scholarly journals Mitochondrial Dynamics in Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate the Invasion Activity of Trophoblast

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Seok ◽  
Sujin Jun ◽  
Jung Ok Lee ◽  
Gi Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Ubiquitin Protein Ligase ◽  
Extracellular Flux ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Mitochondrial dynamics are involved in many cellular events, including the proliferation, differentiation, and invasion/migration of normal as well as cancerous cells. Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) were known to regulate the invasion activity of trophoblasts. However, the effects of PD-MSCs on mitochondrial function in trophoblasts are still insufficiently understood. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to analyze the factors related to mitochondrial function and investigate the correlation between trophoblast invasion and mitophagy via PD-MSC cocultivation. We assess invasion ability and mitochondrial function in invasive trophoblasts according to PD-MSC cocultivation by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and extracellular flux (XF) assay. Under PD-MSCs co-cultivation, invasion activity of a trophoblast is increased via activation of the Rho signaling pathway as well as Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Additionally, the expression of mitochondrial function (e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis) in trophoblasts are increased via PD-MSCs co-cultivation. Finally, PD-MSCs regulate mitochondrial autophagy factors in invasive trophoblasts via regulating the balance between PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PARKIN) expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PD-MSCs enhance the invasion ability of trophoblasts via altering mitochondrial dynamics. These results support the fundamental mechanism of trophoblast invasion via mitochondrial function and provide a new stem cell therapy for infertility.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity is Restored in Hibernating Cardiomyocytes Following Co-Culture with Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Cell Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215517901983493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Hocum Stone ◽  
Erin Chappuis ◽  
Maribel Marquez ◽  
Edward O McFalls ◽  
Rosemary F. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Hibernating Myocardium ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory

Hibernating myocardium is a subset of ischemic cardiac disease characterized by viable but dysfunctional tissue. Standard treatment for hibernating myocardium is coronary artery bypass graft, which reduces arrhythmias and improves survival but does not fully restore function, presenting a gap in currently available treatments. Large animal studies of hibernating myocardium have identified impaired mitochondrial dynamics as a root cause of persistent cardiac dysfunction despite surgical revascularization. This study presents a novel in vitro model of hibernating myocardium cardiomyocytes to study active mitochondrial respiration in hibernating myocardium cells, and to test the paracrine effect of mesenchymal stem cells on impaired mitochondrial function. Exposure of cardiomyocytes to hypoxic conditions of 1% oxygen for 24 hours resulted in a phenotype consistent with hibernating myocardium cardiac tissue, including decreased respiratory capacity under high work states, decreased expression of mitochondrial proteins, and preserved cellular viability. Co-culture of hibernating myocardium cardiomyocytes with mesenchymal stem cells restored mitochondrial respiratory function, potentially via an increase in proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha-driven mitochondrial biogenesis. Co-culture treatment of hibernating myocardium cardiomyocytes with mesenchymal stem cells shows improvement in both mitochondrial function and ATP production, both of which are critical for effectively functioning cardiac tissue. These results suggest that mesenchymal stem cell therapy as an adjunct treatment to revascularization may address the current gap in treatment for hibernating myocardium patients.

scholarly journals Application of ECIS to Assess FCCP-Induced Changes of MSC Micromotion and Wound Healing Migration

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Po Chiu ◽  
Yu-Wei Lee ◽  
Ling-Yi Wu ◽  
Tse-Hua Tung ◽  
Sofia Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Extracellular Flux ◽  
Sigmoid Curve ◽  
The Difference

Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is an emerging technique for sensitively monitoring morphological changes of adherent cells in tissue culture. In this study, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were exposed to different concentrations of carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) for 20 h and their subsequent concentration-dependent responses in micromotion and wound healing migration were measured by ECIS. FCCP disrupts ATP synthesis and results in a decrease in cell migration rates. To detect the change of cell micromotion in response to FCCP challenge, time-series resistances of cell-covered electrodes were monitored and the values of variance were calculated to verify the difference. While Seahorse XF-24 extracellular flux analyzer can detect the effect of FCCP at 3 μM concentration, the variance calculation of the time-series resistances measured at 4 kHz can detect the effect of FCCP at concentrations as low as 1 μM. For wound healing migration, the recovery resistance curves were fitted by sigmoid curve and the hill slope showed a concentration-dependent decline from 0.3 μM to 3 μM, indicating a decrease in cell migration rate. Moreover, dose dependent incline of the inflection points from 0.3 μM to 3 μM FCCP implied the increase of the half time for wound recovery migration. Together, our results demonstrate that partial uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reduces micromotion and wound healing migration of hMSCs. The ECIS method used in this study offers a simple and sensitive approach to investigate stem cell migration and its regulation by mitochondrial dynamics.

Mitochondrial Function Determines the Viability and Osteogenic Potency of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Pietilä ◽  
Siri Lehtonen ◽  
Marko Närhi ◽  
Ilmo E. Hassinen ◽  
Hannu-Ville Leskelä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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