scholarly journals Possible Roles of tRNA Fragments, as New Regulatory ncRNAs, in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9481
Author(s):  
Satoshi Yamasaki ◽  
Munetoshi Nakashima ◽  
Hiroaki Ida
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Gene Analysis ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Targeted Drugs ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Pathological Mechanism

Understanding the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has led to the successful development of molecule-targeted drugs for the treatment of RA. However, some RA patients are refractory to these treatments, suggesting that the pathological mechanism of the disease is not entirely understood. Genome and transcriptome analysis is essential for understanding the unknown pathophysiology of human diseases. Rapid and more comprehensive gene analysis technologies have revealed notable changes in the expression of coding RNA and non-coding RNA in RA patients. This review focuses on the current state of non-coding RNA research in relation to RA, especially on tRNA fragments. Interestingly, it has been found that tRNA fragments repress translation and are antiapoptotic. The association between tRNA fragments and various diseases has been studied, and this article reviews the possible role of tRNA fragments in RA.

scholarly journals The Role of MicroRNAs in Repair Processes in Multiple Sclerosis

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor P. Duffy ◽  
Claire E. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Current State ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Different Cell Types

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder characterised by demyelination of central nervous system neurons with subsequent damage, cell death and disability. While mechanisms exist in the CNS to repair this damage, they are disrupted in MS and currently there are no treatments to address this deficit. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the influence of the small, non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), in autoimmune disorders, including MS. In this review, we examine the role of miRNAs in remyelination in the different cell types that contribute to MS. We focus on key miRNAs that have a central role in mediating the repair process, along with several more that play either secondary or inhibitory roles in one or more aspects. Finally, we consider the current state of miRNAs as therapeutic targets in MS, acknowledging current challenges and potential strategies to overcome them in developing effective novel therapeutics to enhance repair mechanisms in MS.

scholarly journals Population epigenetics, ecotoxicology and human diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
Eugene L Patkin ◽  
Henry A Sofronov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Variability ◽  
Current State ◽  
Population Epigenetics

The review critically examines the current state of population epigenetics. Possible mechanisms of intergenerational inheritance of epigenetic and epigenomic modifications as a condition of population epigenetics reality are examined. Special attention is paid to the role of external factors, including diet and various chemical compounds as modulators of the epigenome, and the possible inheritance of epigenetic variability characteristics under the influence of such environmental factors. The role of epigenetic mechanisms in the etiology and susceptibility to complex human diseases is considered.

scholarly journals The Regulatory Role of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Yi Loh ◽  
Brendan P. Norman ◽  
Kok-Song Lai ◽  
Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd. Rahman ◽  
Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Current State ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
State Of Research

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules which function as critical post-transcriptional gene regulators of various biological functions. Generally, miRNAs negatively regulate gene expression by binding to their selective messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby leading to either mRNA degradation or translational repression, depending on the degree of complementarity with target mRNA sequences. Aberrant expression of these miRNAs has been linked etiologically with various human diseases including breast cancer. Different cellular pathways of breast cancer development such as cell proliferation, apoptotic response, metastasis, cancer recurrence and chemoresistance are regulated by either the oncogenic miRNA (oncomiR) or tumor suppressor miRNA (tsmiR). In this review, we highlight the current state of research into miRNA involved in breast cancer, with particular attention to articles published between the years 2000 to 2019, using detailed searches of the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The post-transcriptional gene regulatory roles of various dysregulated miRNAs in breast cancer and their potential as therapeutic targets are also discussed.

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNA PVT1 and Its Target miRNA-146a as Potential Prognostic Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Randa Erfan ◽  
Olfat G. Shaker ◽  
Mahmoud A. F. Khalil ◽  
Yumn A. Elsabagh ◽  
Azza M. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Objective: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their target microRNAs were documented in multiple studies to have a significant role in different joint disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). The current work aimed to determine the potential role of lnc-PVT1 and miR-146a as promising biomarkers to distinguish between RA, OA patients, and healthy individuals. Methods: The expression levels of lnc-PVT1 and its target miR-146a in the serum were measured for three different groups, including patients with RA (40), OA patients (40), and healthy controls (HCs) (40). Participating individuals were subjected to a full history investigation and clinical examination. Blood samples were tested for ESR, RF, CBC, as well as liver and renal functions. Serum was used to detect the relative expression levels of lnc-PVT1 and miR-146a and we correlated the levels with RA and OA activity and severity signs. Results: Lnc-PVT1 expression level was greater among patients with RA compared to that of OA patients, with a fold change median of 2.62 and 0.22, respectively (p = 0.001). The miR-146a fold change was significantly demonstrated between the RA, OA, and HCs groups. There was no correlation between both biomarkers with the disease activity scales (DAS28) of RA, the Knee injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), or any sign of detection of the disease severity of OA. Conclusions: lnc-PVT1 and miR-146a could be considered as promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of RA and OA and may have an important role as therapeutic targets in the future.

Therapeutic potential of non-coding RNAs and TLR signalling pathways in Rheumatoid arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Liu ◽  
Xiaoxu Wang ◽  
Shufeng Wang ◽  
Fengxia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common connective tissue disease, characteristic of chronic and invasive synovitis in single or multiple joints and vasculitis. RA is a heterogeneous disease with unclear pathogenesis. Therefore, exploring the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease is essential for identifying new promising treatment strategy for RA. Accumulated data have implicated the significant role of non-coding RNA in RA, some of which are demonstrated to regulate inflammation and autoimmunity in RA through toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. To clarify the mechanism of non-coding RNA regulating the generation of proinflammatory mediators is helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of RA. Moreover, these well established non-coding RNAs can serve as novel biotargets for RA diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Here, we summarize currently available data on non-coding RNAs, TLRs, and the underlying molecular mechanisms in RA. This review will provide insight into the potential use of non-coding RNA as disease diagnosis and treatment markers for RA.

Experimental Amyloidosis Induced by Immune Complex

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
A. Kawaoi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complex ◽  
Systemic Amyloidosis ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Experimental Amyloidosis ◽  
Freund’S Complete Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Complete Adjuvant ◽  
Immunological Approach ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Numbers of immunological approach have been made to the amyloidosis through the variety of predisposing human diseases and the experimentally induced animals by the greater number of agents. The results suggest an important role of impaired immunity involving both humoral and cell-mediated aspects.Recently the author has succeeded in producing amyloidosis in the rabbits and mice by the injections of immune complex of heat denatured DNA.The aim of this report is to demonstrate the details of the ultrastructure of the amyloidosis induced by heterologous insoluble immune complex. Eleven of twelve mice, dd strain, subcutaneously injected twice a week with Freund's complete adjuvant and four of seven animals intraperitonially injected developed systemic amyloidosis two months later from the initial injections. The spleens were electron microscopically observed.

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