scholarly journals Searching for New Beneficial Bacterial Isolates of Wild Raspberries for Biocontrol of Phytopathogens-Antagonistic Properties and Functional Characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9361
Author(s):  
Michał Pylak ◽  
Karolina Oszust ◽  
Magdalena Frąc
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Soil Status

The threat caused by plants fungal and fungal-like pathogens is a serious problem in the organic farming of soft fruits. The European Commission regulations prohibit some commercially available chemical plant protection products, and instead recommend the use of natural methods for improving the microbial soil status and thus increasing resistance to biotic stresses caused by phytopathogens. The solution to this problem may be biopreparations based on, e.g., bacteria, especially those isolated from native local environments. To select proper bacterial candidates for biopreparation, research was provided to preliminarily ensure that those isolates are able not only to inhibit the growth of pathogens, but also to be metabolically effective. In the presented research sixty-five isolates were acquired and identified. Potentially pathogenic isolates were excluded from further research, and beneficial bacterial isolates were tested against the following plant pathogens: Botrytis spp., Colletotrichum spp., Phytophthora spp., and Verticillium spp. The eight most effective antagonists belonging to Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhodococcus genera were subjected to metabolic and enzymatic analyses and a resistance to chemical stress survey, indicating to their potential as components of biopreparations for agroecology.

scholarly journals Screening of Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of 90 Commercial Essential Oils against 10 Pathogens of Agronomical Importance

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1418
Author(s):  
Caroline De Clerck ◽  
Simon Dal Maso ◽  
Olivier Parisi ◽  
Frédéric Dresen ◽  
Abdesselam Zhiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds

Nowadays, the demand for a reduction of chemical pesticides use is growing. In parallel, the development of alternative methods to protect crops from pathogens and pests is also increasing. Essential oil (EO) properties against plant pathogens are well known, and they are recognized as having an interesting potential as alternative plant protection products. In this study, 90 commercially available essential oils have been screened in vitro for antifungal and antibacterial activity against 10 plant pathogens of agronomical importance. EOs have been tested at 500 and 1000 ppm, and measures have been made at three time points for fungi (24, 72 and 120 h of contact) and every two hours for 12 h for bacteria, using Elisa microplates. Among the EOs tested, the ones from Allium sativum, Corydothymus capitatus, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Eugenia caryophyllus, and Litsea citrata were particularly efficient and showed activity on a large panel of pathogens. Among the pathogens tested, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium graminearum were the most sensitive, while Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Phytophthora infestans were the less sensitive. Some EOs, such as the ones from A. sativum, C. capitatus, C. cassia, C. zeylanicum, C. citratus, C. flexuosus, E. caryophyllus, and L. citrata, have a generalist effect, and are active on several pathogens (7 to 10). These oils are rich in phenols, phenylpropanoids, organosulfur compounds, and/or aldehydes. Others, such as EOs from Citrus sinensis, Melaleucacajputii, and Vanilla fragrans, seem more specific, and are only active on one to three pathogens. These oils are rich in terpenes and aldehydes.

scholarly journals Use of Competitive Filamentous Fungi as an Alternative Approach for Mycotoxin Risk Reduction in Staple Cereals: State of Art and Future Perspectives

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sarrocco ◽  
Antonio Mauro ◽  
Paola Battilani
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Beneficial Fungi

Among plant fungal diseases, those affecting cereals represent a huge problem in terms of food security and safety. Cereals, such as maize and wheat, are very often targets of mycotoxigenic fungi. The limited availability of chemical plant protection products and physical methods to control mycotoxigenic fungi and to reduce food and feed mycotoxin contamination fosters alternative approaches, such as the use of beneficial fungi as an active ingredient of biological control products. Competitive interactions, including both exploitation and interference competition, between pathogenic and beneficial fungi, are generally recognized as mechanisms to control plant pathogens populations and to manage plant diseases. In the present review, two examples concerning the use of competitive beneficial filamentous fungi for the management of cereal diseases are discussed. The authors retrace the history of the well-established use of non-aflatoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus to prevent aflatoxin contamination in maize and give an overview of the potential use of competitive beneficial filamentous fungi to manage Fusarium Head Blight on wheat and mitigate fusaria toxin contamination. Although important steps have been made towards the development of microorganisms as active ingredients of plant protection products, a reasoned revision of the registration rules is needed to significantly reduce the chemical based plant protection products in agriculture.

