scholarly journals Fecal Microbiota Transplantation during and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3004
Author(s):  
Negin Kazemian ◽  
Dina Kao ◽  
Sepideh Pakpour
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
The World

COVID-19 is a major pandemic facing the world today, which has implications on current microbiome-based treatments such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) used for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. The bidirectional relationship between the inhabitants of our gut, the gut microbiota, and COVID-19 pathogenesis, as well as the underlying mechanism involved, must be elucidated in order to increase FMT safety and efficacy. In this perspective, we discuss the crucial cross-talk between the gut microbiota and the lungs, known as the gut–lung axis, during COVID-19 infection, as well as the putative effect of these microorganisms and their functional activity (i.e., short chain fatty acids and bile acids) on FMT treatment. In addition, we highlight the urgent need to investigate the possible impact of COVID-19 on FMT safety and efficacy, as well as instilling stringent screening protocols of donors and recipients during COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 pandemic to produce a cohesive and optimized FMT treatment plan across all centers and in all countries across the globe.

scholarly journals Cross-Talk Between Butyric Acid and Gut Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Ming Xu ◽  
Hong-Li Huang ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Jie He ◽  
Chong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
The Impact

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can inhibit the progression of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, how FMT modulates the gut microbiota and which biomarker is valuable for evaluating the efficacy of FMT have not been clarified. This study aimed to determine the changes in the gut microbiota and their relationship with butyric acid following FMT for UC. Fecal microbiota (FM) was isolated from healthy individuals or mice and transplanted into 12 UC patients or colitis mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Their clinical colitis severities were monitored. Their gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S sequencing and bioinformatics. The levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from five UC patients with recurrent symptoms after FMT and individual mice were quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The impact of butyric acid on the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota was tested in vitro. The effect of the combination of butyric acid-producing bacterium and FMT on the clinical responses of 45 UC patients was retrospectively analyzed. Compared with that in the controls, the FMT significantly increased the abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria and fecal butyric acid levels in UC patients. The FMT significantly increased the α-diversity, changed gut microbial structure, and elevated fecal butyric acid levels in colitis mice. Anaerobic culture with butyrate significantly increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiota from colitis mice and changed their structure. FMT combination with Clostridium butyricum-containing probiotics significantly prolonged the UC remission in the clinic. Therefore, fecal butyric acid level may be a biomarker for evaluating the efficacy of FMT for UC, and addition of butyrate-producing bacteria may prolong the therapeutic effect of FMT on UC by changing the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Regulation and Their Implication in the Development of Neurodegenerative Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2281
Author(s):  
Peilin Sun ◽  
Lei Su ◽  
Hua Zhu ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Yaxi Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

In recent years, human gut microbiota have become one of the most promising areas of microorganism research; meanwhile, the inter-relation between the gut microbiota and various human diseases is a primary focus. As is demonstrated by the accumulating evidence, the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system interact through the gut–brain axis, which includes neuronal, immune-mediated and metabolite-mediated pathways. Additionally, recent progress from both preclinical and clinical studies indicated that gut microbiota play a pivotal role in gut–brain interactions, whereas the imbalance of the gut microbiota composition may be associated with the pathogenesis of neurological diseases (particularly neurodegenerative diseases), the underlying mechanism of which is insufficiently studied. This review aims to highlight the relationship between gut microbiota and neurodegenerative diseases, and to contribute to our understanding of the function of gut microbiota in neurodegeneration, as well as their relevant mechanisms. Furthermore, we also discuss the current application and future prospects of microbiota-associated therapy, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), potentially shedding new light on the research of neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Role of Gut Microbiota on Onset and Progression of Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM)

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3719
Author(s):  
Daniela Maria Tanase ◽  
Evelina Maria Gosav ◽  
Ecaterina Neculae ◽  
Claudia Florida Costea ◽  
Manuela Ciocoiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
New Findings

