scholarly journals Activity of Selected Group of Monoterpenes in Alzheimer’s Disease Symptoms in Experimental Model Studies—A Non-Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7366
Author(s):  
Karolina Wojtunik-Kulesza ◽  
Monika Rudkowska ◽  
Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd ◽  
Anna Oniszczuk ◽  
Kinga Borowicz-Reutt
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Main Body ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Wide Range

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and cognitive function impairment. The multi-faced character of AD requires new drug solutions based on substances that incorporate a wide range of activities. Antioxidants, AChE/BChE inhibitors, BACE1, or anti-amyloid platelet aggregation substances are most desirable because they improve cognition with minimal side effects. Plant secondary metabolites, used in traditional medicine and pharmacy, are promising. Among these are the monoterpenes—low-molecular compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, analgesic, sedative, as well as other biological properties. The presented review focuses on the pathophysiology of AD and a selected group of anti-neurodegenerative monoterpenes and monoterpenoids for which possible mechanisms of action have been explained. The main body of the article focuses on monoterpenes that have shown improved memory and learning, anxiolytic and sleep-regulating effects as determined by in vitro and in silico tests—followed by validation in in vivo models.

Anthocyanin suppresses the toxicity of Aβ deposits through diversion of molecular forms in in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Yoshida Yamakawa ◽  
Kazuyuki Uchino ◽  
Yasuhiro Watanabe ◽  
Tadashi Adachi ◽  
Mami Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
In Vivo Models

Discovery and Functional Characterization of hPT3, a Humanized Anti-Phospho Tau Selective Monoclonal Antibody

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1397-1416
Author(s):  
Kristof Van Kolen ◽  
Thomas J. Malia ◽  
Clara Theunis ◽  
Rupesh Nanjunda ◽  
Alexey Teplyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Paired Helical Filaments ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Human Postmortem Tissue

Background: As a consequence of the discovery of an extracellular component responsible for the progression of tau pathology, tau immunotherapy is being extensively explored in both preclinical and clinical studies as a disease modifying strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Objective: Describe the characteristics of the anti-phospho (T212/T217) tau selective antibody PT3 and its humanized variant hPT3. Methods: By performing different immunization campaigns, a large collection of antibodies has been generated and prioritized. In depth, in vitro characterization using surface plasmon resonance, phospho-epitope mapping, and X-ray crystallography experiments were performed. Further characterization involved immunohistochemical staining on mouse- and human postmortem tissue and neutralization of tau seeding by immunodepletion assays. Results and Conclusion: Various in vitro experiments demonstrated a high intrinsic affinity for PT3 and hPT3 for AD brain-derived paired helical filaments but also to non-aggregated phospho (T212/T217) tau. Further functional analyses in cellular and in vivo models of tau seeding demonstrated almost complete depletion of tau seeds in an AD brain homogenate. Ongoing trials will provide the clinical evaluation of the tau spreading hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease.

Bioavailability and Pharmaco-therapeutic Potential of Luteolin in Overcoming Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Ali ◽  
Yasir Hasan Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Tau Aggregation ◽  
Dose Limiting Toxicity

Luteolin is a naturally occurring, yellow crystalline flavonoid found in numerous dietary supplements we frequently have in our meals. Studies in the last 2 decades have revealed its therapeutic potential to reduce the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) symptoms in various in vitro and in vivo models. The anti-Alzheimer’s potential of luteolin is attributed to its ability to suppress Aβ as well as tau aggregation or promote their disaggregation, down-regulate the expression of COX-2, NOS, MMP-9, TNF-α, interleukins and chemokines, reduce oxidative stress by scavenging ROS, modulate the activities of transcription factors CREB, cJun, Nrf-1, NF-κB, p38, p53, AP-1 and β-catenine and inhibiting the activities of various protein kinases. In several systems, luteolin has been described as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In addition, we have also discussed about the bio-availability of the luteolin in the plasma. After being metabolized luteolin persists in plasma as glucuronides and sulphate-conjugates. Human clinical trials indicated no dose limiting toxicity when administered at a dose of 100 mg/day. Improvements in the formulations and drug delivery systems may further enhance the bioavailability and potency of luteolin. The current review describes in detail the data supporting these studies.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Properties of Boronic Compounds in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6664
Author(s):  
Panchanan Maiti ◽  
Jayeeta Manna ◽  
Zoe N. Burch ◽  
Denise B. Flaherty ◽  
Joseph D. Larkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Boronic Acid ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
In Vivo Models

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, hyperphosphorylated tau, neuroinflammation, and severe memory deficits. Reports that certain boronic compounds can reduce amyloid accumulation and neuroinflammation prompted us to compare trans-2-phenyl-vinyl-boronic-acid-MIDA-ester (TPVA) and trans-beta-styryl-boronic-acid (TBSA) as treatments of deficits in in vitro and in vivo models of AD. We hypothesized that these compounds would reduce neuropathological deficits in cell-culture and animal models of AD. Using a dot-blot assay and cultured N2a cells, we observed that TBSA inhibited Aβ42 aggregation and increased cell survival more effectively than did TPVA. These TBSA-induced benefits were extended to C. elegans expressing Aβ42 and to the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. Oral administration of 0.5 mg/kg dose of TBSA or an equivalent amount of methylcellulose vehicle to groups of six- and 12-month-old 5xFAD or wild-type mice over a two-month period prevented recognition- and spatial-memory deficits in the novel-object recognition and Morris-water-maze memory tasks, respectively, and reduced the number of pyknotic and degenerated cells, Aβ plaques, and GFAP and Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus and cortex of these mice. These findings indicate that TBSA exerts neuroprotective properties by decreasing amyloid plaque burden and neuroinflammation, thereby preventing neuronal death and preserving memory function in the 5xFAD mice.

scholarly journals Ginger, a Possible Candidate for the Treatment of Dementias?

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5700
Author(s):  
Giovanni Schepici ◽  
Valentina Contestabile ◽  
Andrea Valeri ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Ancient Medicine ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Beneficial Effects

As the human life expectancy increases, age-linked diseases have become more and more frequent. The worldwide increment of dementia cases demands medical solutions, but the current available drugs do not meet all the expectations. Recently the attention of the scientific community was attracted by natural compounds, used in ancient medicine, known for their beneficial effects and high tolerability. This review is focused on Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and explore its properties against Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia, two of the most common and devastating forms of dementia. This work resumes the beneficial effects of Ginger compounds, tested in computational in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia, along with some human tests. All these evidences suggest a potential role of the compounds of ginger not only in the treatment of the disease, but also in its prevention.

scholarly journals Convolvulus pluricaulis as a Cognition Booster: Relevance to Alzheimer’s Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Bihaqi ◽  
Suhaib Rashaan ◽  
Manisha Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Mental Stimulation ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Convolvulus Pluricaulis ◽  
Indian Medicine

The herbal medicinal plant, Convolvulus pluricaulis: a rasayana drug has been primarily advocated for use in mental stimulation and rejuvenation therapy. In ancient systems of Indian medicine, Ayurveda, the plant is also known by the name Shankhpushpi and has been shown to act as a prominent memory improving drug, a psychostimulant and tranquiliser. The plant displays its biological activity due to the presence of several alkaloids, flavanoids and coumarins as active chemicals. Previous reports by us and others have demonstrated beneficial effect of extracts of this plant in an in-vitro and in-vivo models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Justification of its potential for an ancient brain tonic has been provided recently by clinical studies on polyherbal formulation of this plant. This review attempts to compile information on Convolvulus Pluricaulis in order to establish this herbal drug as a potent natural therapeutic agent to combat AD related symptoms.

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