scholarly journals Cadmium Stress Reprograms ROS/RNS Homeostasis in Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8375
Author(s):  
Joanna Gajewska ◽  
Nur Afifah Azzahra ◽  
Özgün Ali Bingöl ◽  
Karolina Izbiańska-Jankowska ◽  
Tomasz Jelonek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Protein Pool ◽  
Molecular Assessment ◽  
Rna And Dna

Heavy metal pollution causes many soils to become a toxic environment not only for plants, but also microorganisms; however, little is known how heavy metal contaminated environment affects metabolism of phytopathogens and their capability of infecting host plants. In this study the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the most harmful pathogen of potato, growing under moderate cadmium stress (Cd, 5 mg/L) showed nitro-oxidative imbalance associated with an enhanced antioxidant response. Cadmium notably elevated the level of nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite that stimulated nitrative modifications within the RNA and DNA pools in the phytopathogen structures. In contrast, the protein pool undergoing nitration was diminished confirming that protein tyrosine nitration is a flexible element of the oomycete adaptive strategy to heavy metal stress. Finally, to verify whether Cd is able to modify P. infestans pathogenicity, a disease index and molecular assessment of disease progress were analysed indicating that Cd stress enhanced aggressiveness of vr P. infestans towards various potato cultivars. Taken together, Cd not only affected hyphal growth rate and caused biochemical changes in P. infestans structures, but accelerated the pathogenicity as well. The nitro-oxidative homeostasis imbalance underlies the phytopathogen adaptive strategy and survival in the heavy metal contaminated environment.

scholarly journals NaCl protects against Cd and Cu-induced toxicity in the halophyte Atriplex halimus

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insaf Bankaji ◽  
Noomene Sleimi ◽  
Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas ◽  
Rosa M. Pérez-Clemente
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Atriplex Halimus ◽  
Metallic Trace Elements ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Ion Contents

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the extent of Cd- and Cu-induced oxidative stress and the antioxidant response triggered in the halophyte species Atriplex halimus after metallic trace elements exposure. Plants were treated for one month with Cd2+ or Cu2+ (400 µM) in the absence or presence of 200 mM NaCl in the irrigation solution. The interaction between salinity and heavy metal stress was analyzed in relation to plant growth, tissue ion contents (Na+, K+ and Mg2+), oxidative damage and antioxidative metabolism. Data indicate that shoot and root weight significantly decreased as a consequence of Cd2+- or Cu2+-induced stress. Metallic stress leads to unbalanced nutrient uptake by reducing the translocation of K+ and Mg2+ from the root to the shoot. The levels of malondialdehyde increased in root tissue when Cd, and especially Cu, were added to the irrigation solution, indicating that oxidative damage occurred. Results showed that NaCl gave a partial protection against Cd and Cu induced toxicity, although these contaminants had distinct influence on plant physiology. It can be concluded that salinity drastically modified heavy metal absorption and improved plant growth. Salinity also decreased oxidative damage, but differently in plants exposed to Cd or Cu stress.

Antioxidant response of bamboo (Indocalamus latifolius) as affected by heavy metal stress

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolghassem Emamverdian ◽  
Abolghassem Emamverdian ◽  
Yulong Ding ◽  
Farzad Mokhberdoran ◽  
Yinfeng Xie
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Metal Stress

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of Metal Tolerance Genes in Potato (Solanum Tuberosum): Response to Two Heavy Metal Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Li ◽  
Guandi He ◽  
Weijun Tian ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Lulu Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Zinc Stress

Abstract Metal tolerance proteins play an important role in the transport and tolerance of divalent heavy metals in plant species. Potatoes are an important food crop whose yields can be deeply affected by heavy metals. However, there is a lack of information concerning the members and function of the MTP gene family in Solanum tuberosum. In this study, we identified and screened 11 MTP genes in potatoes which we named as StMTP1 to StMTP11 based on their positions on the chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis divided these 11 MTP genes into three subfamilies; Mn-MTP, Zn-MTP and Zn/Fe-MTP. HXXXD and DXXXD conserved motifs were found on or around the transmembrane domain II and transmembrane domain V of these proteins. The highly conserved histidine and aspartic acid residues may be related to the transport of metal ions. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression levels of StMTP9 and StMTP10 in leaf tissues increased by around 24-fold following cadmium stress for 24 hours. We hypothesize that StMTP9 and StMTP10 respond to cadmium stress. StMTP11 showed the highest level of expression in stem tissues after 6 hours of zinc stress at more than 13 times the level of expression in controls indicating that StMTP11 is more sensitive to zinc stress. In summary, our results further the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulated by members of the MTP gene family in plant responses to heavy metal stress.

scholarly journals Study of Oxidative Stress Indices, Morphological Response, Mineral Absorption in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Under Cadmium Stress and Bioinformatics of HMA Poteins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Kolahi ◽  
Elham Mohajel Kazemi ◽  
Milad Yazdi ◽  
Andrea Goldson-Barnaby
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Integral Role

