scholarly journals Impact of Liposomal Drug Formulations on the RBCs Shape, Transmembrane Potential, and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1710
Author(s):  
Sylwia Cyboran-Mikołajczyk ◽  
Przemysław Sareło ◽  
Robert Pasławski ◽  
Urszula Pasławska ◽  
Magdalena Przybyło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Transmembrane Potential ◽  
Drug Formulations ◽  
Liposomal Drug ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Liposomal Formulations ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Negative Side Effects

Liposomal technologies are used in order to improve the effectiveness of current therapies or to reduce their negative side effects. However, the liposome–erythrocyte interaction during the intravenous administration of liposomal drug formulations may result in changes within the red blood cells (RBCs). In this study, it was shown that phosphatidylcholine-composed liposomal formulations of Photolon, used as a drug model, significantly influences the transmembrane potential, stiffness, as well as the shape of RBCs. These changes caused decreasing the number of stomatocytes and irregular shapes proportion within the cells exposed to liposomes. Thus, the reduction of anisocytosis was observed. Therefore, some nanodrugs in phosphatidylcholine liposomal formulation may have a beneficial effect on the survival time of erythrocytes.

The Effect of Phase Transition Temperature on Therapeutic Efficacy of Liposomal Bortezomib

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-708
Author(s):  
Mitra Korani ◽  
Sara Nikoofal-Sahlabadi ◽  
Amin R. Nikpoor ◽  
Solmaz Ghaffari ◽  
Hossein Attar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Liposomal Formulations ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

Aims: Here, three liposomal formulations of DPPC/DPPG/Chol/DSPE-mPEG2000 (F1), DPPC/DPPG/Chol (F2) and HSPC/DPPG/Chol/DSPE-mPEG2000 (F3) encapsulating BTZ were prepared and characterized in terms of their size, surface charge, drug loading, and release profile. Mannitol was used as a trapping agent to entrap the BTZ inside the liposomal core. The cytotoxicity and anti-tumor activity of formulations were investigated in vitro and in vivo in mice bearing tumor. Background: Bortezomib (BTZ) is an FDA approved proteasome inhibitor for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. The low solubility of BTZ has been responsible for the several side effects and low therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Encapsulating BTZ in a nano drug delivery system; helps overcome such issues. Among NDDSs, liposomes are promising diagnostic and therapeutic delivery vehicles in cancer treatment. Objective: Evaluating anti-tumor activity of bortezomib liposomal formulations. Methods: Data prompted us to design and develop three different liposomal formulations of BTZ based on Tm parameter, which determines liposomal stiffness. DPPC (Tm 41°C) and HSPC (Tm 55°C) lipids were chosen as variables associated with liposome rigidity. In vitro cytotoxicity assay was then carried out for the three designed liposomal formulations on C26 and B16F0, which are the colon and melanoma cancer mouse-cell lines, respectively. NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line was also used as a normal cell line. The therapeutic efficacy of these formulations was further assessed in mice tumor models. Result: MBTZ were successfully encapsulated into all the three liposomal formulations with a high entrapment efficacy of 60, 64, and 84% for F1, F2, and F3, respectively. The findings showed that liposomes mean particle diameter ranged from 103.4 to 146.8nm. In vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that liposomal-BTZ formulations had higher IC50 value in comparison to free BTZ. F2-liposomes with DPPC, having lower Tm of 41°C, showed much higher anti-tumor efficacy in mice models of C26 and B16F0 tumors compared to F3-HSPC liposomes with a Tm of 55°C. F2 formulation also enhanced mice survival compared with untreated groups, either in BALB/c or in C57BL/6 mice. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that F2-DPPC-liposomal formulations prepared with Tm close to body temperature seem to be effective in reducing the side effects and increasing the therapeutic efficacy of BTZ and merits further investigation.

scholarly journals Formulations Based on Drug Loaded Aptamer-Conjugated Liposomes as a Viable Strategy for the Topical Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma—In Vitro Tests

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Anca N. Cadinoiu ◽  
Delia M. Rata ◽  
Leonard I. Atanase ◽  
Cosmin T. Mihai ◽  
Simona E. Bacaita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Liposomal Drug ◽  
Liposomal Formulations ◽  
As1411 Aptamer

Topical liposomal drug formulations containing AS1411-aptamer conjugated liposomes were designed to deliver in a sustained way the 5-fluorouracil to the tumor site but also to increase the compliance of patients with basal cell carcinoma. The 5-fluorouracil penetrability efficiency through the Strat-M membrane and the skin irritation potential of the obtained topical liposomal formulations were evaluated in vitro and the Korsmeyer Peppas equation was considered as the most appropriate to model the drug release. Additionally, the efficiency of cytostatic activity for targeted antitumor therapy and the hemolytic capacity were performed in vitro. The obtained results showed that the optimal liposomal formulation is a crosslinked gel based on sodium alginate and hyaluronic acid containing AS1411-aptamer conjugated liposomes loaded with 5-fluorouracil, which appeared to have favorable biosafety effects and may be used as a new therapeutic approach for the topical treatment of basal cell carcinoma.

scholarly journals Acceptance and Intake of COVID-19 Vaccines among Older Germans

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1388
Author(s):  
Marta Malesza ◽  
Erich Wittmann
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
Negative Side Effects

The main aim of this study was to investigate the various factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and actual intake among older Germans aged over 75 years old (n = 1037). We found that the intention to get vaccinated or intake of the COVID-19 vaccine were positively related to the perceptions of becoming infected, perceptions of the severity of the potential long-term effects, the vaccine’s efficacy, and the benefits of vaccination. Meanwhile, the intention to get the vaccine or vaccine intake were decreased by perceptions of the negative side-effects and the general impediments to vaccination.

scholarly journals Black and white teas as potential agents to combine with amphotericin B and protect red blood cells from amphotericin B-mediated toxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Oliveira ◽  
N. M. Khalil ◽  
E. Carraro
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Fungicidal Substance

Abstract Amphotericin B is a fungicidal substance that is treatment of choice for most systemic fungal infections affecting immunocompromised patients. However, severe side effects have limited the utility of this drug. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effect of the combination of amphotericin B with black tea or white tea and protective of citotoxic effect. The present study shows that white and black teas have additive effects with amphotericin B against some species Candida. In addition, the combination of white and black tea with amphotericin B may reduce the toxicity of amphotericin B to red blood cells. Our results suggest that white and black tea is a potential agent to combine with amphotericin for antifungal efficacy and to reduce the amphotericin dose to lessen side effects.

