scholarly journals Forensic implications of rape

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Novakovic
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Young Males ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Behavior

Introduction. Rape is a sexual act of violence in which physical strength is used. Criminal law imposes strict punishments for such crimes as rape. Psycho-pathologically, rape is among the gravest of crimes, often associated with extremely deviated behavior. This article deals with the forensic aspects of sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from 2000-2004. We report about sexual assaults, personality of delinquents, motives and consequences of rape. Material and Methods. Two groups of violent offenders were compared in the study: perpetrators of rape (N=90), and perpetrators of other criminal offences (N=90-recidivists). The control group included young males (N=90). Results. The results of the study show a high level of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The rape rate equals the level of homicide in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Rape offenders are mostly people with personal disorders (70%), but they also present with other illnesses and behavior disorders. Conclusion. The significance of rape as a violent crime has not been sufficiently studied. High incidence of violence and rape in Bosnia and Herzegovina is extremely disturbing. The most disturbing aspect is the increase of violence and failure to take certain measures. The role of psychiatry is to provide penal education, treatment and programs for elimination of consequences of rape. .

scholarly journals Forensic evaluation of persons with destructive behavior in the postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Novakovic ◽  
Milanko Cabarkapa ◽  
Tanja Ille ◽  
Andrej Ilankovic
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Forensic Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Destructive Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Discriminative Function ◽  
High Level

Background/Aim. Different persons show forensic differences related to aggressive behavior in criminal and violation acts. The aim of this study was to forensically analyze the influence of socio-dynamic conditions and stress in testing the forensic hypothesis of hetero-destruction, and analysis of persons with destructive behavior in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) in the period from 1996?2005. Methods. The experimental group consisted of 125 persons who had committed a crime according to the Criminal Law of B&H and, thus were under security measures or treatment. The control group consisted of 125 persons who had committed a violation. The following psychometric tests/questionnaires were used in the study: Eysenek Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Profile Index of Emotions (PIE). Results. There were a significant difference between the respondents? groups related to gender (p < 0.01), while broken family, migration, and family comorbidity showed insignificant differences. EPQ test showed statistically significant differences between the groups for all four variables, and Beck test found significant differences only for some ones. PIE test proved the relations of the basic emotions confirmed by discriminative function. Conclusion. High level of hetero-destruction in crime was proven in the study. Criminal acts and violations were committed by the persons without psychopathology, as well as by the persons with mental diseases, which rendered a forensic responsibility and analysis of such an influence on behavior.

scholarly journals Association ofTNF-857C>T,TNFRSF1A36A>G, andTNFRSF1B676T>GPolymorphisms with Ischemic Stroke in a Greek Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Markoula ◽  
Anthoula Chatzikyriakidou ◽  
Sotirios Giannopoulos ◽  
Kargiotis Odysseas ◽  
Sofia Markou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Greek Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Incidence

Background. The role of genetic factors in the predisposition to develop ischemic stroke has been assessed by previous studies. The main goal of the current study was to determine any possible role ofTNF-857C>T,TNFRSF1A36A>G,andTNFRSF1B676T>Gpolymorphisms in risk for stroke.Materials and Methods. One hundred seventy-three patients with first ever ischemic stroke of solely atherosclerotic etiology in Northwest Greece and a control group of 179 healthy unrelated subjects were evaluated.Results.TNFα-857TT,TNFR136AA, andTNFR2676TTgenotypes were significantly increased in the patient group compared to controls (, OR = 2.47 (1.26–4.84), , OR = 1.97 (1.22–3.17), and , OR = 2.2 (1.43–3.37), resp.). In addition, theTNFR136Aand theTNFR2676Talleles were found significantly increased in patients compared to controls (, OR = 1.48 (1.1–2) and , OR = 1.75 (1.25–2.46), resp.).Conclusion. The high incidence of these genotypes and alleles in patient group suggests that they are potentially predisposing factors for stroke in the Greek population studied. Large-scale multicenter controlled studies are needed to verify these polymorphisms effects on stroke susceptibility.

scholarly journals Ring Shaped Cataract and Urinary Metabolites Among 2,4,6-trinitrotoulene Exposed Population of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Sarwat ◽  
Ambreen Akhtar ◽  
Syeda Fizza Abdud Dayan ◽  
Najma Shaheen ◽  
Humna Shahid Durrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Urine Metabolites ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Safety protocols are usually neglected among most of the TNT exposed population, therefore, rendering the community prone to various occupational hazards. The current study highlights ring shaped cataract and urinary metabolites of TNT among TNT exposed population (n=26) against a control group (n=20).Methods: An observational case-control study was carried out in two groups: 300 subjects exposed to TNT in Dir and Bajour Agency, Pakistan and a control group from the base hospital. We determined the presence of ring shaped cataract and urine metabolites of TNT using slit lamp biomicroscope and gas chromatography mass spectrometric analysis respectively.Results: Results substantiate a high level of urine metabolites for exposed subjects compared to the control group (p<0.001). Age had no significant effect on (p>0.05) on presence of ring shaped cataract and the level of urinary metabolites of TNT, while duration of exposure showed significant effect (p<0.001). Females showed high incidence of ring shaped cataract and urinary metabolites of TNT than men ( p<0.001). The mean age of the exposed subjects was 51±14.38 (Mean+SD) years. The mean year of exposure was 49±5 (Mean+SD) years,Conclusion: This study showed TNT as a risk factor for the presence of ring-shaped cataract among TNT exposed group in Pakistan. It is important to screen exposed community for the presence of ring-shaped cataract, and pre-clinical identification of TNT adducts to prevent systemic complications.

