scholarly journals The Future of Stem Cells and Their Derivates in the Treatment of Glaucoma. A Critical Point of View

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11077
Author(s):  
Simona Delia Nicoară ◽  
Ioana Brie ◽  
Ancuța Jurj ◽  
Olga Sorițău
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Stem Cells Transplantation ◽  
Action Methods ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

This review focuses on the clinical translation of preclinical studies, especially those that have used stem cells in the treatment of glaucoma, with an emphasis on optic nerve regeneration. The studies referred to in the review aim to treat optic nerve atrophy, while cell therapies targeting other sites in the eye, such as the trabecular meshwork, have not been addressed. Such complex and varied pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to glaucoma may explain the fact that although stem cells have a high capacity of neuronal regeneration, the treatments performed did not have the expected results and the promise offered by animal studies was not achieved. By analyzing the facts associated with failure, important lessons are to be learned: the type of stem cells that are used, the route of administration, the selection of patients eligible for these treatments, additional therapies that support stem cells transplantation and their mode of action, methods of avoiding the host’s immune response. Many of these problems could be solved using exosomes (EV), but also miRNA, which allows more targeted approaches with minimal side effects.

scholarly journals Cell Replacement Therapy for Retinal and Optic Nerve Diseases: Cell Sources, Clinical Trials and Challenges

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 865
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Coco-Martin ◽  
Salvador Pastor-Idoate ◽  
Jose Carlos Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Limbal Stem Cells ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Optic Nerve Diseases ◽  
Cell Sources

The aim of this review was to provide an update on the potential of cell therapies to restore or replace damaged and/or lost cells in retinal degenerative and optic nerve diseases, describing the available cell sources and the challenges involved in such treatments when these techniques are applied in real clinical practice. Sources include human fetal retinal stem cells, allogenic cadaveric human cells, adult hippocampal neural stem cells, human CNS stem cells, ciliary pigmented epithelial cells, limbal stem cells, retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) (including both human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Of these, RPCs, PSCs and MSCs have already entered early-stage clinical trials since they can all differentiate into RPE, photoreceptors or ganglion cells, and have demonstrated safety, while showing some indicators of efficacy. Stem/progenitor cell therapies for retinal diseases still have some drawbacks, such as the inhibition of proliferation and/or differentiation in vitro (with the exception of RPE) and the limited long-term survival and functioning of grafts in vivo. Some other issues remain to be solved concerning the clinical translation of cell-based therapy, including (1) the ability to enrich for specific retinal subtypes; (2) cell survival; (3) cell delivery, which may need to incorporate a scaffold to induce correct cell polarization, which increases the size of the retinotomy in surgery and, therefore, the chance of severe complications; (4) the need to induce a localized retinal detachment to perform the subretinal placement of the transplanted cell; (5) the evaluation of the risk of tumor formation caused by the undifferentiated stem cells and prolific progenitor cells. Despite these challenges, stem/progenitor cells represent the most promising strategy for retinal and optic nerve disease treatment in the near future, and therapeutics assisted by gene techniques, neuroprotective compounds and artificial devices can be applied to fulfil clinical needs.

Transethmoid decompression of the optic nerve in head injuries: an update

1991 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhana R. Nayak ◽  
M. V. Kirtane ◽  
M. V. Ingle
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Loss Of Vision ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Criteria For Selection ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractSixty-three patients with loss of vision following head injury were subjected to decompression of the optic nerve by the transethmoid route. This paper discusses the criteria for selection of patients for surgery, the results of the operation and the prognostic factors determining the results.

scholarly journals Selection of DNA Aptamers for Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Fibroblasts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Izabella Abreu de Melo ◽  
Pricila da Silva Cunha ◽  
Marcelo Coutinho de Miranda ◽  
Joana Lobato Barbosa ◽  
Jerusa Araújo Quintão Arantes Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In recent years, stem cell therapy has shown promise in regenerative medicine. In this context, the distinction of mesenchymal stem cells from fibroblasts has been crucial for safe clinical application of these cells. In the present study, we developed aptamers capable of specifically recognize mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ASC) using the Cell-SELEX technique. We tested the affinity of ASC aptamers compared to dermal fibroblasts (FIB). Quantitative PCR was advantageous for the validation of four candidate aptamers in vitro. The binding capabilities of Apta 2 and Apta 42 could not distinguish both cell types, while Apta 21 and Apta 99 showed a better binding capacity to ASC with dissociation constants (Kd) of 50.46 ± 2.28 nM and 72.71 ± 10.3 nM, respectively. However, Apta 21 showed a Kd of 86.78 ± 9.14 nM when incubated with FIB. Therefore, only Apta 99 showed specificity to detect ASC. This aptamer is a promising tool for the in vitro identification of ASC. These results will help understand the differences between these two cell types for more specific and precise cell therapies.

