scholarly journals Experiments of Transpiration Cooling Inspired Panel Cooling on a Turbine Blade Yielding Film Effectiveness Levels over 95%

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Augustin Wambersie ◽  
Holt Wong ◽  
Peter Ireland ◽  
Ignacio Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Transpiration Cooling ◽  
Surface Porosity ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Mass Flow Rates

Panels were tested at different locations around the turbine blade, on both suction and pressure surfaces. Three different surface porosities were also tested. Results demonstrated that the approach can be very successful with high levels of film cooling effectiveness, exceeding 95%, achieved using low coolant mass flow rates. Increasing the surface porosity also proved to be an important parameter in the panel’s performance. Additionally, staggering the film holes lead to significant positive interactions between individual films, resulting in much improved panel performance.

Leading Edge Film Cooling of a Turbine Blade Model Through Single and Double Row Injection: Effects of Coolant Density

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salcudean ◽  
I. Gartshore ◽  
K. Zhang ◽  
Y. Barnea
Keyword(s):  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Spanwise Direction ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Stagnation Line ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Staggered Arrangement

Experiments have been conducted on a large model of a turbine blade. Attention has been focussed on the leading edge region, which has a semi-circular shape and four rows of film cooling holes positioned symmetrically about the stagnation line. The cooling holes were oriented in a spanwise direction with an inclination of 30° to the surface, and had streamwise locations of ±15° and ±44° from the stagnation line. Film cooling effectiveness was measured using a heat/mass analogy. Single row cooling from the holes at 15° and 44° showed similar patterns: spanwise averaged effectiveness which rises from zero at zero coolant mass flow to a maximum value η* at some value of mass flow ratio M*, then drops to low values of η at higher M. The trends can be quantitatively explained from simple momentum considerations for either air or CO2 as the coolant gas. Close to the holes, air provides higher η values for small M. At higher M, particularly farther downstream, the CO2 may be superior. The use of an appropriately defined momentum ratio G collapses the data from both holes using either CO2 or air as coolant onto a single curve. For η*, the value of G for all data is about 0.1. Double row cooling with air as coolant shows that the relative stagger of the two rows is an important parameter. Holes in line with each other in successive rows can provide improvements in spanwise averaged film cooling effectiveness of as much as 100% over the common staggered arrangement. This improvement is due to the interaction between coolant from rows one and two, which tends to provide complete coverage of the downstream surface when the rows are placed correctly with respect to each other.

Background-Grid Based Mapping Approach to Film Cooling Meshing: Part III — Applications in a Full-Cooled Turbine Vane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqin Wang ◽  
Xin Yan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Structured Grids

Abstract To cool a high-pressure gas turbine blade, many rows of cooling holes with different arrangements and configurations are manufactured to achieve higher cooling effect and lower aerodynamic loss. To evaluate the heat transfer and film cooling effect in the full-cooled turbine blade, efficient numerical simulations are required in the design and performance optimization processes. From the view of numerical accuracy, the structured grids have to be employed because of higher resolution in flow and heat transfer than the unstructured grids. Because many splitting, attaching and merging manipulations are involved in meshing the cooling features and curved boundaries, it is very complex and time-consuming for a researcher to generate multi-block structured grids for a full-cooled gas turbine blade. As a result, in the industrial applications, almost all researchers preferred to generate unstructured grids instead of structured grids for the full-cooled blade. Unlike the previous research, the aim of this study is to apply the Background-Grid Based Mapping (BGBM) method proposed in Part I to generate multi-block structured grids for a full-cooled gas turbine vane. With the strategy of BGBM method, meshes were conveniently generated in the computational space with simple geometrical features and plain interfaces, and then were mapped back into physical space to obtain the multi-block structured grids which can be used for numerical simulations. With the experimental data, the present numerical methods and BGBM strategy were carefully validated. Then, the flow and film cooling performance in the full-cooled NASA GE-E3 nozzle guided vane were numerically investigated. The effects of coolant mass flow rate and land extensions on film cooling effectiveness were discussed. The results show that film cooling effectiveness near the stagnation point is the lowest and film cooling effectiveness on the pressure side is slightly higher than that on the suction side. When the coolant mass flow rate increases up to the value of 1.5 design flow, the relative outflow mass flow rates of cooling hole arrays and slots are no longer affected by the increase of the coolant flow rate. At half design flow, the outflow mass flow rates of No.5 hole-array to No.10 hole-array are almost zero, and the area-averaged film cooling effectiveness on vane surface is as low as 0.268. Compared with the cases of half design flow and double design flow, better film cooling performance is obtained in the cases of design flow and 1.5 design flow. Compared with the vane without lands, the area-average cooling effectiveness on vane surface is slightly higher for the vane with lands. Land extensions have a considerable influence on film cooling performance in the cutback region.

