scholarly journals Current Understanding of Novel Coronavirus: Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Approaches

Immuno ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-66
Author(s):  
Niraj Kumar Jha ◽  
Madhan Jeyaraman ◽  
Mahesh Rachamalla ◽  
Shreesh Ojha ◽  
Kamal Dua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Nano Medicine

An outbreak of “Pneumonia of Unknown Etiology” occurred in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019. Later, the agent factor was identified and coined as SARS-CoV-2, and the disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In a shorter period, this newly emergent infection brought the world to a standstill. On 11 March 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. Researchers across the globe have joined their hands to investigate SARS-CoV-2 in terms of pathogenicity, transmissibility, and deduce therapeutics to subjugate this infection. The researchers and scholars practicing different arts of medicine are on an extensive quest to come up with safer ways to curb the pathological implications of this viral infection. A huge number of clinical trials are underway from the branch of allopathy and naturopathy. Besides, a paradigm shift on cellular therapy and nano-medicine protocols has to be optimized for better clinical and functional outcomes of COVID-19-affected individuals. This article unveils a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis mode of spread, and various treatment modalities to combat COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals IVERMECTIN AS ADJUVANT TO HYDROXYCHOLOROQUINE IN PATIENTS RESISTANT TO STANDARD TREATMENT FOR SARS-CoV-2: RESULTS OF AN OPEN-LABEL RANDOMIZED CLINICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Naveen Kishoria ◽  
S.L Mathur ◽  
Veeram Parmar ◽  
Rimple Jeet Kaur ◽  
Harish Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

A cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology was reported from the city of Wuhan, in the Hubei province of China, in December 2019. A novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the causative agent of the disease which was subsequently termed as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the lower res-piratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in humans.

scholarly journals Understanding the Molecular Mechanism(s) of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Propagation in Human to Discover Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and exported across the world leading to thousands of deaths and millions of suspected cases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection into the host undergoes a huge number of complex replicative machineries which still remains unclear. Understanding the mechanism (s) of replication and mode of infection of SARS-CoV2 to human cells will help us in the development of novel vaccines or drugs for the eradication and prevention of the disease. This review compiles the knowledge of SARS-CoV2 replicative machinery, mode of infection to the human cells and the development of drugs and vaccines which are currently under clinical trials.

scholarly journals Regime Type and COVID-19 Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Alon ◽  
Matthew Farrell ◽  
Shaomin Li
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
The World ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

From late 2019 to the first half of 2020, the world has witnessed the epic spread and destruction of the novel coronavirus which was discovered in Wuhan, China. The huge number of infections and deaths caused by the virus, the collapse of the healthcare system and the economic consequences have few modern equivalents. While governments of all countries are responding to the pandemic, a heated debate rages about which political system, democracy versus authoritarian, is better positioned to respond to the pandemic. While the worldwide effort to contain the virus continues, we offer a preliminary comparison between democracies and authoritarian regimes in their responses to COVID-19, and policy suggestions for democracies to improve their governance and their ability to respond to crises.

Understanding COVID-19 – The Pandemic of 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Prasaath Sastha K R ◽  
Balasubramanian Arul ◽  
Ramalingam Kothai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Director General ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

It all started in December 2019, a seafood market in Wuhan, China, with a series of pneumonia alike cases admitted with severe acute respiratory depression. Since they were unable to detect the precise cause, they named it "Pneumonia of unknown etiology". Later it was identified as SARS COV 2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome – coronavirus 2). At first, the disease spread locally affecting the people of Wuhan, and then started spreading throughout China, creating a worldwide panic. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 in China as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from China and local healthcare units organized an intensive outbreak investigation program. The causative organism of this infection is a new virus that belongs to the “coronavirus (CoV)” family. After which the disease was called nCoV-19 (Novel coronavirus – 19). On February 11, 2020, the WHO Director General, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, renamed the disease as "COVID-19," which is the acronym of "coronavirus disease 2019". Viral epidemics like SARS-CoV in 2002, H1N1 influenza in 2009, and the most recent one the MERS-CoV Middle East Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus (first identified in Saudi Arabia) in 2012 threatened the health of mankind in the past two decades. All of these were successfully prevented by systematically approaching the problem to solve it. Healthcare professionals around the world are well trained to manage any type of health crisis. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as a "PANDEMIC" pointing to over 118,000 cases and 80,000 dead in 110 countries or more. In a media briefing, the WHO Director General said: "This is not just a public health crisis, it is a crisis that will touch every sector, so every sector and every individual must be involved in the fight."

scholarly journals Venous Thromboembolism and Its Association with COVID-19: Still an Open Debate

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Di Micco ◽  
Vincenzo Russo ◽  
Corrado Lodigiani
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Debate ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Pharmacological Thromboprophylaxis