Abstract Cicer arietinum L. (chickpeas) is a widely consumed legume that is impacted by heavy metal contaminants such as cadmium. Cadmium is a chemical hazard and can severely impact the morphological and physiological features of the plant. C. arietinum L. were exposed to cadmium and its impact on plant growth and antioxidant enzyme activity evaluated. Bioinformatic studies were performed to further understand the mechanism by which the plant combats heavy metal stress. Observed morphological changes included stunted growth, poor root development and yellowing of the plant. The study also revealed that increased cadmium resulted in a decline in mineral transportation to aerial regions of the plant. Antioxidative enzyme activity (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) increased in the leaves suggesting that these enzymes play an integral role in combatting heavy metal contamination. These research showed chickpea has a relatively high adsorption capacity for cadmium in aerial tissues. Special precautions should therefore be taken in the cultivation of chickpea. Increasing the levels of cadmium in the medium resulted in a decline in zinc, copper and manganese in the aerial parts of chickpea seedlings. There appears to be a competitive mechanism for mineral uptake in plants. HMAs play an important role in the transport of metals in plants and provide resistance to the uptake and transportation of metals. In silico analysis led to the identification of 13 Heavy Metal ATPases (HMAs). These proteins contain 130 to 1032 amino acids with 3 to 18 exons and assist in heavy metal detoxification.

scholarly journals Cdc48 cofactor Shp1 regulates signal-induced SCFMet30disassembly

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (35) ◽  
pp. 21319-21327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Lauinger ◽  
Karin Flick ◽  
James L. Yen ◽  
Radhika Mathur ◽  
Peter Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Aaa Atpase ◽  
Selective Disassembly ◽  
As Stress ◽  
F Box Protein

Organisms can adapt to a broad spectrum of sudden and dramatic changes in their environment. These abrupt changes are often perceived as stress and trigger responses that facilitate survival and eventual adaptation. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is involved in most cellular processes. Unsurprisingly, components of the UPS also play crucial roles during various stress response programs. The budding yeast SCFMet30complex is an essential cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase that connects metabolic and heavy metal stress to cell cycle regulation. Cadmium exposure results in the active dissociation of the F-box protein Met30 from the core ligase, leading to SCFMet30inactivation. Consequently, SCFMet30substrate ubiquitylation is blocked and triggers a downstream cascade to activate a specific transcriptional stress response program. Signal-induced dissociation is initiated by autoubiquitylation of Met30 and serves as a recruitment signal for the AAA-ATPase Cdc48/p97, which actively disassembles the complex. Here we show that the UBX cofactor Shp1/p47 is an additional key element for SCFMet30disassembly during heavy metal stress. Although the cofactor can directly interact with the ATPase, Cdc48 and Shp1 are recruited independently to SCFMet30during cadmium stress. An intact UBX domain is crucial for effective SCFMet30disassembly, and a concentration threshold of Shp1 recruited to SCFMet30needs to be exceeded to initiate Met30 dissociation. The latter is likely related to Shp1-mediated control of Cdc48 ATPase activity. This study identifies Shp1 as the crucial Cdc48 cofactor for signal-induced selective disassembly of a multisubunit protein complex to modulate activity.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Potential Agents in Ameliorating Heavy Metal Stress in Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Dhalaria ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Harsh Kumar ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
Kamil Kuča ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Metal Stress

Heavy metal accumulation in plants is a severe environmental problem, rising at an expeditious rate. Heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, mercury and lead are known environmental pollutants that exert noxious effects on the morpho-physiological and biological attributes of a plant. Due to their mobile nature, they have become an extended part of the food chain and affect human health. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ameliorate metal toxicity as they intensify the plant’s ability to tolerate metal stress. Mycorrhizal fungi have vesicles, which are analogous to fungal vacuoles and accumulate massive amount of heavy metals in them. With the help of a pervasive hyphal network, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi help in the uptake of water and nutrients, thereby abating the use of chemical fertilizers on the plants. They also promote resistance parameters in the plants, secrete a glycoprotein named glomalin that reduces the metal uptake in plants by forming glycoprotein–metal complexes, and improve the quality of the soil. They also assist plants in phytoremediation by increasing the absorptive area, increase the antioxidant response, chelate heavy metals and stimulate genes for protein synthesis that reduce the damage caused by free radicals. The current manuscript focuses on the uptake of heavy metals, accumulation, and arbuscular mycorrhizal impact in ameliorating heavy metal stress in plants.

scholarly journals Effects of Wood Vinegar and Bio char on Germination of Pakchoi Seeds under Different Cadmium Stress Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-281
Author(s):  
YongChol Ju ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Chol Jong ◽  
TaeHo Yun ◽  
IINam Ri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Mixed Treatment ◽  
Metal Treatment ◽  
Cadmium Contaminated Soil