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains one of the most problematic and economic consumer disorders worldwide, with growing prevalence and incidence. Over the last years, substantial research has highlighted the intricate relationship among gut microbiota, dysbiosis and metabolic syndromes development. Changes in the gut microbiome composition lead to an imbalanced gastrointestinal habitat which promotes abnormal production of metabolites, inflammatory status, glucose metabolism alteration and even insulin resistance (IR). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide, aromatic amino acids and their affiliated metabolites, contribute to T2DM via different metabolic and immunologic pathways. In this narrative review, we discuss the immunopathogenic mechanism behind gut dysbiosis, T2DM development and the major known diabetic microvascular complications (retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy), the beneficial use of pre- and pro-biotics and fecal microbiota transplantation in T2DM management and new findings and future perspectives in this field.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association, Mechanism, and Translational Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Jinjin Chu ◽  
Wenhao Hao ◽  
Jiaojiao Zhang ◽  
Haibo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Secondary Bile Acid ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention due to its crucial role in disease pathophysiology, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolites and bacterial components of gut microbiota affect the initiation and progression of T2DM by regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. Short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid, imidazole propionate, branched-chain amino acids, and lipopolysaccharide are the main molecules related to T2DM. Many studies have investigated the role of gut microbiota in T2DM, particularly those butyrate-producing bacteria. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic capsules are useful strategies in preventing diabetes. In this review, we aim to elucidate the complex association between gut microbiota and T2DM inflammation, metabolism, and immune disorders, the underlying mechanisms, and translational applications of gut microbiota. This review will provide novel insight into developing individualized therapy for T2DM patients based on gut microbiota immunometabolism.

scholarly journals Parabacteroides produces acetate to alleviate heparanase-exacerbated acute pancreatitis through reducing neutrophil infiltration

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Lei ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Shiping Hu ◽  
Lingyi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Antibiotic Cocktail

Abstract Background The endoglycosidase heparanase which degrades heparan sulfate proteoglycans, exerts a pro-inflammatory mediator in various inflammatory disorders. However, the function and underlying mechanism of heparanase in acute pancreatitis remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the interplay between heparanase and the gut microbiota in the development of acute pancreatitis. Methods Acute pancreatitis was induced in wild-type and heparanase-transgenic mice by administration of caerulein. The differences in gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Antibiotic cocktail experiment, fecal microbiota transplantation, and cohousing experiments were used to assess the role of gut microbiota. Results As compared with wild-type mice, acute pancreatitis was exacerbated in heparanase-transgenic mice. Moreover, the gut microbiota differed between heparanase-transgenic and wild-type mice. Heparanase exacerbated acute pancreatitis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Specially, the commensal Parabacteroides contributed most to distinguish the differences between wild-type and heparanase-transgenic mice. Administration of Parabacteroides alleviated acute pancreatitis in wild-type and heparanase-transgenic mice. In addition, Parabacteroides produced acetate to alleviate heparanase-exacerbated acute pancreatitis through reducing neutrophil infiltration. Conclusions The gut–pancreas axis played an important role in the development of acute pancreatitis and the acetate produced by Parabacteroides may be beneficial for acute pancreatitis treatment.

scholarly journals Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation to treat and prevent recurrent Clostridioides difficile in cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 6498-6506
Author(s):  
Hiba Ali ◽  
Shruti Khurana ◽  
Weijie Ma ◽  
Yuanzun Peng ◽  
Zhi-Dong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile

scholarly journals Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction Regulates Treg/Th17 Balance to Ameliorate DSS-Induced Acute Experimental Colitis in Mice by Altering the Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Mengxiong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Microbes

