scholarly journals The Vitreous Ecosystem in Diabetic Retinopathy: Insight into the Patho-Mechanisms of Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7142
Author(s):  
Siva S.R. Iyer ◽  
Mollie K. Lagrew ◽  
Stephanie M. Tillit ◽  
Ramak Roohipourmoallai ◽  
Samuel Korntner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
The World ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Insight Into

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world with the incidence of disease ever-increasing worldwide. The vitreous humor represents an extensive and complex interactive arena for cytokines in the diabetic eye. In recent decades, there has been significant progress in understanding this environment and its implications in disease pathophysiology. In this review, we investigate the vitreous ecosystem in diabetic retinopathy at the molecular level. Areas of concentration include: the current level of knowledge of growth factors, cytokine and chemokine mediators, and lipid-derived metabolites in the vitreous. We discuss the molecular patho-mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy based upon current vitreous research.

scholarly journals Eicosanoid Profiles in the Vitreous Humor of Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7451
Author(s):  
Albert L Lin ◽  
Richard J Roman ◽  
Kathleen A Regan ◽  
Charlotte A Bolch ◽  
Ching-Jygh Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Insight Into

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is a potentially blinding sequela of uncontrolled diabetes that involves a complex interaction of pro-angiogenic and inflammatory pathways. In this study, we compared the levels of pro-angiogenic arachidonic acid-derived mediators in human vitreous humor obtained from eyes with high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy versus controls. The results indicated that lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids were elevated (5-HETE, 12-HETE, 20-HETE, and 20-COOH-AA), and there appeared to be no differences in levels measured in eyes with tractional retinal detachments versus those without. These results provide further insight into the pathogenesis of this disease and for the development of future potential therapeutic agents that target arachidonic acid metabolites to treat diabetic retinopathy.

scholarly journals In Solitary Rabbits, Does the Presence or Absence of a Mirror Affect Stress, Fear and Anxiety?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Insight Into

<strong>PICO question</strong><br /><p>In solitary rabbits, does the presence or absence of a mirror affect stress, fear and anxiety?</p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong><br /><p>Four studies were reviewed in this knowledge summary. Despite the small number of papers available, the controlled trials and their methodologies provide strong evidence that the behavior of solitary laboratory rabbits is affected by the presence or absence of mirrors. This evidence also indicates an effect on their welfare.</p><p>The studies suggest that the presence of mirrors provides environmental enrichment and have a positive effect on the subjects health and welfare. However, it is also suggested that mirrors may have some detrimental physical and psychological effects for some individuals. There are also many gaps in the available research and these need to be addressed to give better insight into the effect of mirrors on rabbits.</p><p>Because of the current level of knowledge, clinical recommendations cannot be made at present on the use of mirrors in solitary rabbits to improve their veterinary care whilst hospitalised.</p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

Christopher Howard Andrewes, 7 June 1896 - 31 December 1987

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 33-54
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Personal Career ◽  
Organization Of Science ◽  
Insight Into

Christopher Howard Andrewes passed peacefully away on 31 December 1987 at the home of his son. He was a man of great significance in the development of the subject of virology in Britain, and indeed in the world. Furthermore, his life spanned a period of great changes in the organization of science and in the way that research in the medical sciences was conducted. In a way his personal career and his research output reflect the transition from a period when biology was largely a descriptive subject to one when analysis and technology were applied and began to give us an insight into the fundamental processes involved, down to the molecular level. Though he entered with great enthusiasm into this process and the progression of knowledge, he retained to the end his schoolboy love of natural history, and the world of nature as we experience it. He left behind a considerable inheritance of important scientific observations and concepts and also a cohort of individuals whom he had taught or had influenced in other ways to understand or practise science.

scholarly journals Миокины

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Paltsyn
Keyword(s):  
Current Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Insight Into

Миокины - небольшие по массе пептиды, которые образуются, экспрессируются на поверхности и выделяются в кровоток мышечными волокнами. Оказывают аутокринное, паракринное и эндокринное действие, прежде всего на мышцы. Значение миокинов для медицины определяется тем, что мышцы самая крупная часть тела по массе и объему, что обеспечивает первую и главную для жизни функцию - движение. Все патологические процессы протекают с нарушением образования, распределения и взаимодействия миокинов с клетками - мишенями. Детализация этих процессов - тема большая и сложная. Тем не менее, уже на современном уровне знаний ориентированные на миокины медицинские практики могут быть вполне эффективны, поскольку основа их - модифицированная под конкретную задачу разумная физическая активность.Myokines are low-molecular-weight peptides that are formed, expressed on the surface, and secreted into the bloodstream by muscle fibers. They have autocrine, paracrine and endocrine effects, especially on muscles. Significance of myokines for medicine is determined by the fact that muscles are the largest part of the body by their mass and volume and provide the first and the most vitally important function, the movement. All pathological processes are associated with violations of myokine formation, distribution, and interaction with target cells. Providing a deep insight into these processes is a big and complex topic. Nevertheless, at the current level of knowledge, myokine-oriented medical practices can be quite effective since these practices are based on reasonable physical activity adjusted to a specific task.

