scholarly journals Lasso Peptide Microcin J25 Effectively Enhances Gut Barrier Function and Modulates Inflammatory Response in an Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Challenged Mouse Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuliang Ding ◽  
Haitao Yu ◽  
Shiyan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lasso Peptide ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Microcin J25 ◽  
Etec Infection

Bacterial resistance leads to severe public health and safety issues worldwide. Alternatives to antibiotics are currently needed. A promising lasso peptide, microcin J25 (MccJ25), is considered to be the best potential substitute for antibiotics to treat pathogen infection, including enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). This study evaluated the efficacy of MccJ25 in the prevention of ETEC infection. Forty-five female BALB/c mice of clean grade (aged seven weeks, approximately 16.15 g) were randomly divided into three experimental groups as follows: (i) control group (uninfected); (ii) ETEC infection group; (iii) MccJ25 + ETEC group. Fifteen mice per group in five cages, three mice/cage. MccJ25 conferred effective protection against ETEC-induced body weight loss, decrease in rectal temperature and increase in diarrhea scores in mice. Moreover, in ETEC-challenged mice model, MccJ25 significantly improved intestinal morphology, decreased intestinal histopathological scores and attenuated intestinal inflammation by decreasing proinflammatory cytokines and intestinal permeability, including reducing serum diamine oxidase and D-lactate levels. MccJ25 enhanced epithelial barrier function by increasing occludin expression in the colon and claudin-1 expression in the jejunum, ultimately improving intestinal health of host. MccJ25 was further found to alleviate gut inflammatory responses by decreasing inflammatory cytokine production and expression via the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor κB signaling pathways. Taken together, the results indicated that MccJ25 protects against ETEC-induced intestinal injury and intestinal inflammatory responses, suggesting the potential application of MccJ25 as an excellent antimicrobial or anti-inflammation agent against pathogen infections.

scholarly journals Bacillus Licheniformis PF9 Improves Barrier Function and Alleviates Inflammatory Responses Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli F4 Infection in the Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Li ◽  
Yanhong Chen ◽  
Changning Yu ◽  
Paula Azevedo ◽  
Joshua Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Inflammation Cytokines

Abstract Background: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 commonly colonizes the small intestine and releases enterotoxins that impair the intestinal barrier function and trigger inflammatory responses. Although Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) has been reported to enhance intestinal health, it remains to be seen whether there is a functional role of B. licheniformis in intestinal inflammatory response in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) when stimulated with ETEC F4.Methods: In the present study, the effects of B. licheniformis PF9 on the release of pro-inflammation cytokines, cell integrity and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation were evaluated in ETEC F4-induced IPEC-J2 cells.Results: B. licheniformis PF9 treatment was capable of remarkably attenuating the expression levels of inflammation cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-6 during ETEC F4 infection. Furthermore, the gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated upstream related genes of NF-κB signaling pathway has been significantly inhibited. These changes were accompanied by a significant decreased phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB during ETEC F4 infection with B. licheniformis PF9 treatment. The immunofluorescence and western blot analysis revealed that B. licheniformis PF9 increased the expression levels of zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) and occludin (OCLN) in ETEC F4-infected IPEC-J2 cells. Meanwhile, the B. licheniformis PF9 could alleviate the epithelial barrier function assessed by the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and cell permeability assay. Interestingly, B. licheniformis PF9 protect IPEC-J2 cells against ETEC F4 infection by decreasing the gene expressions of virulence-related factors (including luxS, estA, estB, and elt) in ETEC F4.Conclusions: Collectively, our results suggest that B. licheniformis PF9 might reduce inflammation-related cytokines through blocking the NF-κB signaling pathways. Besides, B. licheniformis PF9 displayed a significant role in the enhancement of IPEC-J2 cell integrity.

scholarly journals Effect of Puerarin, Baicalin and Berberine Hydrochloride on the Regulation of IPEC-J2 Cells Infected with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxi Liu ◽  
Fenghua Liu ◽  
Yunfei Ma ◽  
Huanrong Li ◽  
Xianghong Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Berberine Hydrochloride ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Etec Infection

