scholarly journals Functioning of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Response to Drought Stress in Oat × Maize Addition Lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6958
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Juzoń ◽  
Dominika Idziak-Helmcke ◽  
Magdalena Rojek-Jelonek ◽  
Tomasz Warzecha ◽  
Marzena Warchoł ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
C4 Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
C3 And C4 Plants ◽  
Maize Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Susceptibility

The oat × maize chromosome addition (OMA) lines, as hybrids between C3 and C4 plants, can potentially help us understand the process of C4 photosynthesis. However, photosynthesis is often affected by adverse environmental conditions, including drought stress. Therefore, to assess the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus in OMA lines under drought stress, the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a fluorescence (CF) parameters were investigated. With optimal hydration, most of the tested OMA lines, compared to oat cv. Bingo, showed higher pigment content, and some of them were characterized by increased values of selected CF parameters. Although 14 days of drought caused a decrease of chlorophylls and carotenoids, only slight changes in CF parameters were observed, which can indicate proper photosynthetic efficiency in most of examined OMA lines compared to oat cv. Bingo. The obtained data revealed that expected changes in hybrid functioning depend more on the specific maize chromosome and its interaction with the oat genome rather than the number of retained chromosomes. OMA lines not only constitute a powerful tool for maize genomics but also are a source of valuable variation in plant breeding, and can help us to understand plant susceptibility to drought. Our research confirms more efficient functioning of hybrid photosynthetic apparatus than oat cv. Bingo, therefore contributes to raising new questions in the fields of plant physiology and biochemistry. Due to the fact that the oat genome is not fully sequenced yet, the mechanism of enhanced photosynthetic efficiency in OMA lines requires further research.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Maize Chromosome 9 Radiation Hybrids Derived From an Oat-Maize Addition Line

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Riera-Lizarazu ◽  
M I Vales ◽  
E V Ananiev ◽  
H W Rines ◽  
R L Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Hybrid ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Maize Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Radiation Hybrids ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines

Abstract In maize (Zea mays L., 2n = 2x = 20), map-based cloning and genome organization studies are often complicated because of the complexity of the genome. Maize chromosome addition lines of hexaploid cultivated oat (Avena sativa L., 2n = 6x = 42), where maize chromosomes can be individually manipulated, represent unique materials for maize genome analysis. Maize chromosome addition lines are particularly suitable for the dissection of a single maize chromosome using radiation because cultivated oat is an allohexaploid in which multiple copies of the oat basic genome provide buffering to chromosomal aberrations and other mutations. Irradiation (gamma rays at 30, 40, and 50 krad) of a monosomic maize chromosome 9 addition line produced maize chromosome 9 radiation hybrids (M9RHs)—oat lines possessing different fragments of maize chromosome 9 including intergenomic translocations and modified maize addition chromosomes with internal and terminal deletions. M9RHs with 1 to 10 radiation-induced breaks per chromosome were identified. We estimated that a panel of 100 informative M9RHs (with an average of 3 breaks per chromosome) would allow mapping at the 0.5- to 1.0-Mb level of resolution. Because mapping with maize chromosome addition lines and radiation hybrid derivatives involves assays for the presence or absence of a given marker, monomorphic markers can be quickly and efficiently mapped to a chromosome region. Radiation hybrid derivatives also represent sources of region-specific DNA for cloning of genes or DNA markers.

scholarly journals Biofertilizers as Strategies to Improve Photosynthetic Apparatus, Growth, and Drought Stress Tolerance in the Date Palm

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Anli ◽  
Marouane Baslam ◽  
Abdelilah Tahiri ◽  
Anas Raklami ◽  
Sarah Symanczik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance

scholarly journals Research Progress and Perspective on Drought Stress in Legumes: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Jiajia Li ◽  
Muhammad Yahya ◽  
Alam Sher ◽  
Chuanxi Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
The Impact