Peculiar Aspects of Reading and Writing Performances in Patients with Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 677-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Moretti ◽  
Paola Torre ◽  
Rodolfo M. Antonello ◽  
Nicola Carraro ◽  
Sandro Zambito-Marsala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Ocular Movement ◽  
Reticular System ◽  
Conscious Process

Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) is a still debated condition, of which motor disruption is the most common feature. A high incidence of associated mood disorders may exist, but there are few studies on concomitant cognitive impairment. Our aim was to assess whether there is reading and writing disruption in olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA). 6 patients were administered different reading and writing tasks. Scores were then compared to those obtained by healthy volunteers. There was an evident impairment in reading and writing execution in out patients compared to those of the control group. On the contrary, no difference could be found in abstraction, problem-solving, and memory tasks. We discuss the results, debating the role of the cerebellum in the conscious process of cognition or in ocular movement control (necessary for reading and writing fluidity and effective execution) and in the dynamic activation of all the cerebral cortex mediated by the diffuse projection to the reticular system.

scholarly journals IMPROVING STUDENT’S MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND SELF CONCEPT BY USING RECIPROCAL TEACHING

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Dani Agung Prasetio ◽  
Utari Sumarmo ◽  
Asep Ikin Sugandi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Reciprocal Teaching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Approaches ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
High Level

This study is a pretest-postest experiment control group design having a goal to analyze the role of Previous Mathematical Ability and Reciprocal Teaching in mathematics (RTM) on students’ mathematical reasoning ability (MRA) and self concept in mathematics (SCM). The study involves 66 seventh grade students, a PMA test,  a MRA test, and a SCM scale, and student’s perception on RTM. The study revealed that RTM took better role than PMA on obtaining MRA and SCM. For entirely students and of students with high PMA in both teaching approaches and the grades of MRA and SCM were at high level. Besides that, study found there were no association between MRA and SCM and there were no interaction between PMA and teaching approaches toward RMA and SCM. Like  that, students expressed positive opinion on RTM, even if, student still realized few difficulties in solving MRA,

scholarly journals THE SURFACTANT SYSTEM OF THE LUNGS. A REVIEW ARTICLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
O.V. Ishutsina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Surfactant System ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Pulmonary Pathology ◽  
High Level ◽  
Structure And Functions

This article contains the information about the structure, functioning, and regeneration of type 2 pneumocytes. The composition of the surfactant, the processes of its synthesis, formation, secretion, distribution and redistribution of its components, as well as the biological role of the surfactant in the functioning of the lungs are described in detail. The information about the development of the surfactant system of the lungs during embryogenesis is also included. Objectives. To review modern literature on the structure and functions of the surfactant system of the lungs, the organization and structure of the surfactant, the mechanism of surfactant formation, the embryogenesis of the respiratory section, to characterize the structure and processes of the functioning of type 2 pneumocytes, as well as the processes of synthesis and secretion of the surfactant, its biological role in the functioning of the lungs. The relevance of the chosen topic is connected with a high level of the respiratory system pathology including a high incidence of respiratory system organs diseases in early childhood, associated with an insufficient level of the surfactant maturity. The problem of pulmonary pathology in newborns, including premature babies, largely determines the level of infant morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Role of metformin pregravid preparation patients with prediabetes impaired glucose toletance

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Konstantinovich Komarov ◽  
Tamara Aleksandrovna Pluzhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Insulin Resistence ◽  
Group I ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

Tasks of investigation were concluded the characterization of insulin resistence (IR) and hormonal features in patients with prediabetes and influence of diet or metformin on the course of pregnancy and perinatal complications. There were examined 61 womans. The OGTT, definition of insulin levels in plasma and index IR were performed in all patiens. OGTT and index IR were normal in 14 womans (control group I). OGTT was normal but index IR was impared in 33 womans (group IR - II). From this group 22 womans were treated with diet (II A group) and 11 womans treated with metformin (IIB group). OGTT and index IR were abnormal in 14 womans (impared OGTT - III group), they were treated with metformin. Dose of metformin was 1500 mg/d, threatment was continueted for 3-4 manths. Conclusion: Used indexes IR basal and two hour after glucose load were significant in definition of normal and decreased insulin sensitivity (IR). Presence of IR is accompanied by high level of free testosterone in blood without impared secretion of ovarian and suprarenal androgens. There was impared sensitivity of endometrium of secretory stage. The frequency of obstetric and perinatal complications in patients receiving diet not differ from patients treated with metformin. There was only a tendercy to low frequency of threatening miscarriages befor 12 weeks of gestations in paitiens receiving metformin. Development of GDM was observed in 13,1 % of patiens only with presence of IR. The use of metformin in pregravidal stage preserved the development of macrosomia in offsprings of patients with prediabetes.

