scholarly journals Some Molecular and Cellular Stress Mechanisms Associated with Neurodegenerative Diseases and Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Margarita A. Sazonova ◽  
Vasily V. Sinyov ◽  
Anastasia I. Ryzhkova ◽  
Marina D. Sazonova ◽  
Tatiana V. Kirichenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Cellular Stress ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Molecular Variants ◽  
Cellular Types

Chronic stress is a combination of nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body to the influence of various adverse stress factors which disrupt its homeostasis, and it is also a corresponding state of the organism’s nervous system (or the body in general). We hypothesized that chronic stress may be one of the causes occurence of several molecular and cellular types of stress. We analyzed literary sources and considered most of these types of stress in our review article. We examined genes and mutations of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and also molecular variants which lead to various types of stress. The end result of chronic stress can be metabolic disturbance in humans and animals, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, energy deficiency in cells (due to a decrease in ATP synthesis) and mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes can last for the lifetime and lead to severe pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. The analysis of literature allowed us to conclude that under the influence of chronic stress, metabolism in the human body can be disrupted, mutations of the mitochondrial and nuclear genome and dysfunction of cells and their compartments can occur. As a result of these processes, oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular stress can occur. Therefore, chronic stress can be one of the causes forthe occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. In particular, chronic stress can play a large role in the occurrence and development of oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular types of stress.

scholarly journals CHRONIC STRESS AND ITS METABOLIC SUPPORT

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
A.I. Gozhenko ◽  
Yu.M. Hryshko
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Regulatory Systems

Adaptation of the body to the action of stress factors occurs as a result of changes in physiological constants while maintaining the level of metabolic processes, is provided by simultaneous changes in the biochemical, primarily energy supply of tissues. Regardless of the nature of the stress-inducing effect, it is versatile. The body responds to stress with a stereotypical set of biochemical and physiological processes, the course of which provides non-specific or urgent adaptation. Environmental factors, to which the body adapts, acting in different ways, ultimately lead to the same general set of disorders - a lack of energy supply, an increase in the phosphorylation potential and the mobilization of energy resources. Chronic psychoemotional stress causes prolonged peroxidation of heart lipids, activation of lipases and phospholipases, and also contributes to the development of vascular atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and hypertension. In chronic stress, a situation arises when stressful influences, primarily psycho-emotional ones, are not always accompanied by an increase in function. At the same time, the stereotypicity of the stress response is in the simultaneous, but not adequate function of the change in metabolism, because the same regulatory systems work simultaneously. A state arises that we previously described as a somato-regulatory imbalance. One of the main manifestations of which is the inadequacy of the energy biochemical support of the body, i.e., a violation of the functional-metabolic continuum (FMC). It is this (hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, activation of peroxidative metabolism) that acts as the main pathogenetic factors that are responsible for a number of pathophysiological disorders in chronic stress.  

scholarly journals Mitochondrien unter Stress: Die Rolle der Präsequenzprotease MPP

BIOspektrum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-393
Author(s):  
F.-Nora Vögtle
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Cellular Stress ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Cellular Stress Response ◽  
Mitochondrial Proteins ◽  
Protein Biogenesis ◽  
Cellular Integrity

AbstractThe majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome, so that the nearly entire proteome is assembled by post-translational preprotein import from the cytosol. Proteomic imbalances are sensed and induce cellular stress response pathways to restore proteostasis. Here, the mitochondrial presequence protease MPP serves as example to illustrate the critical role of mitochondrial protein biogenesis and proteostasis on cellular integrity.

scholarly journals Impact of Vanadium Complexes Treatment on the Oxidative Stress Factors in Wistar Rats Plasma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Francik ◽  
M. Krośniak ◽  
M. Barlik ◽  
A. Kudła ◽  
R. Gryboś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vanadium Complexes ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of vanadium complexes on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (Chol), uric acid (UA), urea (U), and antioxidant parameters: nonenzymatic (FRAP—ferric reducing ability of plasma, and reduced glutathione—GSH) and enzymatic (glutathione peroxidase—GPx, catalase—CAT, and GPx/CAT ratio) activity in the plasma of healthy male Wistar rats. Three vanadium complexes: [VO(bpy)2]SO4⋅2H2O, [VO(4,4′Me2bpy)2]SO4⋅2H2O, and Na[VO(O2)2(bpy)]⋅8H2O are administered by gavage during 5 weeks in two different diets such as control (C) and high fatty (F) diets. Changes of biochemical and antioxidants parameters are measured in plasma. All three vanadium complexes statistically decrease the body mass growth in comparison to the control and fatty diet. In plasma GSH was statistically increased in all vanadium complexes-treated rats from control and fatty group in comparison to only control group. Calculated GPX/CAT ratio was the highest in the control group in comparison to others.

