scholarly journals Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes as Model Genes for Genome Editing in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8752
Author(s):  
Emil Khusnutdinov ◽  
Anna Sukhareva ◽  
Maria Panfilova ◽  
Elena Mikhaylova
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Expression Systems ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigmentation ◽  
Phenotypic Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Genes

CRISPR/Cas, one of the most rapidly developing technologies in the world, has been applied successfully in plant science. To test new nucleases, gRNA expression systems and other inventions in this field, several plant genes with visible phenotypic effects have been constantly used as targets. Anthocyanin pigmentation is one of the most easily identified traits, that does not require any additional treatment. It is also associated with stress resistance, therefore plants with edited anthocyanin genes might be of interest for agriculture. Phenotypic effect of CRISPR/Cas editing of PAP1 and its homologs, DFR, F3H and F3′H genes have been confirmed in several distinct plant species. DFR appears to be a key structural gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis, controlled by various transcription factors. There are still many promising potential model genes that have not been edited yet. Some of them, such as Delila, MYB60, HAT1, UGT79B2, UGT79B3 and miR156, have been shown to regulate drought tolerance in addition to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Genes, also involved in trichome development, such as TTG1, GLABRA2, MYBL2 and CPC, can provide increased visibility. In this review successful events of CRISPR/Cas editing of anthocyanin genes are summarized, and new model genes are proposed. It can be useful for molecular biologists and genetic engineers, crop scientists, plant genetics and physiologists.

Design and Application about System of Plant Science Popularization Based on the QR Code

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 1303-1308
Author(s):  
Jing Hua Han ◽  
Ming Jia Li
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
General Public ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Science Popularization ◽  
The World

Plant is not only closely related to human beings’ life, but also an integral part of raw materials in production. Protection of nature and plant resources is an increasingly urgent needs around the world. Cognition is a prerequisite for the protection of plant. But the way of plant science popularization is old, the knowledge of plant is too obscure to the general public. The system of plant science popularization based on the QR code spreads the knowledge of plant with illustrations interactively, to facilitate ordinary users to learn, understand and identify plant species. The article will detail all aspects of development of the system, allowing more scholars to understand the digitized plant science popularization under the new media.

scholarly journals Taxonomy of the genus Commelina Plum. ex L. (Commelinaceae) in Nepal

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti P Gajurel ◽  
Krishna K Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Key Words Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Characters

About 170 species of Commelina are known from tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Nepal contributes 6 species of Commelina to the world flora. In the present work, taxonomy of all the six species of Commelina reported from Nepal (C. benghalensis, C. caroliniana, C. diffusa, C. maculata, C. paludosa and C. suffruticosa) was studied. Voucher specimens were collected from Central and Eastern Nepal, covering 14 districts. Morphological characters were studied from these collections. Palynological and anatomical characters were also used to see if they are taxonomically important to delimit the taxa within Commelina. Morphological characters seemed promising to delimit the taxa within Commelina. The key identifying characters at species level are modification in root, form of spathe, structure of leaves and seeds, shape of stomata and pollen. Palynological and anatomical characters were also useful, to some extent, in separating some species, but were not significant as compared to morphological data. Some specimens, close to C. benghalensis and C. caroliniana, showed very different characters. Thus further study is needed to confirm their taxonomic status. Key-words: anatomy; flora; morphological characters; palynology; voucher specimens.DOI: 10.3126/botor.v6i0.2907 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 25-31

scholarly journals Construction of yeast one-hybrid library and screening of transcription factors regulating LhMYBSPLATTER expression in Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium spp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Cao ◽  
Mengmeng Bi ◽  
Panpan Yang ◽  
Meng Song ◽  
Guoren He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigmentation ◽  
Cdna Insert ◽  
R2r3 Myb ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Anthocyanins, which belong to flavonoids, are widely colored among red-purple pigments in the Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium spp.). Transcription factor (TF) LhMYBSPLATTER (formerly known as LhMYB12-Lat), identified as the major kernel protein, regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in ‘Tiny Padhye’ of Tango Series cultivars, which the pigmentation density is high in the lower half of tepals and this patterning is of exceptional ornamental value. However, the research on mechanism of regulating the spatial and temporal expression differences of LhMYBSPLATTER, which belongs to the R2R3-MYB subfamily, is still not well established. To explore the molecular mechanism of directly related regulatory proteins of LhMYBSPLATTER in the anthocyanin pigmentation, the yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) cDNA library was constructed and characterized. Results In this study, we describe a yeast one-hybrid library to screen transcription factors that regulate LhMYBSPLATTER gene expression in Lilium, with the library recombinant efficiency of over 98%. The lengths of inserted fragments ranged from 400 to 2000 bp, and the library capacity reached 1.6 × 106 CFU of cDNA insert, which is suitable to fulfill subsequent screening. Finally, seven prey proteins, including BTF3, MYB4, IAA6-like, ERF4, ARR1, ERF WIN1-like, and ERF061 were screened by the recombinant bait plasmid and verified by interaction with the LhMYBSPLATTER promoter. Among them, ERFs, AUX/IAA, and BTF3 may participate in the negative regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in Lilium. Conclusion A yeast one-hybrid library of lily was successfully constructed in the tepals for the first time. Seven candidate TFs of LhMYBSPLATTER were screened, which may provide a theoretical basis for the study of floral pigmentation.

