scholarly journals Role of YAP/TAZ in Cell Lineage Fate Determination and Related Signaling Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boon C. Heng ◽  
Xuehui Zhang ◽  
Dominique Aubel ◽  
Yunyang Bai ◽  
Xiaochan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Fate Determination

scholarly journals The Role of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Erythropoietin Signalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7682
Author(s):  
Zuzana Tóthová ◽  
Martina Šemeláková ◽  
Zuzana Solárová ◽  
Jana Tomc ◽  
Nataša Debeljak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Specific Tissue

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein cytokine known for its pleiotropic effects on various types of cells and tissues. EPO and its receptor EPOR trigger signaling cascades JAK2/STAT5, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT that are interconnected and irreplaceable for cell survival. In this article, we describe the role of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways during red blood cell formation as well as in non-hematopoietic tissues and tumor cells. Although the central framework of these pathways is similar for most of cell types, there are some stage-specific, tissue, and cell-lineage differences. We summarize the current state of research in this field, highlight the novel members of EPO-induced PI3K and MAPK signaling, and in this respect also the differences between erythroid and non-erythroid cells.

Dual Role of RKIP in NF-kB Signaling Pathways

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Huihui Tang ◽  
Sungdae Park ◽  
Kam C. Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Dual Role

Biological role of AKT, and regulation of AKT signaling pathway by thymoquinone: perspectives in cancer therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Junaid ◽  
Yeasmin Akter ◽  
Syeda Samira Afrose ◽  
Mousumi Tania ◽  
Md. Asaduzzaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Anti Cancer

Background: AKT/PKB is an important enzyme with numerous biological functions, and its overexpression is related to the carcinogenesis. AKT stimulates different signaling pathways that are downstream of activated tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, hence functions as an important target for anti-cancer drugs. Objective: In this review article, we have interpreted the role of AKT signaling pathways in cancer and natural inhibitory effect of Thymoquinone (TQ) in AKT and its possible mechanism. Method: We have collected the updated information and data on AKT, their role in cancer and inhibitory effect of TQ in AKT signaling pathway from google scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, Scopus and many more. Results: There are many drugs already developed, which can target AKT, but very few among them have passed clinical trials. TQ is a natural compound, mainly found in black cumin, which has been found to have potential anti-cancer activities. TQ targets numerous signaling pathways, including AKT, in different cancers. In fact, many studies revealed that AKT is one of the major targets of TQ. The preclinical success of TQ suggests its clinical studies on cancer. Conclusion: This review article summarizes the role of AKT in carcinogenesis, its potent inhibitors in clinical trials, and how TQ acts as an inhibitor of AKT and TQ’s future as a cancer therapeutic drug.

The Role of Lipids and Membranes in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive View

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 1191-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Botond Penke ◽  
Gábor Paragi ◽  
János Gera ◽  
Róbert Berkecz ◽  
Zsolt Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Lipid Signaling ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Aβ Peptides

Lipids participate in Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) trafficking and processing - important factors in the initiation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis and influence the formation of neurotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. An important risk factor, the presence of ApoE4 protein in AD brain cells binds the lipids to AD. In addition, lipid signaling pathways have a crucial role in the cellular homeostasis and depend on specific protein-lipid interactions. The current review focuses on pathological alterations of membrane lipids (cholesterol, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids) and lipid metabolism in AD and provides insight in the current understanding of biological membranes, their lipid structures and functions, as well as their role as potential therapeutic targets. Novel methods for studying the membrane structure and lipid composition will be reviewed in a broad sense whereas the use of lipid biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD will be shortly summarized. Interactions of Aβ peptides with the cell membrane and different subcellular organelles are reviewed. Next, the details of the most important lipid signaling pathways, including the role of the plasma membrane as stress sensor and its therapeutic applications are given. 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal may play a special role in the initiation of the pathogenesis of AD and thus the “calpain-cathepsin hypothesis” of AD is highlighted. Finally, the most important lipid dietary factors and their possible use and efficacy in the prevention of AD are discussed.

The Signaling Pathways in Nitric Oxide Production by Neutrophils Exposed to N-nitrosodimethylamine

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona ◽  
Ewa Jablonska
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Background: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a crucial role in the innate immune system’s response to microbial pathogens through the release of reactive nitrogen species, including Nitric Oxide (NO). </P><P> Methods: In neutrophils, NO is produced by the inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), which is regulated by various signaling pathways and transcription factors. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a potential human carcinogen, affects immune cells. NDMA plays a major part in the growing incidence of cancers. Thanks to the increasing knowledge on the toxicological role of NDMA, the environmental factors that condition the exposure to this compound, especially its precursors- nitrates arouse wide concern. Results: In this article, we present a detailed summary of the molecular mechanisms of NDMA’s effect on the iNOS-dependent NO production in human neutrophils. Conclusion: This research contributes to a more complete understanding of the mechanisms that explain the changes that occur during nonspecific cellular responses to NDMA toxicity.

Classic and Novel Signaling Pathways Involved in Cancer: Targeting the NF-κB and Syk Signaling Pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Tang ◽  
Guodong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Transmembrane Receptors ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Different Types

The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) consists of a family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of a wide variety of biological responses. Growing evidence support that NF-κB plays a major role in oncogenesis as well as its well-known function in the regulation of immune responses and inflammation. Therefore, we made a review of the diverse molecular mechanisms by which the NF-κB pathway is constitutively activated in different types of human cancers and the potential role of various oncogenic genes regulated by this transcription factor in cancer development and progression. We also discussed various pharmacological approaches employed to target the deregulated NF-κB signaling pathway and their possible therapeutic potential in cancer therapy. Moreover, Syk (Spleen tyrosine kinase), non-receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates signal transduction downstream of a variety of transmembrane receptors including classical immune-receptors like the B-cell receptor (BCR), which can also activate the inflammasome and NF-κB-mediated transcription of chemokines and cytokines in the presence of pathogens would be discussed as well. The highlight of this review article is to summarize the classic and novel signaling pathways involved in NF-κB and Syk signaling and then raise some possibilities for cancer therapy.

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