scholarly journals How the Entertaining Effects of Movies Help People to Reduce Chronic Stress and Increase Happiness

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Zhesheng (Jason) Xu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entertainment Industry ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Emotional Event ◽  
Scientific Experiments

With the increasing stress from work and study that people face today, easy-to-access entertainment to release chronic stress and increase happiness would arouse more popularity. As a traditional entertainment industry, Movie is easy to access by going to the cinema or watching online, which has become an increasingly globalized business. The present research was on how the entertaining effects of movies are associated with psychological well-being. It provides a study on three film types, comedies, tearjerkers, and thrilling movies. Comic movies are usually welcome, which bring people happiness by funny plots. Moreover, many scientific experiments made before verified that people will unconsciously mimic the facial expressions of characters in comedies, which turns out to affect the experience of the same emotion of happiness through the integration between the body and brain. Tearjerkers may bring people tears. However, an experiment made by Gracˇanin, Vingerhoets, Kardum, Šantek,& Šimic´ (2015), provided evidence that after the initial deterioration of mood following crying, it takes some time for the mood, not just to recover, but also to become even less negative than before the emotional event. Per Sapolsky, R.M, scary and thrilling movies generate moderate glucocorticoid elevation, which turns out to trigger the release of dopamine from pleasure pathways and gain a sense of anticipatory pleasure. Besides the above mentioned, there are also general benefits of movies, such as social connections, a distraction from worries, and increased flow. All of those make movies good activities to reduce chronic stress and increase happiness.

scholarly journals Non hormonal management options for menstrual cycle irregularities

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
High Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Menstrual Irregularities ◽  
Menstrual Rhythm

Menstrual rhythm disorders and symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle are one of the main reasons for women to make an appointment with a gynecologist. After the endocrinopathies and organic substrates of menstrual irregularities are excluded, the doctor is faced with the difficult task to treat conditions that reflect the functional dysfunction of the body and its adaptation to high stress load. It is beyond argument that hormone therapy is the main resource of a gynecologist, but it is not always acceptable and does not solve all the problems of normalizing psychoneuroendocrine status. The dependence of functional disorders on environmental stress factors allows a doctor to use lifestyle correction, including rational nutrition and adding various micronutrients, in a program to improve the quality of life, eliminate psychoemotional symptoms and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction. In turn, the restoration of the adaptive reserve of the body becomes key to the recovery of menstrual function.

A Review of Microsystem Factors Related to Stress in Undergraduate Students Studying Communication Sciences and Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Brianne H. Roos ◽  
Janet S. Schreck
Keyword(s):  
Parent Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Impact Stress ◽  
Faculty Relationships ◽  
Individual Support

Purpose The purpose of this review article is to review the existing literature about the factors that impact stress in undergraduate students studying communication sciences and disorders (CSD). Current undergraduate students are more stressed than their predecessors and the body of literature about stressed students is growing. However, CSD students' experience may differ from their non-CSD peers and there is a dearth of literature about stressed CSD students, in particular. Method This is a narrative review of the literature about the factors that impact stress in undergraduate students studying CSD. The review is structured using the ecological systems theoretical framework with an emphasis on the microsystems that encompass the most salient factors related to undergraduate students' stress. Factors such as family influence (e.g., parenting style, parent education), peer support, faculty relationships, minority status, technology, and individual health behaviors were explored in the literature using electronic databases. Conclusions This review of the literature suggests that a myriad of microsystem factors contribute to the stress of undergraduate CSD students. Although the review focuses on microsystem factors that are closest to students, it is important to situate the results in context. The mental health of college students was on the decline before COVID-19, and as the economic and public health of the nation and world shift, the urgency to attend to our students increases. This review contributes to the greater understanding of CSD students' experiences that will inform programmatic and individual support.