A One-Dimensional Analytical Method for Turbine Blade Preliminary Cooling Design

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Jian-jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cooling Design

The turbine blade cooling design is a complex procedure including one-dimensional preliminary cooling design, detailed two-dimensional design and fluid network analyses, and three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer and FEM predictions. Frequent alteration and modification of the cooling configurations make it unpractical to obtain all of three-dimensional design results quickly. Preliminary cooling design deals mainly with the coolant requirements and can be knitted into fluid network to look up the expected cooling structural style to promote three-dimensional geometry design. Previous methods to estimate the coolant requirements of the whole turbine blade in the preliminary cooling design were usually based on the semi-empirical air-cooled blade data. This paper combines turbine blade internal and external cooling, and presents a one-dimensional theoretical analytical method to investigate blade cooling performance, assuming that the coolant temperature increases along the blade span. Firstly, a function of non-dimensional cooling mass flow rate is derived to describe the new relationship between adiabatic film cooling effectiveness and overall cooling effectiveness. Secondly, a new variable related to film cooling is found to estimate the required adiabatic film cooling effectiveness without using the empirical correlations. Finally, a theoretical calculation about the relationship between non-dimensional cooling mass flow rate and overall cooling effectiveness well corresponds to semi-empirical air-cooled blade data within regular range of cooling efficiency. The currently proposed method is also a useful tool for the blade thermal analysis and the sensitivity analysis of coolant requirements to various design parameters. It not only can provide all the possible options at the given gas and coolant inlet temperatures to meet the design requirement, but also can give the third boundary conditions for calculating the blade temperature field. It’s convenient to use the heat transfer characteristic of internal cooling structures to estimate the coolant mass flow rate and the channel hydraulic diameter for both convection cooling and film cooling.

Effects of Film Hole Exit Radiusing on Film Cooling Performance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antar M. M. Abdala ◽  
Fifi N. M. Elwekeel ◽  
Qun Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Discharge Coefficient ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Net Heat Flux ◽  
Mass Flow Rates

In the present study, theoretical investigation of film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer behavior for radiusing of film hole exit was evaluated. Seven rounding radii of R=0.0D, 0.06D, 0.08D, 0.1D, 0.3D, 0.5D and 0.8D were investigated. The film cooling effectiveness, the heat transfer coefficient, net heat flux ratio and discharge coefficient were investigated. Four mass flow rates in the range of 0.00044: 0.0018[kg/s] were used to investigate the effects of coolant velocity on the film cooling performance. Results show that using the film hole exit radiusing helps in improvement the film cooling effectiveness. The radius of R=0.5D shows higher film cooling effectiveness among the other radii. The spatially average laterally film cooling effectiveness and net heat flux ratio of R=0.5D outperforms the case of R=0.0D at all mass flow rates except at higher rates the values are lower. Discharge coefficient of R=0.5D shows enhancement than R=0.0D with the pressure ratios. Interpretation of the low and high heat transfer coefficient regions for radii of R=0.5D and R= 0.0D depending on the flow structures was explained in detail.

An Experimental Study of Film Cooling Effectiveness Near the Leading Edge of a Turbine Blade

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salcudean ◽  
I. Gartshore ◽  
K. Zhang ◽  
I. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Stagnation Line ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Blade Model ◽  
Flow Division

A flame ionization technique based on the heat/mass transfer analogy has been used in an experimental investigation of film cooling effectiveness. The measurements were made over the surface of a turbine blade model composed of a semi-cylindrical leading edge bonded to a flat after-body. The secondary flow was injected into the boundary layer through four rows of holes located at ±15 and ±44 deg about the stagnation line of the leading edge. These holes, of diameter d, had a 30 deg spanwise inclination and a 4d spanwise spacing. Adjacent rows of holes were staggered by 2d, and perfect geometry symmetry was maintained across the stagnation line. Discharge coefficients and flow division between the 15 and 44 deg rows of holes have also been measured. The strong pressure gradient near the leading edge produces a strongly nonuniform flow division between the first (± 15 deg) and the second (± 44 deg) row of holes at low overall mass flow ratios. This produced a total cutoff of the coolant from the first row of holes at mass flow ratios lower than approximately 0.4, leaving the leading edge unprotected near the stagnation line. Streamwise and spanwise plots of effectiveness show that the best effectiveness values are obtained in a very narrow range of mass flux ratios near 0.4 where there is also considerable sensitivity to changes in Reynolds number. The effectiveness values deteriorate abruptly with decreasing mass flow ratios, and substantially with increasing mass flow ratios. Therefore, it was concluded that the cooling arrangement investigated has poor characteristics, and some suggestions are made for alternate designs.