Puerarin, baicalin and berberine hydrochloride are the main components of Gegen Qinlian Decoction, which has been used to treat diarrhoea in China for hundreds of years, yet the biological function and molecular mechanism of these components are not clear. To investigate the effects of puerarin, baicalin, and berberine hydrochloride on the regulation of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells) infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). IPEC-J2 cells were pretreated with puerarin (200 μg/mL), baicalin (1 μg/mL), and berberine hydrochloride (100 μg/mL) at 37°C for 3 h and then coincubated with the F4ac ETEC bacterial strain 200 at 37°C for 3 h. ETEC infection damaged the structure of IPEC-J2 cells, upregulated mucin 4 (P < 0.01) and mucin 13 mRNA (P < 0.05) expression, increased the apoptosis rate (P < 0.05), and promoted inflammatory responses (IL-6 and CXCL-2 mRNA expression) in IPEC-J2 cells by activating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Pretreatment with puerarin, baicalin, and berberine hydrochloride improved the structure and morphology of IPEC-J2 cells and inhibited ETEC adhesion by downregulating specific adhesion molecules. Pretreatment with baicalin decreased the inflammatory response; pretreatment with baicalin and berberine hydrochloride decreased the inflammatory response mediated by the NF-κB signaling pathway. Pretreatment with puerarin, baicalin, and berberine hydrochloride protected IPEC-J2 cells from ETEC infection by inhibiting bacterial adhesion and inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Effects of a microencapsulated formula of organic acids and essential oils on nutrient absorption, immunity, gut barrier function, and abundance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 in weaned piglets challenged with E. coli F4

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janghan Choi ◽  
Lucy Wang ◽  
Shangxi Liu ◽  
Peng Lu ◽  
Xiaoya Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Abstract The objective was to study the effects of microencapsulated organic acids (OA) and essential oils (EO) on growth performance, immune system, gut barrier function, nutrient digestion and absorption, and abundance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 (ETEC F4) in the weaned piglets challenged with ETEC F4. Twenty-four ETEC F4 susceptible weaned piglets were randomly distributed to 4 treatments including (1) sham-challenged control (SSC; piglets fed a control diet and challenged with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)); (2) challenged control (CC; piglets fed a control diet and challenged with ETEC F4); (3) antibiotic growth promoters (AGP; CC + 55 mg·kg–1 of Aureomycin); and (4) microencapsulated OA and EO [P(OA+EO); (CC + 2 g·kg−1 of microencapsulated OA and EO]. The ETEC F4 infection significantly induced diarrhea at 8, 28, 34, and 40 hr postinoculation (hpi) (P &lt; 0.05) in the CC piglets. At 28 d postinoculation (dpi), piglets fed P(OA+EO) had a lower (P &lt; 0.05) diarrhea score compared with those fed CC, but the P(OA+EO) piglets had a lower (P &lt; 0.05) diarrhea score compared with those fed the AGP diets at 40 dpi. The ETEC F4 infection tended to increase in vivo gut permeability measured by the oral gavaging fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 70 kDa (FITC-D70) assay in the CC piglets compared with the SCC piglets (P = 0.09). The AGP piglets had higher FITC-D70 flux than P(OA+EO) piglets (P &lt; 0.05). The ETEC F4 infection decreased mid-jejunal VH in the CC piglets compared with the SCC piglets (P &lt; 0.05). The P(OA+EO) piglets had higher (P &lt; 0.05) VH in the mid-jejunum than the CC piglets. The relative mRNA abundance of Na+-glucose cotransporter and B0AT1 was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) by ETEC F4 inoculation when compared with the SCC piglets. The AGP piglets had a greater relative mRNA abundance of B0AT1 than the CC piglets (P &lt; 0.05). The ETEC F4 inoculation increased the protein abundance of OCLN (P &lt; 0.05), and the AGP piglets had the lowest relative protein abundance of OCLN among the challenged groups (P &lt; 0.05). The supplementation of microencapsulated OA and EO enhanced intestinal morphology and showed anti-diarrhea effects in weaned piglets challenged with ETEC F4. Even if more future studies can be required for further validation, this study brings evidence that microencapsulated OA and EO combination can be useful within the tools to be implemented in strategies for alternatives to antibiotics in swine production.

scholarly journals Chitosan Modulates Inflammatory Responses in Rats Infected with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Guiping Guan ◽  
Jun Tan ◽  
Naif A. Al-Dhabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
E Coli

This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan (COS) on gastrointestinal pathogen resistance in mice model. For two weeks, a control group of ICR mice received a basal diet whilst the intervention group received the basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg COS. After two weeks, the mice fed the supplemented diet had a lower body weight. Then enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) was administered to the mice through oral gavage, with each mouse receiving 108 CFU. At day 7 after infection, the bacterial load in the jejunum and faeces was significantly lower in the COS group than that in the control group. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, and TNF-α were significantly lower in the group of mice receiving the COS diet; also the jejunal production of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) was suppressed in the COS group. These results indicate the intervention influenced inflammation and controlled E. coli infection.

scholarly journals Tannins extract from Galla Chinensis can protect mice from infection by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O101

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Song ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Junzhi Li ◽  
Mengxue He ◽  
Yuanfeng Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Oral Solution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Secretory Diarrhea ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Etec Infection

