scholarly journals Influence of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Genetic Variants on the Subjective Effects of Smoked Cannabis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7388
Author(s):  
Thomas Murphy ◽  
Justin Matheson ◽  
Robert E. Mann ◽  
Bruna Brands ◽  
Christine M. Wickens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor 1 ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
The Impact

As many jurisdictions consider relaxing cannabis legislation and usage is increasing in North America and other parts of the world, there is a need to explore the possible genetic differences underlying the subjective effects of cannabis. This pilot study investigated specific genetic variations within the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene for association with the subjective effects of smoked cannabis. Data were obtained from a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial studying the impact of cannabis intoxication on driving performance. Participants randomized to the active cannabis group who consented to secondary genetic analysis (n = 52) were genotyped at the CNR1 rs1049353 and rs2023239 polymorphic areas. Maximum value and area under the curve (AUC) analyses were performed on subjective measures data. Analysis of subjective effects by genotype uncovered a global trend towards greater subjective effects for rs1049353 T-allele- and rs2023239 C-allele-carrying subjects. However, significant differences attributed to allelic identity were only documented for a subset of subjective effects. Our findings suggest that rs1049353 and rs2023239 minor allele carriers experience augmented subjective effects during acute cannabis intoxication.

scholarly journals Meropenem Plasma and Interstitial Soft Tissue Concentrations in Obese and Nonobese Patients—A Controlled Clinical Trial

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 931
Author(s):  
Philipp Simon ◽  
David Petroff ◽  
David Busse ◽  
Jana Heyne ◽  
Felix Girrbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
The Impact

Background: This controlled clinical study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics of meropenem. Methods: Obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2) and age-/sex-matched nonobese (18.5 kg/m2 ≥ BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2) surgical patients received a short-term infusion of 1000-mg meropenem. Concentrations were determined via high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) in the plasma and microdialysate from the interstitial fluid (ISF) of subcutaneous tissue up to eight h after dosing. An analysis was performed in the plasma and ISF by noncompartmental methods. Results: The maximum plasma concentrations in 15 obese (BMI 49 ± 11 kg/m2) and 15 nonobese (BMI 24 ± 2 kg/m2) patients were 54.0 vs. 63.9 mg/L (95% CI for difference: −18.3 to −3.5). The volume of distribution was 22.4 vs. 17.6 L, (2.6–9.1), but the clearance was comparable (12.5 vs. 11.1 L/h, −1.4 to 3.1), leading to a longer half-life (1.52 vs. 1.31 h, 0.05–0.37) and fairly similar area under the curve (AUC)8h (78.7 vs. 89.2 mg*h/L, −21.4 to 8.6). In the ISF, the maximum concentrations differed significantly (12.6 vs. 18.6 L, −16.8 to −0.8) but not the AUC8h (28.5 vs. 42.0 mg*h/L, −33.9 to 5.4). Time above the MIC (T > MIC) in the plasma and ISF did not differ significantly for MICs of 0.25–8 mg/L. Conclusions: In morbidly obese patients, meropenem has lower maximum concentrations and higher volumes of distribution. However, due to the slightly longer half-life, obesity has no influence on the T > MIC, so dose adjustments for obesity seem unnecessary.

scholarly journals Wpływ kryzysu na wielkość pasażerskiego ruchu lotniczego na świecie na podstawie wybranych przykładów

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Renata Rettinger ◽  
Piotr Staszak
Keyword(s):  
Air Transportation ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Availability ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Distance Travel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Air Carriers ◽  
Comparable Period

Recent years have witnessed a whole range of changes in the global economic system; the changes have largely resulted from crisis situations in global markets. Air transport is an element of the system that is very sensitive to any kinds of changes. Due to a difficult financial situation the sector is relatively quickly affected. The corporate representatives and individuals in situation of financial crisis can easily resign from air transportation, especially for short distance travel. The main purpose of the paper is to present changes in passenger’s air transport quantity in the largest airports of the world with respect to the selected air carriers. The first part of the article presents the size of passenger’s air transport in the airports with the highest number of passengers (Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson, London Heathrow, Frankfurt International) in years 2007−2010, i.e. since the moment preceding the global trend of decrease in air transportation till now (in accordance with the current availability of statistic data). Next, the changes in passenger’s air transportation quantity for the selected air carriers operating in various parts of the world have been analyzed with respect to a comparable period of time. In the last part of the paper the authors tried to present the examples of the impact of crisis on particular air carriers as well as to discuss the attempts undertaken to restore the passenger’s transportation rates to the level preceding the crisis.

scholarly journals The impact of flexible working arrangements on competitive advantages of organization

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Oksana Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Skills Gap ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