scholarly journals Could Metabolic Syndrome, Lipodystrophy, and Aging Be Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exhaustion Syndromes?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mansilla ◽  
Vanina Díaz Aquino ◽  
Daniel Zambón ◽  
Gustavo Horacio Marin ◽  
Karina Mártire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Exhaustion ◽  
New Strategy

One of the most important and complex diseases of modern society is metabolic syndrome. This syndrome has not been completely understood, and therefore an effective treatment is not available yet. We propose a possible stem cell mechanism involved in the development of metabolic syndrome. This way of thinking lets us consider also other significant pathologies that could have similar etiopathogenic pathways, like lipodystrophic syndromes, progeria, and aging. All these clinical situations could be the consequence of a progressive and persistent stem cell exhaustion syndrome (SCES). The main outcome of this SCES would be an irreversible loss of the effective regenerative mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) pools. In this way, the normal repairing capacities of the organism could become inefficient. Our point of view could open the possibility for a new strategy of treatment in metabolic syndrome, lipodystrophic syndromes, progeria, and even aging: stem cell therapies.

scholarly journals Integrated Colony Imaging, Analysis, and Selection Device for Regenerative Medicine

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Kwee ◽  
Edward E. Herderick ◽  
Thomas Adams ◽  
James Dunn ◽  
Robert Germanowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Adherent Cell ◽  
Imaging Analysis ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Selection Of

Stem and progenitor cells derived from human tissues are being developed as cell sources for cell-based assays and therapies. However, tissue-derived stem and progenitor cells are heterogeneous. Differences in observed clones of stem cells likely reflect important aspects of the underlying state of the source cells, as well as future potency for cell therapies. This paper describes a colony analysis and picking device that provides quantitative analysis of heterogeneous cell populations and precise tools for cell picking for research or biomanufacturing applications. We describe an integrated robotic system that enables image acquisition and automated image analysis to be coupled with rapid automated selection of individual colonies in adherent cell cultures. Other automated systems have demonstrated feasibility with picking from semisolid media or off feeder layers. We demonstrate the capability to pick adherent bone-derived stem cells from tissue culture plastic. Cells are efficiently picked from a target site and transferred to a recipient well plate. Cells demonstrate viability and adherence and maintain biologic potential for surface markers CD73 and CD90 based on phase contrast and fluorescence imaging 6 days after transfer. Methods developed here can be applied to the study of other stem cell types and automated culture of cells.

scholarly journals Cell Therapy Replacement for Retinal and Optic Nerve Diseases: Cell Sources, Clinical Trials and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Coco-Martin ◽  
Salvador Pastor-Idoate ◽  
Jose C. Pastor Jimeno
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Limbal Stem Cells ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Optic Nerve Diseases ◽  
Cell Sources

The aim of this review was to provide an update on the potential of cell therapies to restore or replace damaged and/or lost cells in retinal degenerative and optic nerve diseases, describing the available cell sources and the challenges involved in such treatments when these techniques are applied in real clinical practice. Sources include human fetal retinal stem cells, allogenic cadaveric human cells, adult hippocampal neural stem cells, human CNS stem cells, ciliary pigmented epithelial cells, limbal stem cells, retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) (including both human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Of these, RPCs, PSCs and MSCs have already entered early-stage clinical trials since they can all differentiate into RPE, photoreceptors or ganglion cells, and have demonstrated safety, while showing some indicators of efficacy. Stem/progenitor cell therapies for retinal diseases still have some drawbacks, such as the inhibition of proliferation and/or differentiation in vitro (with the exception of RPE) and the limited long-term survival and functioning of grafts in vivo. Some other issues remain to be solved concerning the clinical translation of cell-based therapy, including (1) the ability to enrich for specific retinal subtypes; (2) cell survival; (3) cell delivery, which may need to incorporate a scaffold to induce correct cell polarization, which increases the size of the retinotomy in surgery and, therefore, the chance of severe complications; (4) the need to induce retinal detachment to perform the subretinal placement of the transplanted cell; and (5) the evaluation of the risk of tumor formation caused by the undifferentiated stem cells and prolific progenitor cells. Despite these challenges, stem/progenitor cells represent the most promising strategy for retinal and optic nerve disease treatment in the near future, and therapeutics assisted by gene techniques, neuroprotective compounds and artificial devices can be applied to fulfil clinical needs.

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