scholarly journals Taxonomic study of some medicinally important species of Swertia L. (Gentianaceae) in Nepal

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilli Prasad Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Characters ◽  
Selection Of

Among 100 species of Swertia reported from the world, Nepal harbors 30 species along with four varieties. In Nepal, species of Swertia are highly exploited as raw materials for different traditional medicines. Among them, S. chirayita, a vulnerable species, has been considered to be superior in medicine and trade. One of the main issues in its trade is adulteration with other species which are considered to be inferior in medicinal quality. Species which are mixed with S. chirayita are S. angustifolia, S. ciliata, S. dilatata, S. paniculata, S. racemosa, etc. There is a need for the selection of most important morphological characteristics for instant identification of different species of Swertia to check illegal trade as well as adulteration. This paper aims to provide the most important identifying characters of eight species of Swertia traded from Nepal on the basis of their morphological studies. Color of the petal, number of floral parts (tetramerous vs. pentamerous) and number of glands in petal are the key characters for the identification of the species. Key-words: adulteration; medicinal plant; morphological characters.DOI: 10.3126/botor.v6i0.2906 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 18-24

Christopher John Lamb CBE. 19 March 1950 — 21 August 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 189-213
Author(s):  
Joanne Chory ◽  
Rod Casey
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Defence Signalling ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Chris Lamb was one of the most influential plant biologists of his time. He was director of the Plant Biology Laboratory at the Salk Institute and of the John Innes Centre, two of the world's leading plant and microbial research institutions. He was recognized by the Institute for Scientific Information as one of the most highly cited researchers worldwide in plant and animal science. His field of study was plant–pathogen interactions, and he made seminal contributions to the understanding of the molecular basis of plant defence. His efforts led to discoveries such as how cell wall composition influences microbial entry, which plant genes are rapidly induced on infection, and the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in plant defence signalling. His work demonstrated a number of links between defence responses in plants and in animals. He believed that plant and microbial science research could be used to improve the world, and he took his belief to the local communities, to regional and national media and to Westminster. He had a skill for talent spotting, and one of his major legacies is the number of careers that he nurtured and are now flourishing at universities and institutes across the world.

scholarly journals The genetic control of anthocyanin biosynthesis by homoeologous chromosomes in wheat

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Gale ◽  
Richard B. Flavell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigmentation ◽  
Anthocyanin Production ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

SUMMARYColeoptile anthocyanin pigmentation in the hexaploid variety of wheat, Hope, is due to at least eight anthocyanins including four acylated forms. All are derivatives of either cyanidin or peonidin. Two homoeologous chromosomes, 7A and 7B, are involved in anthocyanin production. Both chromosomes carry genes that promote the synthesis of the same anthocyanins from flavonoid precursors. The roles of chromosomes 7A and 7B in anthocyanin biosynthesis and the consequences of interallelic interaction and dominance of possibly homoeologous loci are discussed.

scholarly journals Anthocyanin Regulatory/Structural Gene Expression in Phalaenopsis

2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Ma ◽  
Margaret Pooler ◽  
Robert Griesbach
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigmentation ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Wild Type Phenotype ◽  
Coordinated Expression ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Levels

Anthocyanin biosynthesis requires the coordinated expression of Myc, Wd, Chs, Dfr, and Myb. Chs and Dfr are structural genes, while Myc, Myb, and Wd are regulatory genes. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of these genes in Phalaenopsis amabilis and Phalaenopsis schilleriana. P. amabilis expresses an albescent phenotype with petals and sepals that are anthocyanin free, while P. schilleriana has a wild-type phenotype with anthocyanin-containing petals and sepals. As expected, the petals and sepals of P. schilleriana expressed high levels of Chs and Dfr. The petals and sepals of P. amabilis expressed high levels of Chs and very low levels of Dfr. In P. amabilis and P. schilleriana, anthocyanin-specific Myc and Wd were expressed; however, Myb specific for anthocyanin biosynthesis were undetectable in P. amabilis. This suggests that the absence of Myb expression was responsible for the lack of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and results in the absence of anthocyanin pigmentation in P. amabilis petals and sepals. This was confirmed by particle bombardment of P. amabilis petals with functional Mybs isolated from P. schilleriana. Comparisons of anthocyanin-related Myb gene expression between P. schilleriana and P. amabilis are between genetically different species. Phalaenopsis ‘Everspring Fairy’ expresses a harlequin phenotype with white petals and sepals containing large anthocyanin sectors. Harlequin flowers are ideal to evaluate anthocyanin-related Myb gene expression within genetically identical but differently pigmented tissue. High levels of anthocyanin-specific Myb and Dfr transcripts were present in the purple, but not in the white, sectors of Phalaenopsis ‘Everspring Fairy’ petals and sepals. There was no differential expression of Chs, Wd, and Myc between the purple and white sectors. These results are in agreement with the results from P. amabilis and P. schilleriana.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ACCOMMODATION OF PERSONS WITH PSYCHOSOMATIC DISEASES