Climate change, food shortage, water scarcity, and population growth are some of the threatening challenges being faced in today’s world. Drought stress (DS) poses a constant challenge for agricultural crops and has been considered a severe constraint for global agricultural productivity; its intensity and severity are predicted to increase in the near future. Legumes demonstrate high sensitivity to DS, especially at vegetative and reproductive stages. They are mostly grown in the dry areas and are moderately drought tolerant, but severe DS leads to remarkable production losses. The most prominent effects of DS are reduced germination, stunted growth, serious damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, decrease in net photosynthesis, and a reduction in nutrient uptake. To curb the catastrophic effect of DS in legumes, it is imperative to understand its effects, mechanisms, and the agronomic and genetic basis of drought for sustainable management. This review highlights the impact of DS on legumes, mechanisms, and proposes appropriate management approaches to alleviate the severity of water stress. In our discussion, we outline the influence of water stress on physiological aspects (such as germination, photosynthesis, water and nutrient uptake), growth parameters and yield. Additionally, mechanisms, various management strategies, for instance, agronomic practices (planting time and geometry, nutrient management), plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), functional genomics and advanced strategies (CRISPR-Cas9) are also critically discussed. We propose that the integration of several approaches such as agronomic and biotechnological strategies as well as advanced genome editing tools is needed to develop drought-tolerant legume cultivars.

Flow cytometric sorting of maize chromosome 9 from an oat-maize chromosome addition line

2001 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Li ◽  
K. Arumuganathan ◽  
H. W. Rines ◽  
R. L. Phillips ◽  
O. Riera-Lizarazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Maize Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Flow Cytometric Sorting ◽  
Chromosome Addition Line

A maize chromosome 3 addition line of oat exhibits expression of the maize homeobox gene liguleless3 and alteration of cell fates

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Muehlbauer ◽  
O Riera-Lizarazu ◽  
R G Kynast ◽  
D Martin ◽  
R L Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Maize Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines

Maize chromosome addition lines of oat offer the opportunity to study maize gene expression in oat and the resulting phenotypes. Morphological examination of a maize chromosome 3 addition line of oat showed that this line exhibited several morphological abnormalities including a blade-to-sheath transformation at the midrib region of the leaf, a hook-shaped panicle, and abnormal outgrowth of aerial axillary buds. Dominant mutations in the maize liguleless3 (lg3) homeobox gene result in a blade (distal)-to-sheath (proximal) transformation at the midrib region of the leaf. Ectopic expression of the dominant mutant Lg3 allele is believed to cause the phenotype. Therefore, we suspected that the maize lg3 gene, which is located on maize chromosome 3, was involved in the phenotypes observed in the maize chromosome 3 addition line of oat. Genetic analyses of an oat BC1F2 family segregating for maize chromosome 3 showed that the presence of a stable maize chromosome 3 was required for the expression of these cell fate abnormalities. RNA expression analysis of leaf sheath tissue from oat plants carrying maize chromosome 3 demonstrated that maize LG3 transcripts accumulated in oat, indicating that this expression is associated with the blade-to-sheath transformation, hook-shaped panicle and outgrowth of aerial axillary bud phenotypes. Our results demonstrate that the maize chromosome addition lines of oat are useful genetic stocks to study expression of maize genes in oat.Key words: liguleless3, homeobox, oat-maize addition line.

Effect of long-term drought stress on leaf gas exchange and fluorescence parameters in C3 and C4 plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Hura ◽  
Katarzyna Hura ◽  
Maciej Grzesiak ◽  
Andrzej Rzepka
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
C4 Plants ◽  
C3 And C4 Plants ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Melatonin Improves Drought Tolerance in Coffee by Regulating Photosynthetic Efficiency and Oxidative Damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Sylvia Cherono ◽  
Charmaine Ntini ◽  
Misganaw Wassie ◽  
Mohammad Dulal Mollah ◽  
Mohammad A. Belal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Chlorophyll Degradation ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Exogenous Application

The protective role of melatonin in plants under abiotic stress has been reported, but little information is available on its mitigation effect on coffee (Coffea arabica) plants. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous application of 100 µM melatonin in coffee leaves under 3 months of drought stress treatment. Melatonin was found to alleviate the drought-induced damage in coffee through reducing the rate of chlorophyll degradation, electrolyte leakage, malonaldehyde content, and activating various antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Melatonin application suppressed the expression of chlorophyll degradation gene PAO encoding pheophorbide a oxygenase, and upregulated the expression of photosynthetic gene RBCS2 encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate oxygenase (Rubisco) protein, and a drought-related gene AREB encoding abscisic acid-responsive element binding protein. The photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II under dark adaptation was also improved upon melatonin application in drought-stressed plants. Our results showed that both foliar spray and direct soil application of melatonin could improve drought tolerance by regulating photosynthetic efficiency and oxidative damage in C. arabica seedlings. This study provides insights in application of melatonin as a protective agent against drought stress in improvement of crop yields.

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