scholarly journals Multifaceted Chromatin Structure and Transcription Changes in Plant Stress Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2013
Author(s):  
Jin-Hong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Histone Variants ◽  
Chromatin Modifications ◽  
Plant Stress Response ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Plant Stress Responses

Sessile plants are exposed throughout their existence to environmental abiotic and biotic stress factors, such as cold, heat, salinity, drought, dehydration, submergence, waterlogging, and pathogen infection. Chromatin organization affects genome stability, and its dynamics are crucial in plant stress responses. Chromatin dynamics are epigenetically regulated and are required for stress-induced transcriptional regulation or reprogramming. Epigenetic regulators facilitate the phenotypic plasticity of development and the survival and reproduction of plants in unfavorable environments, and they are highly diversified, including histone and DNA modifiers, histone variants, chromatin remodelers, and regulatory non-coding RNAs. They contribute to chromatin modifications, remodeling and dynamics, and constitute a multilayered and multifaceted circuitry for sophisticated and robust epigenetic regulation of plant stress responses. However, this complicated epigenetic regulatory circuitry creates challenges for elucidating the common or differential roles of chromatin modifications for transcriptional regulation or reprogramming in different plant stress responses. Particularly, interacting chromatin modifications and heritable stress memories are difficult to identify in the aspect of chromatin-based epigenetic regulation of transcriptional reprogramming and memory. Therefore, this review discusses the recent updates from the three perspectives—stress specificity or dependence of transcriptional reprogramming, the interplay of chromatin modifications, and transcriptional stress memory in plants. This helps solidify our knowledge on chromatin-based transcriptional reprogramming for plant stress response and memory.

scholarly journals The Role of Canonical and Noncanonical Pre-mRNA Splicing in Plant Stress Responses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Dubrovina ◽  
K. V. Kiselev ◽  
Yu. N. Zhuravlev
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Mrna Splicing ◽  
Plant Stress Response ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Alternative Splicing Events ◽  
Stress Responsive Genes

Plants are sessile organisms capable of adapting to various environmental constraints, such as high or low temperatures, drought, soil salinity, or pathogen attack. To survive the unfavorable conditions, plants actively employ pre-mRNA splicing as a mechanism to regulate expression of stress-responsive genes and reprogram intracellular regulatory networks. There is a growing evidence that various stresses strongly affect the frequency and diversity of alternative splicing events in the stress-responsive genes and lead to an increased accumulation of mRNAs containing premature stop codons, which in turn have an impact on plant stress response. A number of studies revealed that some mRNAs involved in plant stress response are spliced counter to the traditional conception of alternative splicing. Such noncanonical mRNA splicing events includetrans-splicing, intraexonic deletions, or variations affecting multiple exons and often require short direct repeats to occur. The noncanonical alternative splicing, along with common splicing events, targets the spliced transcripts to degradation through nonsense-mediated mRNA decay or leads to translation of truncated proteins. Investigation of the diversity, biological consequences, and mechanisms of the canonical and noncanonical alternative splicing events will help one to identify those transcripts which are promising for using in genetic engineering and selection of stress-tolerant plants.

scholarly journals Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Plant Stress Response

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaji Aravindhan Pandian ◽  
Rajendran Sathishraj ◽  
Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman ◽  
P.V. Vara Prasad ◽  
Mithila Jugulam
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Plant Stress Response ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Domains Of Life

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the largest enzyme family involved in NADPH- and/or O2-dependent hydroxylation reactions across all the domains of life. In plants and animals, CYPs play a central role in the detoxification of xenobiotics. In addition to this function, CYPs act as versatile catalysts and play a crucial role in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and phytohormones in higher plants. The molecular and biochemical processes catalyzed by CYPs have been well characterized, however, the relationship between the biochemical process catalyzed by CYPs and its effect on several plant functions was not well established. The advent of next-generation sequencing opened new avenues to unravel the involvement of CYPs in several plant functions such as plant stress response. The expression of several CYP genes are regulated in response to environmental stresses, and they also play a prominent role in the crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress responses. CYPs have an enormous potential to be used as a candidate for engineering crop species resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this review is to summarize the latest research on the role of CYPs in plant stress response.

scholarly journals Does co-transcriptional regulation of alternative splicing mediate plant stress responses?

