scholarly journals Hydroxyurea and Caffeine Impact pRb-like Protein-Dependent Chromatin Architecture Profiles in Interphase Cells of Vicia Faba

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4572
Author(s):  
Marcelina W. Musiałek ◽  
Joanna Deckert ◽  
Dorota Rybaczek
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Replication Stress ◽  
Original Data ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Replication Arrest ◽  
Immunocytochemical Detection ◽  
Interphase Cells

The survival of cells depends on their ability to replicate correctly genetic material. Cells exposed to replication stress can experience a number of problems that may lead to deregulated proliferation, the development of cancer, and/or programmed cell death. In this article, we have induced prolonged replication arrest via hydroxyurea (HU) treatment and also premature chromosome condensation (PCC) by co-treatment with HU and caffeine (CF) in the root meristem cells of Vicia faba. We have analyzed the changes in the activities of retinoblastoma-like protein (RbS807/811ph). Results obtained from the immunocytochemical detection of RbS807/811ph allowed us to distinguish five unique activity profiles of pRb. We have also performed detailed 3D modeling using Blender 2.9.1., based on the original data and some final conclusions. 3D models helped us to visualize better the events occurring within the nuclei and acted as a high-resolution aid for presenting the results. We have found that, despite the decrease in pRb activity, its activity profiles were mostly intact and clearly recognizable, with some local alterations that may correspond to the increased demand in transcriptional activity. Our findings suggest that Vicia faba’s ability to withstand harsh environments may come from its well-developed and highly effective response to replication stress.

COMPARISON OF HONEYCOMB AND INDEPENDENT CULLING OF SPACED PLANTS FOR YIELD POTENTIAL IN FABA BEAN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. LULSDORF ◽  
P. B. E. McVETTY
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Random Selection ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Independent Culling ◽  
Vicia Faba L

The honeycomb design of Fasoulas (1973) and the independent culling methods of McVetty and Evans (1980) were used to select among spaced plants of two generations (F2 and F4) of two crosses of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) for yield potential. Single plants were planted in a hexagon pattern with 60 cm interplant spacing for the honeycomb selection method and in a grid pattern with 60 cm interplant spacing for the independent culling selection method, on Riverdale silty loam soil at Winnipeg in 1983. Three selected groups per cross and generation were developed using honeycomb, independent culling and random selection. The randomly selected population served as a check against which to evaluate the effectiveness of the honeycomb and independent culling selection methods. Response to selection, as measured by the differences in mean yields among the three selection groups determined by replicated yield trials of derived F3 or F5 families indicated that neither selection method was effective. Response to selection, as measured by the number of high yielding families retained by either honeycomb or independent culling methods compared with the number retained by random selection also indicated that neither selection procedure was effective. Correlations between F2 and F4 single plant characters and plot characters on corresponding F3 or F5 families were low and generally nonsignificant. Heritability of single plant yield ranged from zero in most cases to 0.44 for one cross, generation and selection method. Heritabilities for both total dry matter and harvest index were not significantly different from zero. It is concluded that the response to selection is too small for either selection method to warrant use in faba bean breeding programs.Key words: Vicia faba L., early generation selection, heritability, faba bean

Ultrastructure of mitosis in the chloromonadophycean alga Vacuolaria virescens

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
P. Heywood
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Contractile Vacuole ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Unusual Type

During preprophase in the chloromonadophycean alga Vacuolaria virescens microtubules are present around the flagellar basal bodies and extend over the anterior surface of the nucleus. These microtubules assist in the separation of the flagella and later enter the nucleus through polar gaps. During prophase the nucleoli begin to disperse and the chromosomes become condensed. At metaphase the nucleus assumes an elliptical shape and an equatorial plate of chromosomes becomes aligned across the long axis of the nucleus; kinetochores are recognizable on some of the chromosomes. The nuclear envelope remains intact over most of the surface and in places it forms folds. During anaphase chromosomes are less distinct and vesicles are present in the elongating nucleus. Most of the new nuclear envelope around the progeny nuclei is formed by coalescence of these membrane vesicles during late anaphase and telophase, although some of the original nuclear envelope may also become incorporated. During telophase disintegration of the original nuclear envelope becomes pronounced and portions of this structure are recognizable in the cytoplasm after completion of mitosis. It is suggested that this unusual type of nuclear envelope behaviour may be important in ensuring the segregation of the Golgi apparatus and contractile vacuole to progeny cells. Interphase cells contain a single extensive Golgi apparatus which is located between the anterior surface of the nucleus and the contractile vacuole. The Golgi apparatus and contractile vacuole act as an osmoregulatory system and their presence is presumably essential to the existence of the organism. Formation of a new contractile vacuole and division of the Golgi apparatus occur early in mitosis and thereafter a Golgi apparatus and contractile vacuole become associated with each of the poles of the nucleus. They retain this location throughout mitosis and during cytokinesis, with the result that an osmoregulatory system is present in each of the daughter cells. In a similar manner, microbody-like organelles are associated with the nuclear envelope during mitosis but not at interphase. Growth of the nuclear envelope during mitosis may serve as the means of partitioning these organelles to the progeny cells. Thus mitosis in Vacuolaria virescens is responsible not only for the equal segregation of the genetic material but also for the correct distribution of some of the cytoplasmic components.

