scholarly journals Transcriptome Sequencing in the Preoptic Region of Rat Dams Reveals a Role of Androgen Receptor in the Control of Maternal Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1517
Author(s):  
András H. Lékó ◽  
Rashmi Kumari ◽  
Fanni Dóra ◽  
Dávid Keller ◽  
Edina B. Udvari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preoptic Region ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Repeat Domain ◽  
High Level

(1) Background: Preoptic region of hypothalamus is responsible to control maternal behavior, which was hypothesized to be associated with gene expressional changes. (2) Methods: Transcriptome sequencing was first applied in the preoptic region of rat dams in comparison to a control group of mothers whose pups were taken away immediately after parturition and did not exhibit caring behavior 10 days later. (3) Results: Differentially expressed genes were found and validated by quantitative RT-PCR, among them NACHT and WD repeat domain containing 1 (Nwd1) is known to control androgen receptor (AR) protein levels. The distribution of Nwd1 mRNA and AR was similar in the preoptic area. Therefore, we focused on this steroid hormone receptor and found its reduced protein level in rat dams. To establish the function of AR in maternal behavior, its antagonist was administered intracerebroventricularly into mother rats and increased pup-directed behavior of the animals. (4) Conclusions: AR levels are suppressed in the preoptic area of mothers possibly mediated by altered Nwd1 expression in order to allow sustained high-level care for the pups. Thus, our study first implicated the AR in the control of maternal behaviors.

scholarly journals Hyperhomocysteinemia Induced by Methionine Excess is Effectively Suppressed by Betaine in Geese

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Zhi Yang ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Jinjin Yang ◽  
Xiaoli Wan ◽  
Haiming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Myocardial Apoptosis ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Similar Body

The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of excess Methionine (Met) on the growth performance, serum homocysteine levels, apoptotic rates, and Bax and Bcl-2 protein levels in geese and to study the role of Bet (betaine) in relieving excess Met-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). In this study, 150 healthy male 14-day-old Yangzhou geese of similar body weight were randomly distributed into three groups with five replicates per treatment and 10 geese per replicate: the control group (fed a control diet), the Met toxicity group (fed the control diet +1% Met), and the Bet detoxification group (fed the control diet +1% Met +0.2% Bet). At 28, 49, and 70 d of age, the geese in the Met toxicity group had significantly lower body weights than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The serum homocysteine levels in geese at 70 d of age in the detoxification group were significantly lower than those in the Met toxicity group (p < 0.05). Compared with the control, Met significantly increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis rates, while Bet reduced them. In conclusion, our results suggest that excess methionine reduces body weight induced by myocardial apoptosis, and Bet can be used to effectively lower plasma homocysteine levels.

scholarly journals DsbA-L protects against diabetic renal injury through the adipo-renal axis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingfeng Zeng ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Chun Hu ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Xianghui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Injury ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression

AbstractDisulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) is an adiponectin-interacting protein that is highly expressed in adipose tissue. The adipo-renal axis involves adipocyte release of signaling molecules that are recruited to kidney and regulate kidney function. We have found that the DsbA-L modulated the progression of diabetic nephropathy, but the precise mechanism of this modulation is unknown. Here, the transgenic mice overexpressing DsbA-L protein in fat (fDsbA-L) were used to verify that the renoprotective role of DsbA-L whether by adipo-renal axis. Mice were divided into four groups: a normal (Control) group, STZ induced diabetic mice, fDsbA-L mice and diabetic fDsbA-L mice (n=6). Diabetes was induced in mice by STZ 100mg/kg and continued HFD feeding for 12 weeks. Compared with the control group, the weight, blood glucose,and urine protein levels and the pathological changes in the kidney tissue of diabetic mice were increased significantly, accompanied by increased NLRP3,caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, FN, and Collagen1 mRNA and protein expression, which were reduced in diabetic fDsbA-L mice. Interestingly, the level of adiponectin in serum and kidney expression in diabetic mice was reduced significantly compared to that in the control group. However this change was reversed in diabetic fDsbA-L mice. These data suggest that the overexpression of DsbA-L in the adipocytes of mice can protect against diabetic renal injury through anti-inflammatory mediators,and may be mediated by the adipo-renal axis.

scholarly journals Forensic implications of rape

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Novakovic
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Young Males ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Behavior