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE PROVISION OF SAFETY OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF TECHNOGENIC PRESSURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
L. L. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
G. A. Zhorov ◽  
V. N. Obryvin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Livestock Breeding

In the conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure on the environment, the issues of developing and applying effective means and methods for preventing the admission and cumulation of xenobiotics in the organism of animals and the products obtained become of high importance. At the same time, it is necessary to solve such issues as deficiencies of micro and macro elements in soils, feed and the body, the effect of oxidative stress, immune deficiency and other problems that are closely interrelated with the effect of ecotoxicants on the body. The solution of practical problems of preserving animal health and producing safe products in ecologically unfavorable regions consists in the development of an integrated livestock breeding system, which allows minimizing the migration of a particular ecotoxicant in the trophic chain soil-feed-animal-production and compensating for negative processes developing in the body of animals as a result of exposure of harmful environmental factors, mineral and vitamin deficiencies and imbalances in rations, chronic effects of stress factors, immunodeficiency, etc. The article presents a set of measures to ensure the production of safe products in the conduct of animal husbandry in regions with high anthropogenic load, the main attention is paid to the development of compositions of sorption-detoxifying agents and private technologies of their application

Extracellular vesicles, stem cells and the role of miRNAs in neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaz M. Belkozhayev ◽  
Minnatallah Al-Yozbaki ◽  
Alex George ◽  
Raigul Ye Niyazova ◽  
Kamalidin O. Sharipov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
The Body ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Crucial Information

There are different modalities of intercellular communication governed by cellular homeostasis. In this review, we will explore one of these forms of communication called extracellular vesicles (EVs). These vesicles are released by all cells in the body and are heterogeneous in nature. The primary function of EVs is to share information through their cargo consisting of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, dsDNA etc.) with other cells, which have a direct consequence on their microenvironment. We will focus on the role of EVs of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the nervous system and how these participate in intercellular communication to maintain physiological function and provide neuroprotection. However, deregulation of this same communication system could play a role in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, prion disease and Huntington’s disease. The release of EVs from a cell provides crucial information to what is happening inside the cell and thus could be used in diagnostics and therapy. We will discuss and explore new avenues for the clinical applications of using engineered MSC-EVs and their potential therapeutic benefit in treating neurodegenerative diseases.

Cellular metabolism

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-194
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport Chain ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Cellular Compartments

‘Cellular metabolism’ addresses the major biochemical pathways and processes of the cells of the body. These include the central metabolic pathways involved in energy production: the tricarboxylic acid or Krebs cycle, and ATP synthesis through the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmotic theory). Metabolism of each of the major fuel sources is considered: lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, including energy storage as fat and glycogen, and excretion of nitrogen via the urea cycle. The different cellular compartments for metabolism are explored, as is the integration and regulation of the metabolic processes in a number of conditions such as fasting and starvation, exercise, pregnancy, and diabetes. Finally in this chapter the clinical aspects of metabolism are discussed, including energy balance and nutrition, obesity, and inborn errors of metabolism.

Polyphenols in Food: Cancer Prevention and Apoptosis Induction

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (36) ◽  
pp. 4740-4757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashita Sharma ◽  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Jatinder Kaur Katnoria ◽  
Avinash Kaur Nagpal
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups

Polyphenols are a group of water-soluble organic compounds, mainly of natural origin. The compounds having about 5-7 aromatic rings and more than 12 phenolic hydroxyl groups are classified as polyphenols. These are the antioxidants which protect the body from oxidative damage. In plants, they are the secondary metabolites produced as a defense mechanism against stress factors. Antioxidant property of polyphenols is suggested to provide protection against many diseases associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS), including cancer. Various studies carried out across the world have suggested that polyphenols can inhibit the tumor generation, induce apoptosis in cancer cells and interfere in progression of tumors. This group of wonder compounds is present in surplus in natural plants and food products. Intake of polyphenols through diet can scavenge ROS and thus can help in cancer prevention. The plant derived products can also be used along with conventional chemotherapy to enhance the chemopreventive effects. The present review focuses on various in vitro and in vivo studies carried out to assess the anti-carcinogenic potential of polyphenols present in our food. Also, the pathways involved in cancer chemopreventive effects of various subclasses (flavonoids, lignans, stilbenes and phenolic acids) of polyphenols are discussed.

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