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic pathology associated with extensive intestinal microbial dysregulation and intestinal inflammation. Thus, efforts are underway to manipulate the gut microbiome to improve inflammatory pathology. Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been widely utilized for treating diarrhea and ulcerative colitis (UC) for thousands of years. However, the underlying mechanism of its efficacy and whether its protective effect against colitis is mediated by the gut microbiota are poorly understood. In the present study, our data demonstrated that modified GQD (MGQD) administration significantly improved the pathological phenotypes and colonic inflammation challenged by DSS in mice, which were specifically manifested as reduced loss of body weight, shortening of colon length, DAI score, histological score and suppressed inflammatory response. 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabonomics analysis showed that MQGD altered the diversity and community landscape of the intestinal microbiota and the metabolic profiles. In particular, MQGD significantly boosted the abundance of the intestinal microbiota producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are causally associated with promoting the development of Treg cells and suppressing the differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells. More importantly, transferring fecal microbiota from MGQD-treated or healthy controls exhibited equivalent alleviative effects on colitis mice. However, this protective effect could not be replicated in experiments of mice with depleted intestinal microbes through broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktails (ABX), further supporting the importance of SCFA-producing gut microbiota in the beneficial role of MGQD. In general, MGQD therapy has the potential to remodel the intestinal microbiome and reestablish immune homeostasis to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis.

scholarly journals Exploration of the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (02) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxuan Zhao ◽  
Yuepeng Jiang ◽  
Hongyan Xi ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Xiaoling Feng
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
New Ideas

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic syndrome (MS) with a complex etiology, and its pathogenesis is not yet clear. In recent years, the correlation between gut microbiota (GM) and metabolic disease has become a hot topic in research, leading to a number of new ideas about the etiology and pathological mechanisms of PCOS. The literature shows that GM can cause insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes) and may contribute to the development of PCOS by influencing energy absorption, the pathways of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), lipopolysaccharides, choline and bile acids, intestinal permeability and the brain–gut axis. As part of the treatment of PCOS, fecal microbiota transplantation, supplementation with prebiotics and traditional Chinese medicine can be used to regulate GM and treat disorders. This article reviews possible mechanisms and treatment options for PCOS, based on methods which target the GM, and offers new ideas for the treatment of PCOS.

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with HBV Infection or Other Chronic Liver Diseases: Update on Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2605
Author(s):  
Mattia Paratore ◽  
Francesco Santopaolo ◽  
Giovanni Cammarota ◽  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Antonio Gasbarrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Liver disease and gut dysbiosis are strictly associated, and the pathophysiology of this bidirectional relationship has recently been the subject of several investigations. Growing evidence highlights the link between gut microbiota composition, impairment of the gut-liver axis, and the development or progression of liver disease. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota to maintain homeostasis of the gut-liver axis could represent a potential instrument to halt liver damage, modify the course of liver disease, and improve clinical outcomes. Among all the methods available to achieve this purpose, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is one of the most promising, being able to directly reshape the recipient’s gut microbial communities. In this review, we report the main characteristics of gut dysbiosis and its pathogenetic consequences in cirrhotic patients, discussing the emerging data on the application of FMT for liver disease in different clinical settings.

scholarly journals Impact of Gut Microbiota and Microbiota-Related Metabolites on Hyperlipidemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaokang Jia ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Ruirui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
High Risk Factor ◽  
The Impact

Hyperlipidemia, defined as the presence of excess fat or lipids in the blood, has been considered as a high-risk factor and key indicator of many metabolic diseases. The gut microbiota has been reported playing a vital role in regulating host lipid metabolism. The pathogenic role of gut microbiota in the development of hyperlipidemia has been revealed through fecal microbiota transplantation experiment to germ-free mice. The effector mechanism of microbiota-related metabolites such as bile acids, lipopolysaccharide, and short-chain fatty acids in the regulation of hyperlipidemia has been partially unveiled. Moreover, studies on gut-microbiota-targeted hyperlipidemia interventions, including the use of prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and natural herbal medicines, also have shown their efficacy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. In this review, we summarize the relationship between gut microbiota and hyperlipidemia, the impact of gut microbiota and microbiota-related metabolites on the development and progression of hyperlipidemia, and the potential therapeutic management of hyperlipidemia targeted at gut microbiota.

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