Introduction. Rape is a sexual act of violence in which physical strength is used. Criminal law imposes strict punishments for such crimes as rape. Psycho-pathologically, rape is among the gravest of crimes, often associated with extremely deviated behavior. This article deals with the forensic aspects of sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from 2000-2004. We report about sexual assaults, personality of delinquents, motives and consequences of rape. Material and Methods. Two groups of violent offenders were compared in the study: perpetrators of rape (N=90), and perpetrators of other criminal offences (N=90-recidivists). The control group included young males (N=90). Results. The results of the study show a high level of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The rape rate equals the level of homicide in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Rape offenders are mostly people with personal disorders (70%), but they also present with other illnesses and behavior disorders. Conclusion. The significance of rape as a violent crime has not been sufficiently studied. High incidence of violence and rape in Bosnia and Herzegovina is extremely disturbing. The most disturbing aspect is the increase of violence and failure to take certain measures. The role of psychiatry is to provide penal education, treatment and programs for elimination of consequences of rape. .

scholarly journals Expression and Potential Role of MMP-9 in Intrauterine Adhesion

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Congqing Li ◽  
Wenyan Wang ◽  
Shiying Sun ◽  
Youjiang Xu ◽  
Ziang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sham Group ◽  
Endometrial Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intrauterine Adhesions ◽  
Ctrl Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Intrauterine Adhesion ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Objective. Intrauterine adhesions affect menstruation and fertility, and endometrial fibrosis is the final manifestation of IUA. MMP-9 is closely related to fibrosis. The purpose of the study was to assess the role of MMP-9 in intrauterine adhesion (IUA) in rats and patients. Methods. 40 rats and 24 women were enrolled in this study. 40 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: IUA group ( n = 20 ), sham group ( n = 10 ), and control group ( n = 10 ). Rat IUA models were established by intrauterine mechanical and chemical injured. In this study, 12 patients of intrauterine adhesions were detected and underwent TCRA (transcervical resection of adhesion) surgery, and endometrial tissue specimens were obtained during operation. One month later, an office hysteroscopy procedure was performed, and endometrial tissue specimens were obtained during operation again (postoperative group). A group of 12 normal age-matched control individuals served as controls underwent hysteroscopy and endometrial sampling. We used immunohistochemistry to detect MMP-9 expressions in rats and human endometrial tissues and to detect MMP-9 protein levels by Western blotting. In addition, we detected mRNA expression levels with qRT-PCR. Results. The expression of MMP-9 in the IUA rats was reduced compared with that in the sham group and Ctrl group ( P < 0.05 ), and the expression of MMP-9 was also reduced in the IUA patients compared with that in the Ctrl group ( P < 0.05 ). The mRNA levels of MMP-9 in the endometrium reflected similar results ( P < 0.05 ). The MMP-9 clearly increased even in the endometrium after TCRA surgery ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Our study suggests that MMP-9 may play an important role in IUA. In the future, more in-depth research should be conducted on MMP-9.

scholarly journals Effect of Actin Alpha Cardiac Muscle 1 on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Bovine Myoblasts and Preadipocytes

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3468
Author(s):  
Anqi Li ◽  
Xiaotong Su ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Guibing Song ◽  
Linsen Zan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Normal Cell Cycle

Actin Alpha Cardiac Muscle 1 (ACTC1) gene is a differentially expressed gene screened through the co-culture system of myoblasts-preadipocytes. In order to study the role of this gene in the process of proliferation and differentiation of bovine myoblasts and preadipocytes, the methods of the knockdown, overexpression, and ectopic expression of ACTC1 were used in this study. After ACTC1 knockdown in bovine myoblasts and inducing differentiation, the sizes and numbers of myotube formation were significantly reduced compared to the control group, and myogenic marker genes—MYOD1, MYOG, MYH3, MRF4, MYF5, CKM and MEF2A—were significantly decreased (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) at both the mRNA and protein levels of myoblasts at different differentiation stages (D0, D2, D4, D6 and D8). Conversely, ACTC1 overexpression induced the inverse result. After ectopic expression of ACTC1 in bovine preadipocytes and induced differentiation, the number and size of lipid droplets were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the expression of adipogenic marker genes—FABP4, SCD1, PPARγ and FASN—were significantly increased (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) at the mRNA and protein levels of preadipocytes at different differentiation stages. Flow cytometry results showed that both the knockdown and overexpression of ACTC1 inhibited the normal cell cycle of myoblasts; however, ectopic expression of ACTC1 in adipocytes induced no significant cell cycle changes. This study is the first to explore the role of ACTC1 in bovine myogenesis and lipogenesis and demonstrates that ACTC1 promotes the differentiation of bovine myoblasts and preadipocytes, affecting the proliferation of myoblasts.

