scholarly journals Raman Study on Lipid Droplets in Hepatic Cells Co-Cultured with Fatty Acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7378
Author(s):  
Pradjna N. Paramitha ◽  
Riki Zakaria ◽  
Anisa Maryani ◽  
Yukako Kusaka ◽  
Bibin B. Andriana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

The purpose of the present study was to investigate molecular compositions of lipid droplets changing in live hepatic cells stimulated with major fatty acids in the human body, i.e., palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids. HepG2 cells were used as the model hepatic cells. Morphological changes of lipid droplets were observed by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) during co-cultivation with fatty acids up to 5 days. The compositional changes in the fatty chains included in the lipid droplets were analyzed via Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics. The growth curves of the cells indicated that palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids induced cell death in HepG2 cells, but oleic acid did not. Microscopic observations suggested that the rates of fat accumulation were high for oleic and linoleic acids, but low for palmitic and stearic acids. Raman analysis indicated that linoleic fatty chains taken into the cells are modified into oleic fatty chains. These results suggest that the signaling pathway of cell death is independent of fat stimulations. Moreover, these results suggest that hepatic cells have a high affinity for linoleic acid, but linoleic acid induces cell death in these cells. This may be one of the causes of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

scholarly journals Postlipolytic insulin-dependent remodeling of micro lipid droplets in adipocytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1826-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Ariotti ◽  
Samantha Murphy ◽  
Nicholas A. Hamilton ◽  
Lizhen Wu ◽  
Kathryn Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Fat Pads

Despite the lipolysis–lipogenesis cycle being a fundamental process in adipocyte biology, very little is known about the morphological changes that occur during this process. The remodeling of lipid droplets to form micro lipid droplets (mLDs) is a striking feature of lipolysis in adipocytes, but once lipolysis ceases, the cell must regain its basal morphology. We characterized mLD formation in cultured adipocytes, and in primary adipocytes isolated from mouse epididymal fat pads, in response to acute activation of lipolysis. Using real-time quantitative imaging and electron tomography, we show that formation of mLDs in cultured adipocytes occurs throughout the cell to increase total LD surface area by ∼30% but does not involve detectable fission from large LDs. Peripheral mLDs are monolayered structures with a neutral lipid core and are sites of active lipolysis. Electron tomography reveals preferential association of mLDs with the endoplasmic reticulum. Treatment with insulin and fatty acids results in the reformation of macroLDs and return to the basal state. Insulin-dependent reformation of large LDs involves two distinct processes: microtubule-dependent homotypic fusion of mLDs and expansion of individual mLDs. We identify a physiologically important role for LD fusion that is involved in a reversible lipolytic cycle in adipocytes.

THE FATTY ACIDS OF TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Wirth ◽  
S. R. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Behenic Acid ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

The fatty acids of Trichophyton rubrum were investigated by gas liquid and by paper chromatography and chemical degradation. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids are the principal ones in this organism, with linoleic acid predominating. Behenic acid was detected by paper chromatography.

Oleic acid-induced perilipin 5 expression and lipid droplets formation are regulated by the PI3K/PPARα pathway in HepG2 cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxia Zhong ◽  
Bin Fan ◽  
Huiying Cong ◽  
Tianyu Wang ◽  
Jianqiu Gu
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Pi3k Inhibitor Ly294002 ◽  
Perilipin 5 ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase

Perilipin 5 (Plin5), a member of the PAT (Perilipin, ADRP, and Tip47) protein family, has been implicated in the regulation of cellular neutral lipid accumulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of Plin5 are not clear. The goal of the present study was to explore the mechanism of oleic acid (OA)-induced Plin5 expression in HepG2 cells. We found that the expression of Plin5 was increased during OA-induced lipid droplets formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. During this process of OA-stimulated lipid droplets formation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) was also upregulated. When PPARα activation was blocked by GW6471, OA-induced Plin5 expression and lipid droplets formation were effectively ablated. We further found that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 was able to downregulate both PPARα and Plin5 expression and lipid droplets formation. Thus, we concluded that PI3K may, at least in part, act upstream of PPARα to regulate Plin5 expression and lipid droplets formation in HepG2 cells.

Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates-Induced Intracellular Inflammation in HepG2 Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (03) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Di Wang ◽  
Jiao-Yang Li ◽  
Yu Qin ◽  
Qiong Liu ◽  
Zhe-Zhen Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AbstractFatty acids induced hepatic inflammation plays an important role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gasotransmitter, has been established to possess potent anti-inflammation in various human organs. However, the anti-inflammation property of H2S in the fatty liver is still needed to further elucidate. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether exogenous H2S can protect hepatocytes against inflammation induced by palmitic acid (PA). HepG2 hepatocytes were exposed to PA for 24 h to induce free fatty acids-induced inflammation. The cells were pretreated with NaHS (a donor of H2S) before exposure to PA. Cell viability, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB were measured by a combination of MTT assay, ELISA, Western blot and Immunofluorescence. Here, we found that exogenous H2S dose-dependently inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of NF-κB signaling in PA-induced HepG2 cells. Thus, H2S might be a candidate therapeutic agent against NAFLD.

scholarly journals Chemometric Characterization of Almond Germplasm: Compositional Aspects Involved in Quality and Breeding

2011 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossama Kodad ◽  
José M. Alonso ◽  
María T. Espiau ◽  
Gloria Estopañán ◽  
Teresa Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

The oil content and the percentage of the main fatty acids were determined in a set of 73 almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) cultivars from 10 different countries present at the almond germplasm collection of the Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Spain (CITA). Wide variability was observed for oil content, ranging from 51.5% to 66.8% on a dry weight (DW) basis. For the main fatty acids in the lipid fraction, the variability ranged from 62.9% to 77.3% for oleic acid, from 14.0% to 26.8% for linoleic acid, from 4.9% to 7.0% for palmitic acid, from 1.5% to 3.4% for stearic acid, and from 0.3% to 0.6% for palmitoleic acid. No correlations were found between the oil content and the percentages of the different fatty acids, but a significant negative correlation was found between the percentages of oleic and linoleic acids. Principal component (PC) analysis showed that palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids and the oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio were primarily responsible for the separation on principal component 1. The content of each component was not related to the country of origin of the different cultivars, indicating that almond fatty acid composition is genotype-dependent. Cultivars with high and stable oil content and low linoleic acid should be selected as parents in a breeding program to increase kernel oil stability and nutritional value.

scholarly journals Lipid Droplets Promote Phase Separation of Ago2 to Accelerate Dicer1 Loss and Decelerate miRNA Activity in Lipid Exposed Hepatic Cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diptankar Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Sudarshana Basu ◽  
Ishita Mukherjee ◽  
Ritobrita Chakraborty ◽  
Kamalika Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Mirna Level ◽  
Mammalian Liver

AbstractmiR-122 is a liver specific miRNA that plays an important role in controlling metabolic homeostasis in mammalian liver cells. Interestingly, miR-122 on exposure to lipotoxic stress is reduced in liver cells. To fight stress, miRNA processor Dicer1 is depleted to cause reduced miR-122 production and the lowering of miRNA level ensures a better stress response in hepatocytes under lipotoxic stress. Interestingly, lipid droplets, formed in the liver cells on exposure to high fat, ensure cytoplasmic phase separation of Ago2 and prevent interaction of Ago2 with Dicer1. Lipid droplets bind miRNA and enhance miRNA-Ago2 uncoupling and Ago2 phase separation. Loss of interaction between Ago2 and Dicer1 eventually facilitates export and lowering of cellular Dicer1, a process also dependent on the endosomal maturation controller protein Alix, thereby ceasing pre-miRNA processing by Dicer1 in lipid exposed cells. Depletion of lipid droplets by downregulation of Perilipins with siRNAs resulted in a rescue of cellular Dicer1 level and Ago2-Dicer1 interaction. This is a novel mechanism that liver cells adopt to restrict cellular miRNA levels under stress condition. Thus, lipid droplets prevent cell death upon exposure to high fat by reducing intra and extracellular pool of miR-122 in hepatic tissue.