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2716-2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtissam Jabre ◽  
Anireddy S N Reddy ◽  
Maria Kalyna ◽  
Saurabh Chaudhary ◽  
Waqas Khokhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Stress Responses

scholarly journals The Ubiquitin Switch in Plant Stress Response

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Paymon Doroodian ◽  
Zhihua Hua
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Modification System ◽  
Plant Stress Response ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

Ubiquitin is a 76 amino acid polypeptide common to all eukaryotic organisms. It functions as a post-translationally modifying mark covalently linked to a large cohort of yet poorly defined protein substrates. The resulting ubiquitylated proteins can rapidly change their activities, cellular localization, or turnover through the 26S proteasome if they are no longer needed or are abnormal. Such a selective modification is essential to many signal transduction pathways particularly in those related to stress responses by rapidly enhancing or quenching output. Hence, this modification system, the so-called ubiquitin-26S proteasome system (UPS), has caught the attention in the plant research community over the last two decades for its roles in plant abiotic and biotic stress responses. Through direct or indirect mediation of plant hormones, the UPS selectively degrades key components in stress signaling to either negatively or positively regulate plant response to a given stimulus. As a result, a tightly regulated signaling network has become of much interest over the years. The ever-increasing changes of the global climate require both the development of new crops to cope with rapid changing environment and new knowledge to survey the dynamics of ecosystem. This review examines how the ubiquitin can switch and tune plant stress response and poses potential avenues to further explore this system.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterisation of Soybean Osmotins and Their Involvement in Drought Stress Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Ramos Faillace ◽  
Paula Bacaicoa Caruso ◽  
Luis Fernando Saraiva Macedo Timmers ◽  
Débora Favero ◽  
Frank Lino Guzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Amino Acid Signature

Osmotins are multifunctional proteins belonging to the thaumatin-like family related to plant stress responses. To better understand the functions of soybean osmotins in drought stress response, the current study presents the characterisation of four previously described proteins and a novel putative soybean osmotin (GmOLPa-like). Gene and protein structure as well as gene expression analyses were conducted on different tissues and developmental stages of two soybean cultivars with varying dehydration sensitivities (BR16 and EMB48 are highly and slightly sensitive, respectively). The analysed osmotin sequences share the conserved amino acid signature and 3D structure of the thaumatin-like family. Some differences were observed in the conserved regions of protein sequences and in the electrostatic surface potential. P21-like present the most similar electrostatic potential to osmotins previously characterised as promoters of drought tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum and Solanum nigrum. Gene expression analysis indicated that soybean osmotins were differentially expressed in different organs (leaves and roots), developmental stages (R1 and V3), and cultivars in response to dehydration. In addition, under dehydration conditions, the highest level of gene expression was detected for GmOLPa-like and P21-like osmotins in the leaves and roots, respectively, of the less drought sensitive cultivar. Altogether, the results suggest an involvement of these genes in drought stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Versatile Physiological Functions of Plant GSK3-Like Kinases

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Juan Mao ◽  
Wenxin Li ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Jianming Li
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Diverse Plant

The plant glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-like kinases are highly conserved protein serine/threonine kinases that are grouped into four subfamilies. Similar to their mammalian homologs, these kinases are constitutively active under normal growth conditions but become inactivated in response to diverse developmental and environmental signals. Since their initial discoveries in the early 1990s, many biochemical and genetic studies were performed to investigate their physiological functions in various plant species. These studies have demonstrated that the plant GSK3-like kinases are multifunctional kinases involved not only in a wide variety of plant growth and developmental processes but also in diverse plant stress responses. Here we summarize our current understanding of the versatile physiological functions of the plant GSK3-like kinases along with their confirmed and potential substrates.

scholarly journals OsNAC45 is Involved in ABA Response and Salt Tolerance in Rice

Rice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Yan Long ◽  
Jingjing Huang ◽  
Jixing Xia
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Nac Transcription Factors ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Plant Stress Responses

Abstract Background Salt stress threatens crop yields all over the world. Many NAC transcription factors have been reported to be involved in different abiotic stress responses, but it remains unclear how loss of these transcription factors alters the transcriptomes of plants. Previous reports have demonstrated that overexpression of OsNAC45 enhances salt and drought tolerance in rice, and that OsNAC45 may regulate the expression of two specific genes, OsPM1 and OsLEA3–1. Results Here, we found that ABA repressed, and NaCl promoted, the expression of OsNAC45 in roots. Immunostaining showed that OsNAC45 was localized in all root cells and was mainly expressed in the stele. Loss of OsNAC45 decreased the sensitivity of rice plants to ABA and over-expressing this gene had the opposite effect, which demonstrated that OsNAC45 played an important role during ABA signal responses. Knockout of OsNAC45 also resulted in more ROS accumulation in roots and increased sensitivity of rice to salt stress. Transcriptome sequencing assay found that thousands of genes were differently expressed in OsNAC45-knockout plants. Most of the down-regulated genes participated in plant stress responses. Quantitative real time RT-PCR suggested that seven genes may be regulated by OsNAC45 including OsCYP89G1, OsDREB1F, OsEREBP2, OsERF104, OsPM1, OsSAMDC2, and OsSIK1. Conclusions These results indicate that OsNAC45 plays vital roles in ABA signal responses and salt tolerance in rice. Further characterization of this gene may help us understand ABA signal pathway and breed rice plants that are more tolerant to salt stress.

Electrochemical Monitoring of Plant Stress Responses

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kinpara ◽  
Yuji Murakami ◽  
Kenji Yokoyama ◽  
Eiichi Tamiya
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Electrochemical Monitoring
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