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Т. Klebays ◽  
О. Dets
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Psychosomatic Disorders ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Frustration Tolerance ◽  
The World ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Psychosomatic Diseases

The article is devoted to a comparative study of the attitudes of healthy individuals and individuals with psychosomatic disorders. In the process of research, a theoretical model was created “Features of the attitudes of individuals with psychosomatics”. As a result of an empirical study, it was found that in the sample of healthy individuals and people with psychosomatosis there are significant differences in formation and beliefs. Particularly pronounced were the differences between the samples according to their propensity for catastrophization and frustration tolerance, perception of justice, controllability of the world, randomness as a principle of distribution of events. It was revealed that people with psychosomatoses are more likely to consider the world unfair than healthy ones, events are random, uncontrollable, therefore they often present their development in the future as a catastrophe and have reduced stress resistance. There was also some difference in the perception of duties on their own and on others.

Setting new standards in schizophrenia outcomes: Symptomatic remission 3years before versus after the andreasen criteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gorwood ◽  
J. Peuskens ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Goals ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Remission Criteria ◽  
Symptomatic Remission

AbstractSymptomatic remission is often mentioned as one of the treatment goals for schizophrenia. However, the consistently with which this is documented in the schizophrenia literature since the introduction of the consensus criteria proposed by Andreasen and colleagues in 2005 has yet to be investigated. Similarly, additional treatment goals which are being discussed include improved functioning and quality of life, but whether these goals are being increasingly documented in the literature alongside symptomatic remission is as yet unknown. The objective of this article is therefore to review the use of the term ‘remission’ in the schizophrenia literature from Europe, USA and the rest of the world from 2002 to 2007, before and after the introduction of the Andreasen criteria. A second objective is to determine whether these manuscripts documenting symptomatic remission are also addressing other concepts such as functioning, quality of life and relationships. This literature review indicates that the use of the Andreasen criteria is indeed increasing, although there are manuscripts documenting alternative remission criteria or using the term remission without documentation of specific remission criteria. From 2004 to 2007 the number of manuscripts mentioning remission without documenting specific criteria has fallen by approximately 50%. Within these manuscripts there is increasing awareness of functioning and quality of life as outcome measures, in particular in manuscripts generated in Europe and the USA. This review highlights the growing importance of co-assessment of symptomatic remission and functional outcomes, and calls for further consideration of the most appropriate and consistent way to evaluate functioning of schizophrenia patients.

A novel NAC transcription factor, MdNAC42, regulates anthocyanin accumulation in red-fleshed apple by interacting with MdMYB10

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
Shuangyi Zhang ◽  
Yixi Chen ◽  
Lingling Zhao ◽  
Chenqi Li ◽  
Jingyun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Flavonoid Pathway ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigmentation

Abstract Anthocyanin pigmentation is an important consumption trait of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). In this study, we focused on the identification of NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) proteins involved in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in apple flesh. A group of MdNACs was selected for comparison of expression patterns between the white-fleshed cultivar ‘Granny Smith’ and red-fleshed ‘Redlove’. Among them, MdNAC42 was screened, which exhibited a higher expression level in red-fleshed than in white-fleshed fruit, and has a positive correlation with anthocyanin content as fruits ripened. Moreover, overexpression of MdNAC42 in apple calli resulted in the up-regulation of flavonoid pathway genes, including MdCHS, MdCHI, MdF3H, MdDFR, MdANS and MdUFGT, thereby increasing the accumulation of anthocyanins, which confirmed the roles of MdNAC42 in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Notably, MdNAC42 was demonstrated to have an obvious interaction with MdMYB10 either in vitro or in vivo by yeast two-hybrid combined with bimolecular fluorescence complementation, further suggesting that MdNAC42 is an important part of the regulatory network controlling the anthocyanin pigmentation of red-fleshed apples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report identifying the MdNAC gene as related to anthocyanin accumulation in red-fleshed apples. This study provides valuable information for improving the regulatory model of anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit.

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