Effects of Trans and CIS Isomers of Oleic and Linoleic Acids on Platelets and Endothelial Cells

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rastogi ◽  
C. Lowery ◽  
A. Nordøy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Trans Isomer ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Trans Isomers ◽  
Cis Isomer ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

The role of trans isomers of fatty acids in the development of coronary heart disease has been questioned. Hwang and Kinsella (l) indicated that feeding of trans linoleate to rats caused decreased serum prostaglandins. We report the effect of trans isomers of oleic and linoleic acids on platelet aggregation (PA). No significant differences were observed in collagen- and ADP-induced PA in platelet rich plasma preincubated with the various fatty acids bound to albumin for 90 min. When the albumin bound fatty acids were incubated with primary cultures of human endothelial cells (ECM) and PRP for a similar periode of time, significant differences in PA were observed with ADP but not with collagen. PA was higher for the trans isomer than for the cis isomer of linoleic acid. This difference disappeared when the ECM were preincubated for 15 minutes with indomethacin. We suggest that endothelial cells could synthesize prostacyclin (PGI2) from cis isomer of linoleic acid but not from the trans isomer.

Effect of exercise and lactic acid infusion on individual free fatty acids of plasma

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 902-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Gold ◽  
Harvey I. Miller ◽  
B. Issekutz ◽  
John J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Acid Infusion ◽  
Percentage Contribution ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

The effect of exercise and lactic acid infusion was studied in nonanesthetized dogs. Both procedures decreased the plasma free fatty acid level (FFA) as well as the concentration of the major individual fatty acids (palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids) of FFA. The percentage contribution of oleic and frequently of linoleic acid to the total FFA was also diminished after exercise or lactic acid infusion. Similar alterations in FFA were also observed due to Nembutal or morphine-chloralose anesthesia. The changes observed during exercise, or lactic acid infusion were similar to those produced by the administration of insulin or glucagon and opposite to those produced by epinephrine or norepinephrine.

The beneficial effects of resveratrol on steatosis and mitochondrial oxidative stress in HepG2 cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1442-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Izdebska ◽  
Iwona Piątkowska-Chmiel ◽  
Agnieszka Korolczuk ◽  
Mariola Herbet ◽  
Monika Gawrońska-Grzywacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Red Dye

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently one of the most common chronic liver diseases, especially in developed countries. One group of substances with a potential use in the treatment of NAFLD are plant polyphenols, represented by resveratrol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on steatosis and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. The steatosis of cells was carried out using free fatty acids: oleic or palmitic acid and their mixtures. Steatosis was visualized using the intracellular lipid staining by Nile Red dye with a fluorescence microscope. This study also determined the viability of cells and mitochondrial membrane potential. The current study showed that fatty acids and their mixtures induced fat overloading in HepG2 cells. In the group of cells incubated with oleic acid (OA), observed changes were moderate with prevailing micro-vesicular steatosis. In case of cells incubated with palmitic acid (PA) and the mixtures of fatty acids, micro- and macro-vacuolar steatosis occurred in most of the cells. Resveratrol decreased steatosis in HepG2 cells induced by OA, PA, as well as their mixtures, and in most of experimental groups did not reduce cells viability. Resveratrol reduced the oxidative stress in HepG2 cells treated with fatty acids mixtures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cytotoxicity through MTS test of 2-ACBs (2-dDCB AND tDCB) after exposure to hepatic cells – Studies in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Bueno Barbezan ◽  
Luma Ramirez Carvalho ◽  
Daniel Perez Vieira ◽  
Regiane Martins ◽  
Glaucia Maria Machado Santelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Irradiation ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Htc Cells ◽  
Mts Assay

Food irradiation has been approved in more than 60 countries for many applications in a wide variety of foods. 2-Alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACBs) are the only known radiolytic products formed when food containing fatty acids are irradiated. Despite the importance of food irradiation, the toxicological potential of 2-ACBs in irradiated food is still no fully understood. In this study we investigated the cytotoxic effects of irradiated palmitic and stearic fatty acids byproducts, 2-dDCB and 2-tDCB, in the hepatic cells (HepG2, BRL3A and HTC). The cytotoxic effects of 2-dDCB and 2-tDCB were evaluated at 100, 300 and 500 μM for 24 and 48 hours and the cell viability was measured using the MTS assay. While no toxicity was observed for 2-tDCB in all cells for all tested conditions, 2-dDCB was found to be toxic in BRL3A cells (at 100 µM after 48 hours) and HTC cells (at 24 hours in all tested concentrations). HepG2 cells on the other hand, were found to be resistant to 2-dDCB-induced toxicity.  Overall our data shows that the byproduct 2-tDCB is not toxic for hepatic cells while 2-dDCB can be used has a potential marker for food irradiation-induced toxicity.

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