scholarly journals "COVID-19: Network Effectiveness of Intermunicipal Self-Organized Response in Chile"

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Karina ARIAS YURISCH ◽  
Karina RETAMAL SOTO ◽  
Camila RAMOS FUENZALIDA
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Network Effectiveness ◽  
Self Organized

In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, public officials are called on to implement different strategies in order to respond effectively. One of the lessons of emergency management research is that effective response is unlikely without collaboration. Research on collaborative emergency management has focused on measuring the effectiveness of intergovernmental and intersectoral relationships, but little is known about the performance of inter-jurisdictional collaboration. This paper seeks to measure the network effectiveness of intermunicipal self-organized response to Covid-19. It uses a network analysis approach to compare planned and actual emergency management networks operating in the Santiago Metropolitan Region of Chile. Content analysis of 202 formal agreements established by municipalities in 2009-2019 was used to capture the planned network. The actual network was depicted by collecting original data through an online survey that represented the 96% of the local governments located in this Latin American city. The results show a structural gap between planned and actual networks and reveal effectiveness problems associated with the disaster preparedness phase. However, an emergent intermunicipal network has supported collaborative response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The study provides lessons for policymakers, public managers and researchers in the collaborative emergency management field.

scholarly journals Image Spoofing Detection Using Local Binary Pattern and Local Binary Pattern Variance

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Bayu Kusuma ◽  
Arida Kartika ◽  
Tjokorda Agung Budi W ◽  
Kurniawan Nur Ramadhani ◽  
Febryanti Sthevanie
Keyword(s):  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Local Binary Pattern ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Original Data ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Human Face ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor

Particularly in the field of biometric security using human face has been widely implemented in the real world. Currently the human face is one of the guidelines in the security system. Nowadays the challenge is how to detect data falsification; such an attack is called spoofing. Spoofing occurs when someone is trying to pretend to be someone else by falsifying the original data and then that person may gain illegal access and benefit him. For example one can falsify the face recognition system using photographs, video, masks or 3D models. In this paper image spoofing human face detection using texture analysis on input image is proposed. Texture analysis used in this paper is the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Local Binary Pattern Variance (LBPV). To classified input as original or spoof K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) used. Experiment used 5761 spoofs and 3362 original from NUAA Imposter dataset. The experimental result yielded a best success rate of 87.22% in term of accuracy with configuration of the system using LBPV and histogram equalization with ratio 𝑅 = 7 and 𝑃 = 8.

scholarly journals Kinetics of DNA Repair in Vicia faba Meristem Regeneration Following Replication Stress

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Dorota Rybaczek ◽  
Marcelina W. Musiałek ◽  
Jan Vrána ◽  
Beáta Petrovská ◽  
Ewa G. Pikus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Ataxia Telangiectasia ◽  
Replication Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle Checkpoint ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Cycle Checkpoint ◽  
Stress Response System ◽  
Replication Factors ◽  
Kinetics Of

The astonishing survival abilities of Vicia faba, one the earliest domesticated plants, are associated, among other things, to the highly effective replication stress response system which ensures smooth cell division and proper preservation of genomic information. The most crucial pathway here seems to be the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated kinase (ATM)/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR)-dependent replication stress response mechanism, also present in humans. In this article, we attempted to take an in-depth look at the dynamics of regeneration from the effects of replication inhibition and cell cycle checkpoint overriding causing premature chromosome condensation (PCC) in terms of DNA damage repair and changes in replication dynamics. We were able to distinguish a unique behavior of replication factors at the very start of the regeneration process in the PCC-induced cells. We extended the experiment and decided to profile the changes in replication on the level of a single replication cluster of heterochromatin (both alone and with regard to its position in the nucleus), including the mathematical profiling of the size, activity and shape. The results obtained during these experiments led us to the conclusion that even “chaotic” events are dealt with in a proper degree of order.

scholarly journals IMPLICIT THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEO-MODELLING BASED ON HRBF SURFACE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W2 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
J. Gou ◽  
W. Zhou ◽  
L. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Drill Hole ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Geological Models ◽  
Geological Boundaries