Asreported by the World Health Organization, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified as the causative virus of new viral pneumonia of unknown etiology by Chinese authorities on 7 January 2020. The virus was named COVID-19 and because of its ability to cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (i.e., SARS) this infection has also been defined as SARS-CoV2.Furthermore, an association between COVID-19 infection and venous thromboembolism has been reported in several series around the world.For this reason, methods used to improve diagnostic tools, pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and type of anticoagulants are discussed in this expert opinion.

scholarly journals COVID-19 AND TOURISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-804
Author(s):  
Mehtab Alam ◽  
◽  
Rizwana Parveen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
First Aid ◽  
International Travel ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Wild Fire ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Entire Planet

With the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), the whole world has been in a total shutdown. It came out as a challenge to just not some specific countries of continents, but to the entire planet. With no preparation for such type of pandemic and the time and effort required to come up with a fully functional and tested vaccine, the planet went down on its knees. Non pharmaceutical methods were the first aid for the outbreak. Unprecedented country wide lockdowns, stay at home decisions, closure of global as well as local travel, closure of public gatherings greatly disrupted the world economy. International travel bans were the first to be practiced which roughly affected 100% of the world population. With restrictions on public gatherings and movement of people, tourism came to a stand-still in March-April 2020. By this time, COVID-19 had reached most of the countries and the virus was spreading like wild fire.

scholarly journals “Tomorrow Never Dies”: Recent Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Modalities against Coronavirus (COVID-19) amid Controversies

Diseases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Laskar ◽  
Murali M. Yallapu ◽  
Subhash C. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV or COVID-19) is responsible for severe health emergency throughout the world. The attack of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is found to be responsible for COVID-19. The World Health Organization has declared the ongoing global public health emergency as a pandemic. The whole world fights against this invincible enemy in various capacities to restore economy, lifestyle, and safe life. Enormous amount of scientific research work(s), administrative strategies, and economic measurements are in place to create a successful step against COVID-19. Furthermore, differences in opinion, facts, and implementation methods laid additional layers of complexities in this battle against survival. Thus, a timely overview of the recent, important, and overall inclusive developments against this pandemic is a pressing need for better understanding and dealing with COVID-19. In this review, we have systematically summarized the epidemiological studies, clinical features, biological properties, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, and preventive measurements related to COVID-19.

scholarly journals A mathematical model for simulating the transmission of Wuhan novel Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianmu Chen ◽  
Jia Rui ◽  
Qiupeng Wang ◽  
Zeyu Zhao ◽  
Jing-An Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
The World ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractAs reported by the World Health Organization, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was identified as the causative virus of Wuhan pneumonia of unknown etiology by Chinese authorities on 7 January, 2020. In this study, we developed a Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People transmission network model for simulating the potential transmission from the infection source (probable be bats) to the human infection. Since the Bats-Hosts-Reservoir network was hard to explore clearly and public concerns were focusing on the transmission from a seafood market (reservoir) to people, we simplified the model as Reservoir-People transmission network model. The basic reproduction number (R0) was calculated from the RP model to assess the transmissibility of the 2019-nCoV.

scholarly journals Convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19: a review of old therapy against new disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1909
Author(s):  
Utshav Chapagain ◽  
Gajendra Prasad Raunair ◽  
Kumud Chapagain ◽  
Rakesh Verma
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Investigational Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Currently, novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a big threat to global health which has revived the potential beneficial effect of ancient convalescent plasma therapy (CPT). This review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and adverse drug reactions associated with convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19 patients, based on articles available to date. PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, and Hinari databases were searched until 15th September 2020. Every country across the globe today is encountered with a virus that has impacted millions of lives today and for generations to come. Nonetheless recommended antiviral drugs and vaccines are not evident and specified for novel coronavirus disease. This is now very well known that scientists and medical experts across the world are vigilant about recommending the use of CPT and call it an investigational treatment that may help in assisting recovery. The World health organization has perpetuated that there is not enough proof that plasma therapy works in treating those fighting the novel coronavirus. Therefore, convalescent plasma therapy is a feasible and immediate option for alleviating the impact of the disease. Comparing the effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19 would help in deriving proper outcomes for COVID-19 infected cases.

scholarly journals Understanding the Molecular Mechanism(s) of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Propagation in Human to Discover Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibi Raj ◽  
Vaishali Chandel ◽  
Brijesh Rathi ◽  
Dhruv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and exported across the world leading to thousands of deaths and millions of suspected cases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection into the host undergoes a huge number of complex replicative machineries which still remains unclear. Understanding the mechanism (s) of replication and mode of infection of SARS-CoV2 to human cells will help us in the development of novel vaccines or drugs for the eradication and prevention of the disease. This review compiles the knowledge of SARS-CoV2 replicative machinery, mode of infection to the human cells and the development of drugs and vaccines which are currently under clinical trials.

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