scholarly journals The Role of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Erythropoietin Signalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7682
Author(s):  
Zuzana Tóthová ◽  
Martina Šemeláková ◽  
Zuzana Solárová ◽  
Jana Tomc ◽  
Nataša Debeljak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Specific Tissue

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein cytokine known for its pleiotropic effects on various types of cells and tissues. EPO and its receptor EPOR trigger signaling cascades JAK2/STAT5, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT that are interconnected and irreplaceable for cell survival. In this article, we describe the role of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways during red blood cell formation as well as in non-hematopoietic tissues and tumor cells. Although the central framework of these pathways is similar for most of cell types, there are some stage-specific, tissue, and cell-lineage differences. We summarize the current state of research in this field, highlight the novel members of EPO-induced PI3K and MAPK signaling, and in this respect also the differences between erythroid and non-erythroid cells.

scholarly journals Non-apoptotic enteroblast-specific role of the initiator caspase Dronc for development and homeostasis of the Drosophila intestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian L. Lindblad ◽  
Meghana Tare ◽  
Alla Amcheslavsky ◽  
Alicia Shields ◽  
Andreas Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Mutant Phenotype ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Card Domain

AbstractThe initiator caspase Dronc is the only CARD-domain containing caspase in Drosophila and is essential for apoptosis. Here, we report that homozygous dronc mutant adult animals are short-lived due to the presence of a poorly developed, defective and leaky intestine. Interestingly, this mutant phenotype can be significantly rescued by enteroblast-specific expression of dronc+ in dronc mutant animals, suggesting that proper Dronc function specifically in enteroblasts, one of four cell types in the intestine, is critical for normal development of the intestine. Furthermore, enteroblast-specific knockdown of dronc in adult intestines triggers hyperplasia and differentiation defects. These enteroblast-specific functions of Dronc do not require the apoptotic pathway and thus occur in a non-apoptotic manner. In summary, we demonstrate that an apoptotic initiator caspase has a very critical non-apoptotic function for normal development and for the control of the cell lineage in the adult midgut and therefore for proper physiology and homeostasis.

scholarly journals Role of viruses in biliary atresia: news from mice and men

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Petersen ◽  
Omid Madadi-Sanjani
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Biliary Tree ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Kasai Procedure ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Oriented Approach

AbstractBiliary atresia (BA) is still an enigmatic disease of unknown etiology and cryptic pathomechanism. Despite the fact that BA is rated among rare diseases, it represents the most frequent indication for pediatric liver transplantation. Although every effort is made to elucidate the origin of the ongoing deterioration of liver function, no breakthrough has so far been achieved, which switches the surgical but symptomatic therapy to a cause-oriented approach. The nowadays leading hypothesis focuses on hepatotropic virus as a triggering agent for an autoimmunological self-limiting inflammatory process along the entire biliary tree. The present review highlights the current state of research on the factor “viruses in biliary atresia” in both patients undergoing the Kasai procedure and the virus-induced BA mouse model.

scholarly journals The Role of MicroRNAs in Repair Processes in Multiple Sclerosis

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor P. Duffy ◽  
Claire E. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Current State ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Different Cell Types

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder characterised by demyelination of central nervous system neurons with subsequent damage, cell death and disability. While mechanisms exist in the CNS to repair this damage, they are disrupted in MS and currently there are no treatments to address this deficit. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the influence of the small, non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), in autoimmune disorders, including MS. In this review, we examine the role of miRNAs in remyelination in the different cell types that contribute to MS. We focus on key miRNAs that have a central role in mediating the repair process, along with several more that play either secondary or inhibitory roles in one or more aspects. Finally, we consider the current state of miRNAs as therapeutic targets in MS, acknowledging current challenges and potential strategies to overcome them in developing effective novel therapeutics to enhance repair mechanisms in MS.

scholarly journals Developing a Chronology Integrating Archaeological and Environmental Data from Different Contexts: The Late Holocene Sequence of Ounjougou (Mali)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Ozainne ◽  
Laurent Lespez ◽  
Yann Le Drezen ◽  
Barbara Eichhorn ◽  
Katharina Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anthropogenic Fires ◽  
Holocene Stratigraphy ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
A Site

At Ounjougou, a site complex situated in the Yamé River valley on the Bandiagara Plateau (Dogon country, Mali), multidisciplinary research has revealed a rich archaeological and paleoenvironmental sequence used to reconstruct the history of human-environment interactions, especially during the Late Holocene (3500–300 cal BC). Geomorphological, archaeological, and archaeobotanical data coming from different sites and contexts were combined in order to elaborate a chronocultural and environmental model for this period. Bayesian analysis of 54 14C dates included within the general Late Holocene stratigraphy of Ounjougou provides better accuracy for limits of the main chronological units, as well as for some particularly important events, like the onset of agriculture in the region. The scenario that can be proposed in the current state of research shows an increasing role of anthropogenic fires from the 3rd millennium cal BC onwards, and the appearance of food production during the 2nd millennium cal BC, coupled with a distinctive cultural break. The Late Holocene sequence ends around 300 cal BC with an important sedimentary hiatus that lasts until the end of the 4th century cal AD.

scholarly journals Leptin Upregulates the Expression of β3-Integrin, MMP9, HB-EGF, and IL-1β in Primary Porcine Endometrium Epithelial Cells In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6508
Author(s):  
Hongfang Wang ◽  
Jinlian Fu ◽  
Aiguo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Β3 Integrin ◽  
Epithelium Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent

Obesity has become a global health problem. Research suggests that leptin, a hormone that responds to fat deposition, may be involved in mammalian reproduction; however, its precise role in embryo implantation is poorly understood. Here, primary porcine endometrium epithelium cells (PEECs) were cultured in vitro and used to evaluate the regulatory role of different leptin levels on β3-integrin, MMP9, HB-EGF, and IL-1β, which are, respectively, involved in four critical steps of embryo implantation. Results showed that only 0.01 nM leptin significantly improved β3-integrin mRNA expression (p < 0.05). MMP9 and HB-EGF mRNA expressions were upregulated by 0.10–10.00 nM leptin (p < 0.05). The IL-1β expression level was only increased by 10.00 nM leptin (p < 0.05). β3-integrin, MMP9, HB-EGF, and IL-1β mRNA and protein have a similar fluctuant response to increased leptin. Leptin’s influence on β3-integrin, MMP9, HB-EGF, and IL-1β disappeared when the JAK2, PI(3)K, or MAPK signaling pathways were blocked, respectively. In conclusion, leptin affected porcine implantation by regulating the expression of β3-integrin, MMP9, HB-EGF, and IL-1β in a dose-dependent manner. The signaling pathways of JAK2, PI(3)K, and MAPK may participate in this regulatory process. These findings will contribute to further understanding the mechanisms of reproductive disorders in obesity.

scholarly journals Role of YAP/TAZ in Cell Lineage Fate Determination and Related Signaling Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boon C. Heng ◽  
Xuehui Zhang ◽  
Dominique Aubel ◽  
Yunyang Bai ◽  
Xiaochan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Fate Determination
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document