scholarly journals Exosomes as Biomarkers for Female Reproductive Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2165
Author(s):  
Sahar Esfandyari ◽  
Hoda Elkafas ◽  
Rishi Man Chugh ◽  
Hang-soo Park ◽  
Antonia Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Successful Pregnancy ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
System Today

Cell–cell communication is an essential mechanism for the maintenance and development of various organs, including the female reproductive system. Today, it is well-known that the function of the female reproductive system and successful pregnancy are related to appropriate follicular growth, oogenesis, implantation, embryo development, and proper fertilization, dependent on the main regulators of cellular crosstalk, exosomes. During exosome synthesis, selective packaging of different factors into these vesicles happens within the originating cells. Therefore, exosomes contain both genetic and proteomic data that could be applied as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in pregnancy-associated disorders or placental functions. In this context, the present review aims to compile information about the potential exosomes with key molecular cargos that are dysregulated in female reproductive diseases which lead to infertility, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), Asherman syndrome, endometriosis, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and preeclampsia, as well as signaling pathways related to the regulation of the reproductive system and pregnancy outcome during these pathological conditions. This review might help us realize the etiology of reproductive dysfunction and improve the early diagnosis and treatment of the related complications.

scholarly journals Emerging roles of APLN and APELA in the physiology and pathology of the female reproductive system

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10245
Author(s):  
Xueying Wang ◽  
Xiaofei Liu ◽  
Zifan Song ◽  
Xin Shen ◽  
Siying Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Body Distribution ◽  
Common Receptor ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Intracellular Cascades

APLN, APELA and their common receptor APLNR (composing the apelinergic axis) have been described in various species with extensive body distribution and multiple physiological functions. Recent studies have witnessed emerging intracellular cascades triggered by APLN and APELA which play crucial roles in female reproductive organs, including hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, ovary, oviduct, uterus and placenta. However, a comprehensive summary of APLN and APELA roles in physiology and pathology of female reproductive system has not been reported to date. In this review, we aim to concentrate on the general characteristics of APLN and APELA, as well as their specific physiological roles in female reproductive system. Meanwhile, the pathological contexts of apelinergic axis dysregulation in the obstetrics and gynecology are also summarized here, suggesting its potential prospect as a diagnostic biomarker and/or therapeutic intervention in the polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian cancer, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus.

Effect of Cryopreserved Placental Explants on Female Reproductive System Under Normal and Pathological Conditions (Experimental study)

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Yu. Prokopyuk ◽  
◽  
Olga V. Grischenko ◽  
Oleksandra V. Prokopyuk ◽  
Nadiia O. Shevchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Pathological Conditions

scholarly journals Menstrual and reproductive function repair in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity by correcting of glucose intolerance

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
O I Lineva ◽  
M V Glukhova
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Total Treatment

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of sibutramine on metabolic and hormonal parameters in women with PCOS and obesity. Materials and methods. The study included 53 women aged 18 to 35 years (mean age 31,3 ± 1,1 years) with PCOS and obesity. All patients received therapy with sibutramine. The total treatment duration was 6 months. The treatment was evaluated monthly nature of the menstrual cycle, anthropometric parameters (body weight, BMI, ON, ON, ON / OF). The Results. The studies found that after 3 months of treatment with weight loss was 8,1 ± 0,31 kg, after 6 months - 13,1 ± 0,78 kg (p 0,05). Results of the survey of women included in this study strongly support the negative impact of obesity on the functional state of the reproductive system, evidenced by the high incidence of anovulation, rhythm disturbances of menstruation (amenorrhea up to), infertility. Conclusions. The obtained results once again confirm the high efficacy and safety of sibutramine to reduce body mass, suggest correction of metabolic, hormonal disorders and positive impact on women's reproductive health. This allows us to consider the use of sibutramine in women with PCOS and obesity as a way to restore the endocrine function of the reproductive system.

scholarly journals The Role of Apelin in the Functioning of the Reproductive System

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
A. O. Shpakov ◽  
K. V. Derkach
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Cancer Information ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Wide Range

Adipokine apelin through the apelin receptors activates a wide range of signaling cascades in the target cells and controls their growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. In the recent years, the evidence has been obtained that all components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis, in which apelin and its receptor are expressed, are targets of apelin. In the hypothalamus, apelin modulates the activity of the melanocortin and ghrelin systems and indirectly affects the production of gonadoliberin. In the ovaries, it controls the growth and maturation of the follicles, stimulates the angiogenesis, and affects the basal and stimulated by the other factors steroidogenic activity in follicular cells. The changes in the apelin signaling system are closely associated with dysfunctions of the female reproductive system, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and cancer. Information on the regulation of the male reproductive system by apelin is limited to animal studies showing the effect of apelin on the hypothalamic components of the gonad axis. The participation of apelin in the regulation of the reproductive system opens up the broad opportunities for the development of new approaches for the correction of abnormalities in this system and for the treatment of infertility.

scholarly journals The Place of In Vitro Maturation in PCO/PCOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shital Julania ◽  
Melanie L. Walls ◽  
Roger Hart
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Successful Pregnancy ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
In Pregnancy

In vitro maturation (IVM) of human oocytes is an emerging treatment option for women with polycystic ovary/polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO/PCOS) in addition to the standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. There has been significant improvements in pregnancy rates with IVM over the last two decades. This article reviews the place of IVM for women with PCO/PCOS, placing an emphasis on the predictors of successful pregnancy, optimization of culture media, IVM protocols, pregnancy rates, and neonatal outcomes following IVM treatment.

scholarly journals NAFLD: comorbidity and associated diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Livzan ◽  
O. V. Gaus ◽  
N. A. Nikolaev ◽  
T. S. Krolevetz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) went beyond the competence of a gastroenterologist and acquired the character of a multidisciplinary problem. NAFLD requires the attention of many professionals. A characteristic feature of NAFLD is the variety of concomitant diseases and pathological conditions with common pathophysiological mechanisms. This review summarizes and presents the data available in the modern literature on the association of NAFLD with cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic kidney disease, colorectal cancer, obstructive sleep apnea, osteoporosis, psoriasis.

Anti-Müllerian hormone in female reproduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie di Clemente ◽  
Chrystèle Racine ◽  
Alice Pierre ◽  
Joëlle Taieb
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Reliable Marker

Abstract Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also called Müllerian inhibiting substance, was shown to be synthesized by the ovary in the eighties. This article reviews the main findings of the past 20 years on the regulation of the expression of AMH and its specific receptor AMHR2 by granulosa cells, the mechanism of action of AMH, the different roles it plays in the reproductive organs, its clinical utility and its involvement in the principal pathological conditions affecting women. The findings in respect of regulation tell us that AMH and AMHR2 expression is mainly regulated by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, gonadotropins and estrogens. It has now been established that AMH regulates the different steps of folliculogenesis and that it has neuroendocrine effects. On the other hand, the importance of serum AMH as a reliable marker of ovarian reserve and as a useful tool in the prediction of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and primary ovarian failure has also been acknowledged. Last but not least, a large body of evidence points to the involvement of AMH in the pathogenesis of PCOS.

scholarly journals Resveratrol ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome via transzonal projections within oocyte-granulosa cell communication

Theranostics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 782-795
Author(s):  
Mingyue Chen ◽  
Chengyong He ◽  
Kongyang Zhu ◽  
Zihan Chen ◽  
Zixiao Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Ovary Syndrome
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