Durability of efficacy of microbial bioprotectants against plant diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-122
Author(s):  
Marc Bardin ◽  
◽  
Thomas Pressecq ◽  
Philippe C. Nicot ◽  
Yousra Bouaoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Selection Of

Plant pathogens can develop resistance to conventional plant protection products but their ability to overcome the effect of microbial bioprotectants is still poorly known. However, various studies show that susceptibility of plant pathogens to microbial bioprotectants can be highly variable. This may contribute to the inconsistent efficacy of microbial bioprotectants sometimes observed in the field. An important question is whether the widespread use of microbial bioprotectants in the field could conduct to the selection of even more resistant phenotypes of plant pathogens. This chapter highlights current knowledge concerning erosion of microbial bioprotectants against plant pathogens and its possible consequences for field efficacy.

scholarly journals Ecological Dynamics and Microbial Treatments against Oomycete Plant Pathogens

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2697
Author(s):  
Karen E. Sullam ◽  
Tomke Musa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Ecological Concepts ◽  
Microbial Biocontrol Agents

In this review, we explore how ecological concepts may help assist with applying microbial biocontrol agents to oomycete pathogens. Oomycetes cause a variety of agricultural diseases, including potato late blight, apple replant diseases, and downy mildew of grapevine, which also can lead to significant economic damage in their respective crops. The use of microbial biocontrol agents is increasingly gaining interest due to pressure from governments and society to reduce chemical plant protection products. The success of a biocontrol agent is dependent on many ecological processes, including the establishment on the host, persistence in the environment, and expression of traits that may be dependent on the microbiome. This review examines recent literature and trends in research that incorporate ecological aspects, especially microbiome, host, and environmental interactions, into biological control development and applications. We explore ecological factors that may influence microbial biocontrol agents’ efficacy and discuss key research avenues forward.

scholarly journals Application of multifunctional compositions based on Rheum rhaponticum L. extracts for the elaboration of plant protection products

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
A. A. Gladcaia
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Rheum Rhaponticum ◽  
Biological Effectiveness

Relevance.Extract-based compositions, combining various types of biological activity were created and tested, to reveal the potential of genus Rheum (Polygonaceae)plants bioactive substances. The aim of the work was to determine the composition of bioactive substances in R. rhaponticum L. plants extracts and assess the possibility of their use as a means of protecting vegetable plants from powdery mildew.Materials and methods. The methods of cultivation and research of R.rhaponticum plant materials was carried out at the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova (2012-2019). The subject of our study the bioactive substances of rhubarb roots and leaves were used. Results.The localization zones of anthracene derivatives were identified: in the main parenchyma of the secondary cortex and the parenchyma of the core rays of the rhubarb root. The amount of flavonoids and phenols in the root extract is 2 times more than in the leaf extract. To study the fungicidal and stimulating properties of rhubarb root extract in the control of powdery mildew, we conducted studies in a greenhouse on vegetable plants using artificial infection of seedlings. It was found that the chlorophyll transmittance index of leaves treated with rhubarb root extract increases until the concentration of the extract (R) reaches 1.5% (157.3 rel. units)(In the control – 119.2 rel. units). With increasing concentration of the extract to 2%, the chlorophyll index falls 1.2 times lower than the control values. The highest immunostimulating and fungicidal activity, intensifying with the addition of rhubarb leaf extract, was shown by rhubarb root extract. Its biological effectiveness was high at any intervals between treatment and infection (4 and 72 hours), and was directly proportional to concentration. Adding rhubarb leaf extract to the rhubarb root extract enhances the activity of the composition, and the risk of developing pesticide resistance among plant pathogens decreased. 

scholarly journals Effect of the Application Date of Fertilizer Containing Silicon and Potassium on the Yield and Technological Quality of Sugar Beet Roots

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Alicja Siuda
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Technological Quality

Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the “field to fork” strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018–2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.

scholarly journals The Role of Source‐sink Dynamics in the Assessment of Risk to Non‐target Arthropods from the Use of Plant Protection Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Lewis ◽  
Axel Dinter ◽  
Charlotte Elston ◽  
Michael Thomas Marx ◽  
Christoph Julian Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Source Sink

Measurements of the dermal exposure to bystanders from direct off‐crop drift during the application of plant protection products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Kuster ◽  
Nicola J. Hewitt ◽  
Clare Butler Ellis ◽  
Christian Timmermann ◽  
Thomas Anft
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Dermal Exposure

scholarly journals The carbon source-dependent pattern of antimicrobial activity and gene expression in Pseudomonas donghuensis P482

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Matuszewska ◽  
Tomasz Maciąg ◽  
Magdalena Rajewska ◽  
Aldona Wierzbicka ◽  
Sylwia Jafra
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPseudomonas donghuensis P482 is a tomato rhizosphere isolate with the ability to inhibit growth of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. Herein, we analysed the impact of the carbon source on the antibacterial activity of P482 and expression of the selected genes of three genomic regions in the P482 genome. These regions are involved in the synthesis of pyoverdine, 7-hydroxytropolone (7-HT) and an unknown compound (“cluster 17”) and are responsible for the antimicrobial activity of P482. We showed that the P482 mutants, defective in these regions, show variations and contrasting patterns of growth inhibition of the target pathogen under given nutritional conditions (with glucose or glycerol as a carbon source). We also selected and validated the reference genes for gene expression studies in P. donghuensis P482. Amongst ten candidate genes, we found gyrB, rpoD and mrdA the most stably expressed. Using selected reference genes in RT-qPCR, we assessed the expression of the genes of interest under minimal medium conditions with glucose or glycerol as carbon sources. Glycerol was shown to negatively affect the expression of genes necessary for 7-HT synthesis. The significance of this finding in the light of the role of nutrient (carbon) availability in biological plant protection is discussed.

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