Abstract Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is classically associated with acute secretory diarrhea, which induces 2 million people death in developing countries over a year, predominantly children in the first years of life. Previously, tannins (47.75%) were extracted from Galla Chinensis and prepared as Galla Chinensis oral solution (GOS) which showed significant antidiarrheal activity in a castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. Whether the tannins extract were also effective in treatment of ETEC-induced diarrhea was determined in this study. Methods Mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 22). The mice in the normal and untreated groups were given normal saline. Three GOS-treated groups were received different concentrations of GOS (5, 10 and 15%, respectively) at a dose of 10 mL/kg. Mice in the positive control group were fed with loperamide (10 mg/kg). The treatment with GOS started 3 days before infection with ETEC and continued for 4 consecutive days after infection. On day 3, mice were all infected with one dose of LD50 of ETEC, except those in the normal group. Survival of mice was observed daily and recorded throughout the study. On days 4 and 7, samples were collected from 6 mice in each group. Results GOS could increase the survival rate up to 75%, while in the untreated group it is 43.75%. The body weights of mice treated with 15% GOS were significantly increased on day 7 in comparison with the untreated group and the normal group. GOS-treatment recovered the small intestine coefficient enhanced by ETEC-infection. The diarrhea index of mice treated with GOS was significantly decreased. GOS increased the levels of IgG and sIgA in the terminal ileum and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) in serum. GOS could increase the amount of intestinal probiotics, Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. GOS could alleviate colon lesions induced by ETEC-infection. GOS showed higher potency than loperamide. Conclusions GOS could be a promising drug candidate for treating ETEC infections.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) total RNA against ETEC challenge in a mouse model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandi Liu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Yun Bai ◽  
Guomei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Etec Infection

AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), an essential cause of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets, leads to significant economic losses to the pig industry. The present study aims to identify the role of ETEC total RNA in eliciting immune responses to protect animals against ETEC infection. The results showed that the total RNA isolated from pig-derived ETEC K88ac strain effectively stimulated the IL-1β secretion of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The mouse model immunized with ETEC total RNA via intramuscular injection (IM) or oral route (OR) was used to evaluate the protective efficiency of the ETEC total RNA. The results suggested that 70 μg ETEC total RNA administered by either route significantly promoted the production of the serum IL-1β and K88ac specific immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA). Besides, the ETEC RNA administration augmented strong mucosal immunity by elevating K88ac specific IgA level in the intestinal fluid. Intramuscularly administered RNA induced a Th1/Th2 shift toward a Th2 response, while the orally administered RNA did not. The ETEC total RNA efficiently protected the animals against the ETEC challenge either by itself or as an adjuvant. The histology characterization of the small intestines also suggested the ETEC RNA administration protected the small intestinal structure against the ETEC infection. Particularly of note was that the immunity level and protective efficacy caused by ETEC RNA were dose-dependent. These findings will help understand the role of bacterial RNA in eliciting immune responses, and benefit the development of RNA-based vaccines or adjuvants.

Gastrointestinal ecology response of piglets’ diets containing non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysis products and egg yolk antibodies following an oral challenge with Escherichia coli (k88)

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kiarie ◽  
B A Slominski ◽  
D O Krause ◽  
C M Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Oral Challenge ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Egg Yolk Antibodies ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
K88 Fimbriae ◽  
Polysaccharide Hydrolysis

The gastrointestinal ecology (GE) of piglets fed diets containing non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysis products (HP) and egg yolk antibodies against K88 fimbriae (EYA) following oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC) was investigated. The HP were products of incubating feedstuffs with a blend of carbohydrase enzymes. Forty, 21-d-old pigs (two pigs/pen) were assigned to four diets to give five pens per diet. The diets were: a control fed without or with 5 g kg-1 of HP and EYA either singly or in combination forming a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Following a 9-d adaptation period, all pigs were orally challenged with ETEC and killed at 24 and 48 h post-challenge (one pig/pen on each occasion). Feeding HP increased pre-challenge average daily gain (252 vs. 207 g d-1; P = 0.01). An interaction (P < 0.10) between EYA and HP was observed such that when fed in combination they resulted in higher ileal digesta lactic acid and cecal DM contents and lower ileal digesta ammonia. The main effects (P < 0.05) were such that pigs fed EYA-diets had shorter intestinal crypt whilst pigs fed HP-diets showed low gastric pH and high ileal mucosal adherent lactobacilli counts. In conclusion, HP and EYA influenced indices of fermentative characteristics and intestinal morphology in the gastrointestinal ecology of piglets orally challenged with enterotoxigenic E. coli (k88).Key words: Egg yolk antibodies, ETEC, gastrointestinal ecology, non-starch polysaccharides hydrolysis products, piglet

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