Wood vinegar is widely used as a strong antioxidant, bacteria prevention, plant growth agent, an insecticide, and its effectiveness is shown in heavy metal treatment at this time.Wood vinegar liquid contains organic acids and phenols, which are effective in adsorbing heavy metals. Although a lot of studies have been conducted on the adsorption of heavy metals from biochar, the effect of mixing biochar and wood vinegar liquid on plant budding, and soil heavy metal morphology changes few studies have been analyzed. This paper analyzes the effects of Wood vinegar and biochar on the sprouting of pakchoi grown in different threats of cadmium from the nature of Wood vinegar. As a result, it was confirmed that the optimum concentration of the applied fertilizer wood vinegar that lowers the plant effectiveness of Cadmium was 1.0%. The fresh weight of pakchoi changed significantly in the order of biochar + wood vinegar 1.0% mixing> biochar> control. When 5.0% Biochar was mixed with 1.0% wood vinegar, the immobilization effect of the residual state and the carbonate bound cadmium in the soil was the highest. The combined application of wood vinegar and biochar promotes the germination of pakchoi, and has a significant inactivation effect on cadmium-contaminated soil; the results of analyzing the effectiveness of the mixing of wood vinegar and biochar and separate fertilization for each soil index show that, Compared to before sowing the pH ratio of the mixed treatment of biochar + wood vinegar is higher than that of the single treatment zone, which is as high as between 6.6-6.8, the EC is reduced to 2-59mS/cm width, and the CEC is increased by 0.27-2.21 times. It shows that under heavy metal stress, the mixed treatment of biochar+wood vinegar solution 1.0% is more effective than the treatment of biochar alone and the control.

scholarly journals Antioxidants enzyme activity in Brassica oleracea var. acephala under cadmium stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kanita Šabanović ◽  
Ahmet Yildirim ◽  
Jasmin Šutković
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Antioxidants Enzymes ◽  
Hybrid Variety

When a plant is under heavy metals stress, it has different mechanism of coping with it. Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) is a plant that has an ability of heavy metal accumulation and removal of heavy metals from the ground. The plants were  exposed to 50, 100, 200, and 500 μM of CdCl2 for 5days, in controlled in vitro conditions. Root length was measured to confirm the Cd effect on plant growth. There are five key antioxidants enzymes responsible for the regulation of heavy metals stress: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Peroxidase (POD) and Polyphenol oxidase (PPO). All enzymes showed significant activity, especially triggered by 500 μM CdCl2 in both varieties. The domestic sorts seem more resistant if compared to hybrid variety, showing significant lower expression of antioxidants enzymes at higher concentrations.  In general, significant percentage of enzymes is more expressed in the hybrid Italian sort, Nero di Toscana, indicating the ability of domestic sorts to be more resistant to heavy metal stress.

scholarly journals Cdc48 Cofactor Shp1 Regulates Signal-Induced SCFMet30 Disassembly

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Lauinger ◽  
Karin Flick ◽  
James L. Yen ◽  
Radhika Mathur ◽  
Peter Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Aaa Atpase ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
F Box Protein

AbstractOrganisms can adapt to a broad spectrum of sudden and dramatic changes in their environment. These abrupt changes are often perceived as stress and trigger responses that facilitate survival and eventual adaptation. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is involved in most cellular processes. Unsurprisingly, components of the UPS also play crucial roles during various stress response programs. The budding yeast SCFMet30 complex is an essential Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase that connects metabolic and heavy metal stress to cell cycle regulation. Cadmium exposure results in the active dissociation of the F-box protein Met30 from the core ligase leading to SCFMet30 inactivation. Consequently, SCFMet30 substrate ubiquitylation is blocked and triggers a downstream cascade to activate a specific transcriptional stress response program. Signal-induced dissociation is initiated by autoubiquitylation of Met30 and serves as a recruitment signal for the AAA-ATPase Cdc48/p97, which actively disassembles the complex. Here we show that the UBX cofactor Shp1/p47 is an additional key element for SCFMet30 disassembly during heavy metal stress. Although the cofactor can directly interact with the ATPase, Cdc48 and Shp1 are recruited independently to SCFMet30 during cadmium stress. An intact UBX domain is crucial for effective SCFMet30 disassembly, and a concentration threshold of Shp1 recruited to SCFMet30 needs to be exceeded to initiate Met30 dissociation. The latter is likely related to Shp1-mediated control of Cdc48 ATPase activity. This study identifies Shp1 as the crucial Cdc48 cofactor for signal-induced, selective disassembly of a multi-subunit protein complex to modulate activity.Significance StatementUbiquitylation affects many important cellular processes, and has been linked to a number of human diseases. It has become a synonym for protein degradation, but ubiquitylation also has important non-proteolytic signaling functions. Understanding the molecular concepts that govern ubiquitin signaling is of great importance for development of diagnostics and therapeutics. The cadmium-induced inactivation of the SCFMet30 ubiquitin ligase via the disassembly of the multi-subunit ligase complex, illustrates an example for non-proteolytic signaling pathways. Dissociation is triggered by autoubiquitylation of the F-box protein Met30, which is the recruiting signal for the highly conserved AAA-ATPase Cdc48/p97. Here we show that the UBX cofactor Shp1/p47 is important for this ubiquitin-dependent, active remodeling of a multi-protein complex in response to a specific environmental signal.

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