scholarly journals Integrated Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome of Cecropia obtusifolia: A Plant with High Chlorogenic Acid Content Traditionally Used to Treat Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Jorge David Cadena-Zamudio ◽  
Pilar Nicasio-Torres ◽  
Juan Luis Monribot-Villanueva ◽  
José Antonio Guerrero-Analco ◽  
Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Cecropia Obtusifolia ◽  
Key Enzyme

This investigation cultured Cecropia obtusifolia cells in suspension to evaluate the effect of nitrate deficiency on the growth and production of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a secondary metabolite with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity that acts directly on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Using cell cultures in suspension, a kinetics time course was established with six time points and four total nitrate concentrations. The metabolites of interest were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the metabolome was analyzed using directed and nondirected approaches. Finally, using RNA-seq methodology, the first transcript collection for C. obtusifolia was generated. HPLC analysis detected CGA at all sampling points, while metabolomic analysis confirmed the identity of CGA and of precursors involved in its biosynthesis. Transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes and enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of CGA. C. obtusifolia probably expresses a key enzyme with bifunctional activity, the hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT/HCT), which recognizes shikimic acid or quinic acid as a substrate and incorporates either into one of the two routes responsible for CGA biosynthesis.

scholarly journals International guidelines on the study of glycated hemoglobin HbA1c level as a diagnostic criterion for diabetes mellitus and otherdisorders of carbohydrate metabolism

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Gagik Radikovich Galstyan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The World ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is rising at an epidemic scale throughout the world. Up to a certain moment, DM2 develops as a latent pathology which accounts for its late diagnosis and onset of therapy. Hence, the high frequency of vascular complications, early disablement and mortality. Therefore, the improvement of screening studies is of primary importance for the detection of metabolic disorders. At present, HbA1c determination is the most informative and cost-effective tool for the purpose. The choice of the method for measuring HbA1c is a paramount consideration. It must be standardized against a reference technique (high performance liquid chromatography) in conformity with the results of DCCT and UKPDS studies

scholarly journals Suppression of behavioral activity and hippocampal noradrenaline caused by surgical stress in type 2 diabetes model mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momoka Nishimura ◽  
Yuki Nomura ◽  
Moritoki Egi ◽  
Norihiko Obata ◽  
Makoto Tsunoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Neuropsychological Dysfunction ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Background: There has been much discussion recently about the occurrence of neuropsychological complications during the perioperative period. Diabetes is known to be one of the metabolic risk factors. Although the number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) has been increasing, the pathophysiology of postoperative neuropsychological dysfunction in DM patients is still unclear. Recently, a deficiency of neurotransmitters, such as monoamines, was reported to be associated with mental disorders. Therefore, we investigated the effects of surgical stress on behavioral activity and hippocampal noradrenaline (NA) level in type 2 diabetes mellitus model (T2DM) mice. Methods: Eighty-four 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups (non-diabetes, non-diabetes with surgery, T2DM, and T2DM with surgery groups). T2DM mice were established by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. At 14 weeks of age, fifteen mice in each group underwent a series of behavioral tests including an open field (OF) test, a novel object recognition (NOR) test and a light-dark (LD) test. In the surgery groups, open abdominal surgery with manipulation of the intestine was performed 24 hours before the behavioral tests as a surgical stress. Hippocampal noradrenaline (NA) concentration was examined in six mice in each group by high-performance liquid chromatography. The data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test, and p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The T2DM group showed significantly increased explorative activity in the NOR test (P = 0.0016) and significantly increased frequency of transition in the LD test (P = 0.043) compared with those in the non-diabetic group before surgery. In T2DM mice, surgical stress resulted in decreased total distance in the OF test, decreased explorative activity in the NOR test, and decreased frequency of transition in the LD test (OF: P = 0.015, NOR: P = 0.009, LD: P = 0.007) and decreased hippocampal NA (P = 0.015), but such differences were not observed in the non-diabetic mice. Conclusions: Mice with T2DM induced by feeding an HFD showed increased behavioral activities, and surgical stress in T2DM mice caused postoperative hypoactivity and reduction of the hippocampal NA level.

scholarly journals NPH insulin. Effective mixing - effective dose regimen

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
T V Nikonova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Nph Insulin ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Attending Physician

Insulin therapy, a corner stone of the treatment of diabetes mellitus, both type 1 and type 2, has undergone substantial modification since the manufacture of the first insulin preparations 90 years ago up to the present time. Human insulins, such as neutral protamin Hagedorn (NPH) insulins, remain a major instrument of therapy of diabetes mellitus despite rapid developments in this field of knowledge and the wide availability of insulin analogs. When prescribing these preparations, the attending physician should be absolutely confident that the patient has a minimum background of knowledge and skills indispensable for efficacious and safe treatment. Such skills include the habit of mixing NPH insulin suspensions by 20-fold turning the vial or the cartridge upside-down or rolling them between the palms in order to ensure the uniform distribution of insulin in the suspension and its accurate dosing. The manufactures place from one to three glass or metal bullets inside the vials and cartridges for more homogeneous mixing of their contents. P. Kaiser et al. undertook the study of several pharmaceutical forms of NPH insulin manufactured by different companies to estimate the accuracy of dosing (variability of the insulin dose depending on the number of turns of the cartridge for homogeneous mixing). The insulin concentration in a single dose was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Marked variability of the insulin dose after less than ten (three or six) turns was documented for all cartridges with the exception of Insuman Basal insulin cartridges ("Sanofi"). It may be expected that the accuracy of dosing will not deteriorate using these cartridges owing to the presence in them of three heavy metal bullets even if the patient does not perform the necessary mixing procedure for one or another reason.

Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Exenatide Once Weekly in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Integrated Analysis of the DURATION Trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Grimm ◽  
Jenny Han ◽  
Carole Weaver ◽  
Pete Griffin ◽  
Christine T. Schulteis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Integrated Analysis

Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Relation to the Time Course of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Fasting Blood Glucose

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (12) ◽  
pp. 1881-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seokhun Yang ◽  
Eue-Keun Choi ◽  
Kyung-Do Han ◽  
Soonil Kwon ◽  
Seo-Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose

scholarly journals Integrated Analysis of the Mechanisms of Da-Chai-Hu Decoction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by a Network Pharmacology Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beida Ren ◽  
Ling Tan ◽  
Yiliang Xiong ◽  
Wenting Ji ◽  
Jie Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Active Components

Background. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased year by year, which not only seriously affects people’s quality of life, but also imposes a heavy economic burden on the family, society, and country. Currently, the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of T2DM are still unclear. Therefore, exploration of a precise multitarget treatment strategy is urgent. Here, we attempt to screen out the active components, effective targets, and functional pathways of therapeutic drugs through network pharmacology with taking advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for multitarget holistic treatment of diseases to clarify the potential therapeutic mechanism of TCM formulas and provide a systematic and clear thought for T2DM treatment. Methods. First, we screened the active components of Da-Chai-Hu Decoction (DCHD) by absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) calculation. Second, we predicted and screened the active components of DCHD and its therapeutic targets for T2DM relying on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Analysis Platform (TCMSP database) and Text Mining Tool (GoPubMed database), while using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to obtain T2DM targets. Third, we constructed a network of the active component-target, target-pathway of DCHD using Cytoscape software (http://cytoscape.org/,ver.3.5.1) and then analyzed gene function, related biological processes, and signal pathways through the DAVID database. Results. We screened 77 active components from 1278 DCHD components and 116 effective targets from 253 ones. After matching the targets of T2DM, we obtained 38 important targets and 7 core targets were selected through further analysis. Through enrichment analysis, we found that these important targets were mainly involved in many biological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis. After analyzing the relevant pathways, the synthetic pathway for the treatment of T2DM was obtained, which provided a diagnosis-treatment idea for DCHD in the treatment of T2DM. Conclusions. This article reveals the mechanism of DCHD in the treatment of T2DM related to inflammatory response and apoptosis through network pharmacology, which lays a foundation for further elucidation of drugs effective targets.

AROMATIC METABOLISM IN PLANTS: V. THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF CHLOROGENIC ACID AND LIGNIN IN POTATO CELL CULTURES

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1451-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluf L. Gamborg
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Klason Lignin ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Insoluble Material ◽  
Potato Cell

Studies were made on the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid and on lignin formation in potato cells from suspension cultures. The cells were incubated with14C-labelled compounds, and the degree of incorporation into chlorogenic acid and into lignin were measured. Shikimic acid and quinic acid were not readily absorbed by the cells, whereas cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid were absorbed very quickly. The results show that quinic acid and caffeic acid can serve as direct precursors of chlorogenic acid in the cells. A large proportion of the14C from the aromatic compounds was incorporated into the alcohol-insoluble fraction, and was associated with a Klason lignin. The lignin aldehydes obtained after nitrobenzene oxidation of the alcohol-insoluble material consisted of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and trace amounts of syringaldehyde.

scholarly journals Metabolic Benefits of Six-month Thiamine Supplementation in Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. CMED.S13573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Al-Attas ◽  
Nasser Al-Daghri ◽  
Majed Alokail ◽  
Sherif Abd-Alrahman ◽  
Benjamin Vinodson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Thiamine deficiency has been documented to be prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus, and correction of thiamine deficiency in this population may provide beneficial effects in several cardiometabolic parameters, including prevention of impending complications secondary to chronic hyperglycemia. In this interventional study, we aim to determine whether thiamine supplementation is associated with cardiometabolic improvements in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). A total of 86 subjects (60 DMT2 and 26 age- and BMI-matched controls) were included and were given thiamine supplements (100 mg/day) for six months. Anthropometrics and metabolic profiles were measured routinely. Serum thiamine and its derivatives were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. In all groups, there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol after three months ( p = 0.03) as well as in HDL cholesterol after six months of thiamine supplementation ( p = 0.009). Significant improvements were also observed in the mean serum levels of creatinine ( p = 0.001), as well as thiamine and its derivatives in both serum and urinary levels across follow-up visits ( p-values 0.002 and <0.001, respectively). In the DMT2 group, improvements were observed in lipid profile (mean serum LDL and total cholesterol with ^-values 0.008 and 0.006, respectively), serum thiamine ( p < 0.001), TMP ( p < 0.001), TDP ( p < 0.001), urinary thiamine ( p < 0.001) and serum creatinine ( p < 0.001). Thiamine supplementation is a promising adjuvant therapy for patients with DMT2. Longer clinical trials are needed to determine its protective effect in DMT2 complications.

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