In modern marketplace business organizations are obliged to take into consideration that in order to compete among other organizations, they must attract the best talents who are able to make creative decisions. According to the latest issue of world competitiveness report (2019), employees are striving for flexibility despite the observed fact that they also tend to lack skills and described as volatile. Organizations are trying to suggest appealing working conditions in order to position themselves as attractive employees. This might be the reason why many of the leading organizations in the world position themselves as employers of flexible working conditions (Wiryakusuma, Chai, King et al. 2017). As there is a skills gap noticed as a prevailing global trend, it became harder for organizations to change employees. Therefore, a lot of efforts and investments are necessary in order to keep a skillful and efficient employee.

scholarly journals E-GOVERNMENT GLOBAL TRENDS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE IN INDONESIA

NATAPRAJA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Bambang Tri Atmojo ◽  
Nurul Retno Nurwulan
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

E-government has been a global trend in the world. Many countries around the world have implemented E-government since it is believed could give substantial benefits to citizens, businesses, and governments. The aim of e-government is to support the modernization of the public sector, enabling its transparency and effectiveness. With regard to these significant outcomes, e-government could streamline the economic and social development of a nation, including Indonesia. This paper aimed to review the literature on e-government implementation and its future perspective in Indonesia. The inclusion criteria were e-government trends around the world, application of e-government in Indonesia, the factors and the impact of e-government. This study revealed the critical factors that could affect the implementation of e-government in Indonesia. In addition, e-government has a potential to increase transparency, citizen engagement, and gross domestic product (GDP) growth in Indonesia.

THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON CHANGING THREATS TO BUSINESS GROWTH IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Paslavska ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
World Market ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Quarantine has paralyzed business activity in all parts of the world. For Ukrainian entrepreneurs, this test has complicated the already difficult economic situation. This article analyzes how the priority of business development threats has changed since the beginning of the pandemic in the world. With the onset of the pandemic, the greatest threat to business development was the risk associated with human capital, which outpaced the risk of the supply chain and the return to territorialism. Contrary to the global trend, in Ukraine this year the risk of staff shortages has moved from the first line, where it has been for the last few years, to the fourth. In particular, a characteristic feature of the labor market in Ukraine has been the large scale of hidden unemployment with a relatively small scale of growth of officially registered unemployment. Moreover, the Ukrainian labor market was negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in several areas. First, the development of the situation on the Ukrainian labor market is influenced by changes in the segment of the national economy, the operation of which is focused on the domestic market of Ukraine. Secondly, in that segment of the national economy, the functioning of which is focused on the foreign (world) market. Third, the development of the situation on the Ukrainian labor market is influenced by changes in the current situation with the direct migration of labor from Ukraine abroad. After all, Ukraine is a fairly large net exporter of labor and labor services on the world market. This approach to the analysis of the Ukrainian labor market in terms of the impact of endogenous (external) factors on its development in a pandemic provides an opportunity to build more reasonable scenarios for the transformation of this market depending on the further course of the COVID-19 pandemic in the world. The pandemic has led to a rethinking of the urgency and importance of digital transformation. Company executives mostly point to the acceleration of digitalization during quarantine. The pandemic has led to a rethinking of the urgency and importance of digital transformation. Company executives mostly point to the acceleration of digitalization during quarantine. The pandemic has also led to a major overhaul of supply chains, both for its suppliers and for the company as a provider of services and goods. Assessing the prospects of Ukrainian business in a pandemic, it should be borne in mind that it has long learned to work under permanent political and economic instability and uncertainty.

Bleeding Classification in Clinical Trials: Observer Variability and Clinical Relevance

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (04) ◽  
pp. 1189-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne P Graafsma ◽  
Martin H Prins ◽  
Anthonie W A Lensing ◽  
Rob J de Haan ◽  
Menno V Huisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Minor Bleeding ◽  
Recent Trial ◽  
Bleeding Episodes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adjudication Committee

SummaryTo evaluate the bleeding classification in a recent trial on venous thrombosis treatment, a selection of reported bleeding episodes was adjudicated twice by an independent committee and graded by the treating physician and independent clinical experts on the clinical severity and impact on the patient’s life.The kappa values for the dichotomy major bleeding versus minor or no bleeding were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.57-1.0) for the agreement between the two members of the adjudication committee and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.52-1.0) for the agreement between both adjudication sessions. The kappa values for the dichotomy major or minor bleeding versus no bleeding were 0.42 and 0.44. The weighted kappa values for the agreement between the treating physician and the independent experts were 0.76 for the Clinical severity and 0.79 for the impact on the patient’s life (95% CI, 0.63-0.88 and 0.70-0.89). The association between the adjudication result expressed as major bleeding or minor or no bleeding and the Clinical grading by the treating physician resulted in an ROC curve with an area under the curve of 0.98 for the Clinical severity and 0.99 for the impact on the patient’s life. The dichotomy major or minor bleeding versus no bleeding resulted in areas under the curve of 0.70 and 0.66.In conCIusion, the applied criteria for major bleeding are reproducible and Clinically relevant. The criteria for minor bleeding are not reproducible and are less associated with the observed Clinical relevance.

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

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