Silencing the virus? Government communication and MMR vaccination campaigns – the Australian case

2021 ◽  
pp. 2046147X2110140
Author(s):  
Roumen Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Australian Case ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

In this paper I analyse a series of Australian MMR (measles-mumpsrubella) vaccination campaigns and policies from the last decade. Using the Bruno Latour’s Actor Network Theory (ATN), I locate human and non-human mediators – including the virus and vaccine – in the complex pro-vaccination alliance led by government campaigners. I identify the vaccine hesitant parents – a large group that ‘sits on the fence’ between the ‘vaccine confident’ and ‘vaccine refusing’ parents – as the main target of pro-vaccination campaigns. PR literature on pro-vaccination campaigns has applied ATN to the independence of the media as network agents. This paper contributes with the problematisation of several more actors such as the health workers, medical experts and the vaccine hesitant parents themselves. Even when they are keen members of a pro-vaccination network, they cannot be taken for granted. This is where understanding of stigma, silence and voice helps. To align their group interests and discourses, government should know how to communicate strategically – including how to communicate indirectly, avoiding stigma and keeping certain internal affinities and communicative distances intact. In conclusion, I make suggestions about strategic communication in pro-vaccination campaigns. Communication of statistical risks and side effects should be central. It is a winning strategy because it establishes a more credible balance between individual rights and collective obligations in achieving herd immunity. And mandating vaccination cannot replace communication. Research shows that legislating compulsory vaccination may have short-term and relatively small effects. They are almost negligible in the long run. Mandate may trigger compliance, but it also causes anger and mistrust. Mandating vaccine has negative side effects. It punishes with economic and cultural sanctions the socially disadvantaged, who are not active refusers. It also has the opposite effect on vaccine hesitant parents. It does not weaken but rather strengthens their resistance to the vaccine and pushes them to the lager of antivaxxers.

scholarly journals High-throughput assessment of mechanical properties of stem cell derived red blood cells, toward cellular downstream processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Guzniczak ◽  
Maryam Mohammad Zadeh ◽  
Fiona Dempsey ◽  
Melanie Jimenez ◽  
Henry Bock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Downstream Processing

scholarly journals Targeting spectrin redox switches to regulate the mechanoproperties of red blood cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Barbarino ◽  
Lucas Wäschenbach ◽  
Virginia Cavalho-Lemos ◽  
Melissa Dillenberger ◽  
Katja Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Spectrin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Redox Switches

AbstractThe mechanical properties of red blood cells (RBCs) are fundamental for their physiological role as gas transporters. RBC flexibility and elasticity allow them to survive the hemodynamic changes in the different regions of the vascular tree, to dynamically contribute to the flow thereby decreasing vascular resistance, and to deform during the passage through narrower vessels. RBC mechanoproperties are conferred mainly by the structural characteristics of their cytoskeleton, which consists predominantly of a spectrin scaffold connected to the membrane via nodes of actin, ankyrin and adducin. Changes in redox state and treatment with thiol-targeting molecules decrease the deformability of RBCs and affect the structure and stability of the spectrin cytoskeleton, indicating that the spectrin cytoskeleton may contain redox switches. In this perspective review, we revise current knowledge about the structural and functional characterization of spectrin cysteine redox switches and discuss the current lines of research aiming to understand the role of redox regulation on RBC mechanical properties. These studies may provide novel functional targets to modulate RBC function, blood viscosity and flow, and tissue perfusion in disease conditions.

A Review on Analytical Method for Determination of Lamotrigine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Rutuja S Nalkar ◽  
Suhas S Siddheshwar ◽  
Mahesh H Kolhe
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Anticonvulsant Drug ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Partial Seizures ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Clonic Seizures

Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy & bipolar disorder/major affective disorder (manic depression). Lamotrigine is and antiepileptic drug of phenyltriazine class. For epilepsy it is used to treat the partial seizures, primary and secondary tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures associated with the Lennox-Gastuat syndrome and are chemically unrelated to the other anticonvulsants. Lamotrigine is a phenyltriazine that has comparatively few side-effects and it does not requires blood monitoring/observance in monotherapy. It additionally acts as a mood stabilizer. Common side-effects of lamotrigine include, nausea, sleepiness, headache, vomiting, trouble/bother with co-ordination and rash. Serious side-effects include in, lack of red blood cells, accumulated in risk of suicide, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and allergy. It issues that use of lamotrigine throughout pregnancy or breastfeeding it’s going to lead/result in harm/damage.

Bleeding after salvarsan

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1183-1183
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Capillary Walls

The adverse side effects of salvarsan injections include bleeding from the nose, gums, kidney, lung, etc. The reason for this is the permeability of the capillary walls to red blood cells due to irritation of the central nervous system in persons who are too sensitive to salvarsan. They are caused by the permeability of the capillary walls to red blood cells, caused by irritation of the central nervous system in persons over-sensitive to salvarsan.

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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
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United Kingdom ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Promote Weight Loss ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
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