scholarly journals The Association of Aberrant Expression of FGF1 and mTOR-S6K1 in Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinghui Duan ◽  
Diyuan Zhou ◽  
Yizhou Yao ◽  
Xinyu Shao
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
And Migration ◽  
High Level ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms worldwide, and the effect of treatments is limited. Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) has been involved in a wide variety of several malignant diseases and takes part in the tumorigenesis of CRC. However, the function and mechanism of FGF1 in CRC remains elusive. In this study, the results indicated that FGF1 is elevated in CRC tissues and linked with poor prognosis (P &lt; 0.001). In subgroup analysis of FGF1 in CRC, regardless of any clinic-factors except gender, high level FGF1 expression was associated with markedly shorter survival (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the expression of p-S6K1 and FGF1 was not associated in normal tissue (P = 0.781), but their expression was closely related in tumor tissue (P = 0.010). The oncogenic role of FGF1 was determined using in vitro and in vivo functional assays. FGF1 depletion inhibited the proliferation and migration of CRC cells in vitro and vivo. FGF1 was also significantly correlated with mTOR-S6K1 pathway on the gene and protein levels (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, FGF1 acts as a tumor activator in CRC, and against FGF1 may provide a new visual field on treating CRC, especially for mTORC1-targeted resistant patients.

Microinjection of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor into the anteroventral preoptic region attenuates LPS fever

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. R783-R789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Scammell ◽  
John D. Griffin ◽  
Joel K. Elmquist ◽  
Clifford B. Saper
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor ◽  
Preoptic Region ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intravenous Ketorolac

Considerable evidence supports the role of prostaglandins in fever production, but the neuroanatomic sites of prostaglandin synthesis that produce fever remain unknown. With the use of a novel microinjection technique, we injected the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ketorolac into the preoptic area (POA) to determine which preoptic regions produce the prostaglandins required for fever. Initial experiments demonstrated that intravenous ketorolac blocked the fever normally produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 5 μg/kg iv. Microinjection of ketorolac into the POA had no effect on body temperature, and injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid into the POA did not alter LPS fever. Injection of ketorolac into the anteroventral POA markedly decreased the fever produced by LPS, compared with injections into more rostral, caudal, or dorsal locations. These observations indicate that prostaglandin synthesis in the anteroventral preoptic region is necessary for the production of fever.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the role of CRP as an early predictor of chorioamnionitis in PPROM

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amika Aggarwal ◽  
Sangeeta Pahwa
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Leucocyte Count ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Early Predictor

Background: Preterm birth is one of the most important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. PROM is defined as spontaneous rupture of membranes before the onset of uterine contraction. Objective of present study was to evaluate the role of CRP as an early predictor of Chorioamnionitis in PPROM.Methods: A prospective study was done on 50 cases with PPROM and 50cases of control group without PPROM. All mothers and babies were observed from the time of admission to the time of discharge.Results: C-reactive protein appears to be the most sensitive acute phase protein; rising of less than 24 hours makes it suitable to serve as a marker for diagnosing an infective process in early stage. On comparing C-reactive protein levels with other laboratory tests and indicators of infection (e.g. total leucocyte count DLC, maternal fever, maternal tachycardia, fetal tachycardia) we found CRP level to be more sensitive (100%) but less specific (69.56%) in identifying clinical Chorioamnionitis. The positive predictive value was 22.22% and negative predictive value was 100%.Conclusions: In cases of PPROM, raised CRP is an early predictor of clinical Chorioamnionitis as well as histological Chorioamnionitis.

Role of an excitatory preoptic-raphé pathway in febrile vasoconstriction of the rat's tail

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (12) ◽  
pp. R1479-R1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsumi Tanaka ◽  
Michael J. McKinley ◽  
Robin M. McAllen
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Preoptic Region ◽  
Glutamate Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Medullary Raphe ◽  
Premotor Neurons ◽  
Lateral Cerebral Ventricle

Heat dissipation from the rat's tail is reduced in response to cold and during fever. The sympathetic premotor neurons for this mechanism, located in the medullary raphé, are under tonic inhibitory control from the preoptic area. In parallel with the inhibitory pathway, an excitatory pathway from the rostromedial preoptic region (RMPO) to the medullary raphé mediates the vasoconstrictor response to cold skin. Whether this applies also to the tail vasoconstrictor response in fever is unknown. Single- or a few-unit tail sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) was recorded in urethane-anesthetized, artificially ventilated rats. Experimental fever was induced by PGE2 injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle (50 ng in 1.5 μl icv) or into the RMPO (0.2 ng in 60 nl); in both cases, there was a robust increase in tail SNA and a delayed rise in core temperature. Microinjection of glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenate (50 mM, 120 nl) into the medullary raphé completely reversed the tail SNA response to intracerebroventricular or RMPO PGE2 injection. Inhibiting RMPO neurons by microinjecting glycine (0.5 M, 60 nl) or the GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol (2 mM, 30–60 nl), reduced the tail SNA response to PGE2 injected into the same site by approximately half. Vehicle injections into the medullary raphé or RMPO were without effect. These results suggest that the tail vasoconstrictor response during experimental fever depends on a glutamatergic excitatory synaptic relay in the medullary raphé and that an excitatory output signal from the RMPO contributes to the tail vasoconstrictor response during fever.

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