scholarly journals The role of intestinal microbiote disorders in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and eczema infectious

2018 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
T. A. Lytynska ◽  
T. Р. Korgova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Pathogenetic Factor ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the work was to study the quantitative and qualitative composition of microbiota of the colon in patients with psoriasis and eczema infectious and to analyze the impact of its violations on the severity of the clinical course of the diseases. There were examined in a complex way 34 patients with psoriasis and eczema in factious illness. The age of the subjectsrangedfrom 23 to 70 years, amongthem: women – 15 (44,1 %), men – 19 (55,9 %), the period of the disease ranged from 2 to 42 years. The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy persons. In order to diagnose concomitant dysbiotic changes in the large intestine, microbiological examination of feces was performed on the patients (according to the method of Epstein – Litvak and Vilshanskaya). A high incidence of various intestinal pathologies (dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome, functional disorders by the hepatobiliary system, gallstone disease etc.) was detected. In the microbiological study of feces, concomitant dysbiosis of the colon was detected in 16 (72,7 %) patients. Disturbance of the microbiota of the colon of varying severity is more often diagnosed in patients with more severe clinical course of psoriasis and eczema of infectious, as well as with a longer duration of the disease. The obtained data suggest that the intestinal microbiota, in particular colon dysbiosis, should be considered an important pathogenetic factor that negatively influences the nature and severity of the psoriasis and infectious eczema and requires timely diagnosis and appropriate medical correction.

scholarly journals Stakeholders’ Opinions towards Water-Related Forests Ecosystem Services in Selected Southeast European Countries (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12001
Author(s):  
Dijana Vuletić ◽  
Silvija Krajter Ostoić ◽  
Klára Báliková ◽  
Mersudin Avdibegović ◽  
Kristina Potočki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
High Level

Even though water-related forest ecosystem services are important for forestry and water management sectors, they have different definitions and are regulated differently in each sector, which makes them poorly recognized. How stakeholders from two main sectors (forestry and water management) perceive the importance of water-related forest ecosystem services, the trade-offs between ecosystem services and the effectiveness and implementation of payments schemes related to forest water ecosystem services were our areas of interest. We have conduct surveys with different groups of stakeholders from both sectors in four selected countries (the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia) with a lot of similarities and the potential to learn from each other. The results show that in spite of the spotted differences among analyzed countries, there is a high level of agreement among respondents on all investigated aspects. In addition, even though different payment schemes exist in three of four countries, stakeholders are rarely aware of their existence, or it is better to say that they do not recognize them as payment schemes for ecosystem services because of their names and definitions, which do not clearly define ecosystem services. Mostly, they use bundled services and non-voluntary payments and are designed and implemented by the states. Due to the strong role of states and the low transparency in the existing schemes, we looked at possible conditions reflected through stakeholders’ opinions for overcoming that obstacle for the development of new payment schemes. We found that there is a high level of acceptance of payments schemes as more effective than “command and control” schemes and of the involvement of other stakeholders in decision-making processes as those conditions that can positively influence development of new payment schemes in all four countries. These results give us hope that in spite of the strong role of the state in selected countries, the role of stakeholders will be more acknowledged and, by that, the future schemes will be more harmonized among the sectors and their goals and needs, contributing to its effectiveness as well.

scholarly journals The role of endothelin-1 and its autoantibodies in the pathogenesisof atopic dermatitis: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kibalina ◽  
Namzhil N. Tsybikov
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Level

Background. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic multifactorial dermatosis with a complex pathophysiological basis. One of the poorly studied links in the pathogenesis of the disease is endothelin-1. Its main biological effects include pronounced vasoconstriction of blood vessels. Aim. To study the role of endothelin-1 and its autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients with common and limited forms of atopic dermatitis in the period of exacerbation and remission. The concentration of endothelin-1 and autoantibodies to it in the blood serum was determined by the ELISA method. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using Statistica 6.0. Statistical significance was determined at p 0.05. Results. High concentrations of endothelin-1 and autoantibodies to it were determined during the exacerbation of the disease. When the clinical picture was resolved; the concentration of endothelin-1 and autoantibodies to it significantly decreased; but remained higher than the control group. Based on the data obtained; it can be assumed that an increase in the concentration of endothelin-1 may be a marker of white dermographism and a regulator of the microcirculation process in the skin. Conclusions. A high level of endothelin-1 contributes to the development of inflammatory reactions in the skin; white dermographism and itching. Endothelin-1 receptors may be potential aim for targeted therapy of atopic dermatitis.

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