Heat transfer and film cooling effectiveness on the squealer tip of a turbine blade

Energy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Su Park ◽  
Dong Hyun Lee ◽  
Dong-Ho Rhee ◽  
Shin Hyung Kang ◽  
Hyung Hee Cho
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness

3D Flow Prediction and Improvement of Holes Arrangement of a Film-Cooled Turbine Blade Using a Feature-Based Jet Model

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre´ Burdet ◽  
Reza S. Abhari
Keyword(s):  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Pressure Side ◽  
3D Flow ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Flow Prediction ◽  
Feature Based

A feature-based jet model has been proposed for use in 3D CFD prediction of turbine blade film cooling. The goal of the model is to be able to perform computationally efficient flow prediction and optimization of film-cooled turbine blades. The model reproduces in the near hole region the macro flow features of a coolant jet within a Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) framework. Numerical predictions of the 3D flow through a linear transonic film-cooled turbine cascade are carried out with the model, with a low computational overhead. Different cooling holes arrangement are computed and the prediction accuracy is evaluated versus experimental data. It shown that the present model provides a reasonably good prediction of the adiabatic film-cooling effectiveness and Nusselt number around the blade. A numerical analysis of the interaction of coolant jets issuing from different rows of holes on the blade pressure side is carried out. It is shown that the upward radial migration of the flow due to the passage secondary flow structure has an impact on the spreading of the coolant and the film cooling effectiveness on the blade surface. Based on this result, a new arrangement of the cooling holes for the present case is proposed that leads to a better spanwise covering of the coolant on the blade pressure side surface.

Heat Transfer Coefficients and Film Cooling Effectiveness on the Squealer Tip of a Gas Turbine Blade

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Su Kwak ◽  
Je-Chin Han
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Rotor Blade ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Blowing Ratio

Experimental investigations were performed to measure the detailed heat transfer coefficients and film cooling effectiveness on the squealer tip of a gas turbine blade in a five-bladed linear cascade. The blade was a two-dimensional model of a first stage gas turbine rotor blade with a profile of the GE-E3 aircraft gas turbine engine rotor blade. The test blade had a squealer (recessed) tip with a 4.22% recess. The blade model was equipped with a single row of film cooling holes on the pressure side near the tip region and the tip surface along the camber line. Hue detection based transient liquid crystals technique was used to measure heat transfer coefficients and film cooling effectiveness. All measurements were done for the three tip gap clearances of 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.5% of blade span at the two blowing ratios of 1.0 and 2.0. The Reynolds number based on cascade exit velocity and axial chord length was 1.1×106 and the total turning angle of the blade was 97.9 deg. The overall pressure ratio was 1.2 and the inlet and exit Mach numbers were 0.25 and 0.59, respectively. The turbulence intensity level at the cascade inlet was 9.7%. Results showed that the overall heat transfer coefficients increased with increasing tip gap clearance, but decreased with increasing blowing ratio. However, the overall film cooling effectiveness increased with increasing blowing ratio. Results also showed that the overall film cooling effectiveness increased but heat transfer coefficients decreased for the squealer tip when compared to the plane tip at the same tip gap clearance and blowing ratio conditions.

Aerothermal Effect of Cavity Welding Beads on a Transonic Squealer Tip

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Vieira ◽  
John Coull ◽  
Peter Ireland ◽  
Eduardo Romero
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
High Pressure Turbine ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Aerodynamic Loss ◽  
Blade Tip ◽  
Mass Flow Rates

Abstract High pressure turbine blade tips are critical for gas turbine performance and are sensitive to small geometric variations. For this reason, it is increasingly important for experiments and simulations to consider real geometry features. One commonly absent detail is the presence of welding beads on the cavity of the blade tip, which are an inherent by-product of the blade manufacturing process. This paper therefore investigates how such welds affect the Nusselt number, film cooling effectiveness and aerodynamic performance. Measurements are performed on a linear cascade of high pressure turbine blades at engine realistic Mach and Reynolds numbers. Two cooled blade tip geometries were tested: a baseline squealer geometry without welding beads, and a case with representative welding beads added to the tip cavity. Combinations of two tip gaps and several coolant mass flow rates were analysed. Pressure sensitive paint was used to measure the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness on the tip, which is supplemented by heat transfer coefficient measurements obtained via infrared thermography. Drawing from all of this data, it is shown that the weld beads have a generally detrimental impact on thermal performance, but with local variations. Aerodynamic loss measured downstream of the cascade is shown to be largely insensitive to the weld beads.

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