scholarly journals XVII Congress of Russian Psychiatrists (Together with Regional Congress of World Psychiatric Association) “Interdisciplinary Approach to Comorbidity of Mental Disorders on the Way to Integrative Treatment”, 2021 May 15–18, Saint Petersburg

Psychiatry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
N. M. Mikhaylova ◽  
V. G. Kaleda ◽  
T. P. Klyushnik ◽  
N. V. Zvereva ◽  
I. F. Roshchina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Biological Psychiatry ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Integrative Treatment ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The World ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

The aim of the paper was to provide an overview of the reports presented at the congress on the main problems of clinical and biological psychiatry. Discussion and conclusion: A representative forum of domestic psychiatrists and narcologists, psychotherapists and psychologists, organizers of psychiatric care and the leading scientists in the fi eld of clinical and biological psychiatry was held together with the Regional Congress of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). The thematic diversity of the reports corresponded to the main problem, refl ected in the title of the congress. The opportunity to review and discuss achievements in scientifi c and practical activities of colleagues and to present their own data was the basis for summing up and identifying the prospects for protecting the mental health of the population at the current level of knowledge and using effective technologies.

Ultrastructure of neuromuscular relationships in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
W. L. Steffens ◽  
Nancy B. Roberts ◽  
J. M. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Canine Heartworm ◽  
The World ◽  
Synaptic Region ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
Insight Into

The canine heartworm is a common and serious nematode parasite of domestic dogs in many parts of the world. Although nematode neuroanatomy is fairly well documented, the emphasis has been on sensory anatomy and primarily in free-living soil species and ascarids. Lee and Miller reported on the muscular anatomy in the heartworm, but provided little insight into the peripheral nervous system or myoneural relationships. The classical fine-structural description of nematode muscle innervation is Rosenbluth's earlier work in Ascaris. Since the pharmacological effects of some nematacides currently being developed are neuromuscular in nature, a better understanding of heartworm myoneural anatomy, particularly in reference to the synaptic region is warranted.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

Von Willebrand factor (VIII R:Ag), fibronectin, and insulin-like growth factors I and II in diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy

Diabetes ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Lamberton ◽  
A. D. Goodman ◽  
A. Kassoff ◽  
C. L. Rubin ◽  
D. H. Treble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

Immunomodulatory Effect of “Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy” to Cure or Prevent Hospital Acquired (Nosocomial) Infections due to Clostridium difficile (C. diff), other Pathogenic Bacteria, and Autoimmune Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3937-3949
Author(s):  
Malireddy S Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
The World ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The worldwide popularity of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy to treat or prevent the hospital acquired infections (nosocomial infections) arose a great interest in the medical community around the world (Reddy and Reddy, 2016; 2017). The following questions were raised on this subject: Does Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics directly inhibit the pathogenic bacteria (C. diff) in the gastrointestinal tract or indirectly through modulation of the host immune system or both? To be more specific, what is the exact and/or hypothetical mechanism at molecular level behind the breakthrough discovery of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy?  To answer these questions, the specific immunomodulation regulatory functions of the individual Probiotic strains (on host) have beenresearched, investigated andoutlined in this article.  A detailed explanation(s) and hypotheses have been proposed outlining the possible cumulativedirect bacteriological and indirect immunomodulatory effects (at the molecular level) of the Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics used in Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy to successfully treat C. diff infection.  A detailed scientific and research attempts were made to correlate the Probiotic induced immune activities in relation to the reduction of the symptoms associated with the hospital acquired Clostridium difficile infection during and after the Multiple Mixed Strain Probioitc Therapy.  Results of the clinical trials, microbiological tests on feces, and the clinical blood tests significantly revealed that the reasons for the success of Dr. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy are multifold. Presumably, it is predominantly due to the immunomodulatory effect they have exerted on the host immune system along with the direct inhibition of C. diff bacteria by multiple Probiotics, due to the production of bacteriocins, lactic acid and nutritional competency.In addition, the size of the individual cells of the Probiotic strains in the Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics and their significant effect on immunomodulation has been thoroughly discussed. Results clearly proved that if Probiotics are absent in the GI tract during C. diff infection, the chances of patient survival is zero.  This is because of the excess immune stimulation and incurable damage to the epithelial cell barrier of the gastrointestinal tract caused by C. diff bacteria.  The results also revealed, without any doubt, as of to-datethe latest discovery of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy is the best way to cure the deadly hospital acquired infections affecting millions of people around the world, with high degree of mortality.  This has been attested by several practicng medical professionals and scientists around the world (Reddy and Reddy, 2017).

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