Three-dimensional (3D) geological models are important representations of the results of regional geological surveys. However, the process of constructing 3D geological models from two-dimensional (2D) geological elements remains difficult and time-consuming. This paper proposes a method of migrating from 2D elements to 3D models. First, the geological interfaces were constructed using the Hermite Radial Basis Function (HRBF) to interpolate the boundaries and attitude data. Then, the subsurface geological bodies were extracted from the spatial map area using the Boolean method between the HRBF surface and the fundamental body. Finally, the top surfaces of the geological bodies were constructed by coupling the geological boundaries to digital elevation models. Based on this workflow, a prototype system was developed, and typical geological structures (e.g., folds, faults, and strata) were simulated. Geological modes were constructed through this workflow based on realistic regional geological survey data. For extended applications in 3D modelling of other kinds of geo-objects, mining ore body models and urban geotechnical engineering stratum models were constructed by this method from drill-hole data. The model construction process was rapid, and the resulting models accorded with the constraints of the original data.

scholarly journals Ubiquitylation at the Fork: Making and Breaking Chains to Complete DNA Replication

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maïlyn Yates ◽  
Alexandre Maréchal
Keyword(s):  
Replication Fork ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Replication Stress ◽  
Genome Maintenance ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Replication Fork Progression ◽  
Ubiquitin System ◽  
Stalled Replication Forks

The complete and accurate replication of the genome is a crucial aspect of cell proliferation that is often perturbed during oncogenesis. Replication stress arising from a variety of obstacles to replication fork progression and processivity is an important contributor to genome destabilization. Accordingly, cells mount a complex response to this stress that allows the stabilization and restart of stalled replication forks and enables the full duplication of the genetic material. This response articulates itself on three important platforms, Replication Protein A/RPA-coated single-stranded DNA, the DNA polymerase processivity clamp PCNA and the FANCD2/I Fanconi Anemia complex. On these platforms, the recruitment, activation and release of a variety of genome maintenance factors is regulated by post-translational modifications including mono- and poly-ubiquitylation. Here, we review recent insights into the control of replication fork stability and restart by the ubiquitin system during replication stress with a particular focus on human cells. We highlight the roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases, ubiquitin readers and deubiquitylases that provide the required flexibility at stalled forks to select the optimal restart pathways and rescue genome stability during stressful conditions.

scholarly journals Lysosomal degradation ensures accurate chromosomal segregation to prevent genomic instability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugènia Almacellas ◽  
Charles Day ◽  
Santiago Ambrosio ◽  
Albert Tauler ◽  
Caroline Mauvezin
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Instability ◽  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Mitotic Progression ◽  
Lysosomal Degradation ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Chromosomal Segregation ◽  
Interphase Cells

ABSTRACTLysosomes, as primary degradative organelles, are the end-point of different converging pathways including macroautophagy. To date, lysosome function has mainly focused on interphase cells, while their role during mitosis remains controversial. Mitosis dictates the faithful transmission of genetic material among generations, and perturbations of mitotic division lead to chromosomal instability, a hallmark of cancer. Heretofore, correct mitotic progression relies on the orchestrated degradation of mitotic factors, which was mainly attributed to ubiquitin-triggered proteasome-dependent degradation. Here, we show that mitotic transition does not only rely on proteasome-dependent degradation, as impairment of lysosomes increases mitotic timing and leads to mitotic errors, thus promoting chromosomal instability. Furthermore, we identified several putative lysosomal targets in mitotic cells. Among them, WAPL, a cohesin regulatory protein, emerged as a novel p62-interacting protein for targeted lysosomal degradation. Finally, we characterized an atypical nuclear phenotype, the toroidal nucleus, as a novel biomarker for genotoxic screenings. Our results establish lysosome-dependent degradation as an essential event to prevent genomic instability.

scholarly journals Genotoxicity of Nanomaterials: Advanced In Vitro Models and High Throughput Methods for Human Hazard Assessment—A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Kohl ◽  
Elise Rundén-Pran ◽  
Espen Mariussen ◽  
Michelle Hesler ◽  
Naouale El Yamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
3D Models ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Current State ◽  
Genotoxic Compounds ◽  
Genome Level

Changes in the genetic material can lead to serious human health defects, as mutations in somatic cells may cause cancer and can contribute to other chronic diseases. Genotoxic events can appear at both the DNA, chromosomal or (during mitosis) whole genome level. The study of mechanisms leading to genotoxicity is crucially important, as well as the detection of potentially genotoxic compounds. We consider the current state of the art and describe here the main endpoints applied in standard human in vitro models as well as new advanced 3D models that are closer to the in vivo situation. We performed a literature review of in vitro studies published from 2000–2020 (August) dedicated to the genotoxicity of nanomaterials (NMs) in new models. Methods suitable for detection of genotoxicity of NMs will be presented with a focus on advances in miniaturization, organ-on-a-chip and high throughput methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document