investigated. Here, we report the attraction of female yellow fever mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, to honeydew odorants from the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, feeding on fava bean, Vicia faba. We used solid phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to collect and analyze headspace odorants from the honeydew of A. pisum feeding on V. faba. An eight-component synthetic blend of these odorants and synthetic odorant blends of crude and sterile honeydew that we prepared according to literature data all attracted female A. aegypti. The synthetic blend containing microbial odor constituents proved more effective than the blend without these constituents. Our study provides the first evidence for anemotactic attraction of mosquitoes to honeydew and demonstrates a role for microbe-derived odorants in the attraction of mosquitoes to essential plant sugar resources.

scholarly journals Attraction of Female Aedes aegypti (L.) to Aphid Honeydew

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A.H. Peach ◽  
Regine Gries ◽  
Nathan Young ◽  
Robyn Lakes ◽  
Erin Galloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Solid Phase Micro Extraction ◽  
The Many ◽  
Synthetic Blend ◽  
Volatile Semiochemicals ◽  
Aphid Honeydew

Plant sugar is an essential dietary constituent for mosquitoes, and hemipteran honeydew is one of the many forms of plant sugar important to mosquitoes. Many insects rely on volatile honeydew semiochemicals to locate aphids or honeydew itself. Mosquitoes exploit volatile semiochemicals to locate sources of plant sugar but their attraction to honeydew has not previously been investigated. Here we report the attraction of female yellow fever mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, to honeydew odorants from the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, feeding on fava bean, Vicia faba. We used solid phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry to collect and analyze headspace odorants from honeydew of A. pisum feeding on V. faba. An 8-component synthetic blend of these odorants and synthetic odorant blends of crude and sterile honeydew that we prepared according to literature data all attracted female A. aegypti. The synthetic blend containing microbial odor constituents proved more effective than the blend without these constituents. Our study provides the first evidence for anemotactic attraction of mosquitoes to honeydew and demonstrates a role for microbe-derived odorants in the attraction of mosquitoes to essential plant-sugar resources.

Seed treatments with thiamine reduce the performance of generalist and specialist aphids on crop plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Hamada ◽  
J. Fatehi ◽  
L.M.V. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractThiamine is a vitamin that has been shown to act as a trigger to activate plant defence and reduce pathogen and nematode infection as well as aphid settling and reproduction. We have here investigated whether thiamine treatments of seeds (i.e. seed dressing) would increase plant resistance against aphids and whether this would have different effects on a generalist than on specialist aphids. Seeds of wheat, barley, oat and pea were treated with thiamine alone or in combination with the biocontrol bacteriaPseudomonas chlororaphisMA 342 (MA 342). Plants were grown in climate chambers. The effects of seed treatment on fecundity, host acceptance and life span were studied on specialist aphids bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padiL.) and pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisumHarris) and on the generalist green peach aphid (Myzus persicae, Sulzer). Thiamine seed treatments reduced reproduction and host acceptance of all three aphid species. The number of days to reproduction, the length of the reproductive life, the fecundity and the intrinsic rate of increase were found reduced for bird cherry-oat aphid after thiamine treatment of the cereal seeds. MA 342 did not have any effect in any of the plant-aphid combinations, except a weak decrease of pea aphid reproduction on pea. The results show that there are no differential effects of either thiamine or MA 342 seed treatments on specialist and generalist aphids and suggest that seed treatments with thiamine has a potential in aphid pest management.

Spatiotemporal expression profiling of the farnesyl diphosphate synthase genes in aphids and analysis of their associations with the biosynthesis of alarm pheromone

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-J. Cheng ◽  
Z.-X. Li
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Farnesyl Diphosphate ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aphid Alarm Pheromone

AbstractThe alarm behavior plays a key role in the ecology of aphids, but the site and molecular mechanism for the biosynthesis of aphid alarm pheromone are largely unknown. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) catalyzes the synthesis of FPP, providing the precursor for the alarm pheromone (E)-β-farnesene (EβF), and we speculate that FPPS is closely associated with the biosynthetic pathway of EβF. We firstly analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of FPPS genes by using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, showing that they were expressed uninterruptedly from the embryonic stage to adult stage, with an obvious increasing trend from embryo to 4th-instar in the green peach aphid Myzus persicae, but FPPS1 had an overall significantly higher expression level than FPPS2; both FPPS1 and FPPS2 exhibited the highest expression in the cornicle area. This expression pattern was verified in Acyrthosiphon pisum, suggesting that FPPS1 may play a more important role in aphids and the cornicle area is most likely the site for EβF biosynthesis. We thus conducted a quantitative measurement of EβF in M. persicae by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data obtained were used to perform an association analysis with the expression data, revealing that the content of EβF per aphid was significantly correlated with the mean weight per aphid (r = 0.8534, P = 0.0307) and the expression level of FPPS1 (r = 0.9134, P = 0.0109), but not with that of FPPS2 (r = 0.4113, P = 0.4179); the concentration of EβF per milligram of aphid was not correlated with the mean weight per aphid or the expression level of FPPS genes. These data suggest that FPPS1 may play a key role in the biosynthesis of aphid alarm pheromone.

Honeydew sugars and osmoregulation in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (15) ◽  
pp. 2137-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Wilkinson ◽  
D Ashford ◽  
J Pritchard ◽  
A Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Aphid Honeydew

Pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, containing their symbiotic bacteria (untreated aphids) and experimentally deprived of their bacteria by treatment with the antibiotic rifampicin (antibiotic-treated aphids) were reared on the plant Vicia faba. The sugars in the honeydew produced by untreated aphids comprised predominantly the monosaccharides glucose and fructose, while the honeydew of antibiotic-treated aphids contained considerable amounts of oligosaccharides of up to 16 hexose units. The honeydew and haemolymph of the aphids were iso-osmotic, and their osmotic pressure was significantly lower in untreated aphids (0.91­0.95 MPa) than in antibiotic-treated aphids (1.01­1.05 MPa) (P<0.05). For insects reared on chemically defined diets containing 0.15­1.0 mol l-1 sucrose (osmotic pressure 1.1­4.0 MPa), the osmotic pressure of the aphid haemolymph did not vary with dietary osmotic pressure, but was regulated to approximately 1.0 MPa in untreated and 1.3 MPa in antibiotic-treated aphids. The sugars in the aphid honeydew varied with dietary sucrose concentration; with monosaccharides dominant at low concentrations and oligosaccharides dominant at high concentrations of dietary sucrose. The lowest dietary sucrose concentration at which honeydew oligosaccharides were detected was 0.2 mol l-1 for the antibiotic-treated aphids and 0.3 mol l-1 for untreated aphids. These data indicate that the aphid, and not its associated microbiota, mediates the synthesis of oligosaccharides when the osmotic pressure of the ingesta is high.

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