scholarly journals Effects of a microencapsulated formula of organic acids and essential oils on nutrient absorption, immunity, gut barrier function, and abundance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 in weaned piglets challenged with E. coli F4

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janghan Choi ◽  
Lucy Wang ◽  
Shangxi Liu ◽  
Peng Lu ◽  
Xiaoya Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Abstract The objective was to study the effects of microencapsulated organic acids (OA) and essential oils (EO) on growth performance, immune system, gut barrier function, nutrient digestion and absorption, and abundance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 (ETEC F4) in the weaned piglets challenged with ETEC F4. Twenty-four ETEC F4 susceptible weaned piglets were randomly distributed to 4 treatments including (1) sham-challenged control (SSC; piglets fed a control diet and challenged with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)); (2) challenged control (CC; piglets fed a control diet and challenged with ETEC F4); (3) antibiotic growth promoters (AGP; CC + 55 mg·kg–1 of Aureomycin); and (4) microencapsulated OA and EO [P(OA+EO); (CC + 2 g·kg−1 of microencapsulated OA and EO]. The ETEC F4 infection significantly induced diarrhea at 8, 28, 34, and 40 hr postinoculation (hpi) (P < 0.05) in the CC piglets. At 28 d postinoculation (dpi), piglets fed P(OA+EO) had a lower (P < 0.05) diarrhea score compared with those fed CC, but the P(OA+EO) piglets had a lower (P < 0.05) diarrhea score compared with those fed the AGP diets at 40 dpi. The ETEC F4 infection tended to increase in vivo gut permeability measured by the oral gavaging fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 70 kDa (FITC-D70) assay in the CC piglets compared with the SCC piglets (P = 0.09). The AGP piglets had higher FITC-D70 flux than P(OA+EO) piglets (P < 0.05). The ETEC F4 infection decreased mid-jejunal VH in the CC piglets compared with the SCC piglets (P < 0.05). The P(OA+EO) piglets had higher (P < 0.05) VH in the mid-jejunum than the CC piglets. The relative mRNA abundance of Na+-glucose cotransporter and B0AT1 was reduced (P < 0.05) by ETEC F4 inoculation when compared with the SCC piglets. The AGP piglets had a greater relative mRNA abundance of B0AT1 than the CC piglets (P < 0.05). The ETEC F4 inoculation increased the protein abundance of OCLN (P < 0.05), and the AGP piglets had the lowest relative protein abundance of OCLN among the challenged groups (P < 0.05). The supplementation of microencapsulated OA and EO enhanced intestinal morphology and showed anti-diarrhea effects in weaned piglets challenged with ETEC F4. Even if more future studies can be required for further validation, this study brings evidence that microencapsulated OA and EO combination can be useful within the tools to be implemented in strategies for alternatives to antibiotics in swine production.

scholarly journals Lasso Peptide Microcin J25 Effectively Enhances Gut Barrier Function and Modulates Inflammatory Response in an Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Challenged Mouse Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuliang Ding ◽  
Haitao Yu ◽  
Shiyan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lasso Peptide ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Microcin J25 ◽  
Etec Infection

Bacterial resistance leads to severe public health and safety issues worldwide. Alternatives to antibiotics are currently needed. A promising lasso peptide, microcin J25 (MccJ25), is considered to be the best potential substitute for antibiotics to treat pathogen infection, including enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). This study evaluated the efficacy of MccJ25 in the prevention of ETEC infection. Forty-five female BALB/c mice of clean grade (aged seven weeks, approximately 16.15 g) were randomly divided into three experimental groups as follows: (i) control group (uninfected); (ii) ETEC infection group; (iii) MccJ25 + ETEC group. Fifteen mice per group in five cages, three mice/cage. MccJ25 conferred effective protection against ETEC-induced body weight loss, decrease in rectal temperature and increase in diarrhea scores in mice. Moreover, in ETEC-challenged mice model, MccJ25 significantly improved intestinal morphology, decreased intestinal histopathological scores and attenuated intestinal inflammation by decreasing proinflammatory cytokines and intestinal permeability, including reducing serum diamine oxidase and D-lactate levels. MccJ25 enhanced epithelial barrier function by increasing occludin expression in the colon and claudin-1 expression in the jejunum, ultimately improving intestinal health of host. MccJ25 was further found to alleviate gut inflammatory responses by decreasing inflammatory cytokine production and expression via the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor κB signaling pathways. Taken together, the results indicated that MccJ25 protects against ETEC-induced intestinal injury and intestinal inflammatory responses, suggesting the potential application of MccJ25 as an excellent antimicrobial or anti-inflammation agent against pathogen infections.

scholarly journals 137 Effects of micro-encapsulated formula of organic acids and essential oils on performance and gut integrity of weaned piglets challenged with ETEC K88

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 77-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yetong Xu ◽  
Ludovic Lahaye ◽  
Zhengxiao He ◽  
Jinxiao Zhang ◽  
Chengbo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Zonula Occludens ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Range Test

Abstract Control of post-weaning scours is a major concern in pig production. This study intended to evaluate the effects of a selected formula of micro-encapsulated organic acids and essential oils [P(OA+EO)] on performance and intestinal integrity of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC-K88). A three-wk cage study was conducted using 30 crossbred (Duroc×Landrace×Large-White) 28 days old weaned barrows with initial body weight of 7.41 kg individually housed in metabolic cages with six replications randomly assigned to one of the following five treatments: PC) non-challenged control; NC) ETEC-K88-challenged control; FA): NC + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin + 100 ppm olaquindox + 5 kg/t Free acids; P1): NC + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin + 100 ppm olaquindox + 1 kg/t P(OA+EO) (Jefo, Canada); and P2): NC + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin + 100 ppm olaquindox + 2 kg/t P(OA+EO). Pigs of groups NC, FA, P1 and P2 received an oral dose of 10 mL of ETEC-K88 culture (1×109 CFU/mL) at d 7. Data were subjected to statistical analyses (GLM procedure, SAS). Differences among treatments were separated using Student-Newman-Keul’s range test with a level of significance at P ≤ 0.05. Supplementation of FA and P(OA+EO) tended (P = 0.06) to improve ADG over NC in the two weeks after challenge (424, 486 and 529 g for FA, P1 and P2 respectively vs 390 g for NC). P1 significantly (P < 0.05) improved G:F over NC and FA. One week after challenge, P1 had significantly (P < 0.05) higher ileal occludin protein expression compared to NC, FA and P2. Ileal Zonula occludens-1 expression was decreased (P < 0.05) in NC, while there was no difference between PC and P1 (Table 1). In conclusion, the formula of [P(OA+EO)] could improve growth performance and intestinal integrity of weaned piglets facing E. coli challenge.

scholarly journals Ingestion of organic acids and cinnamaldehyde improves tissue homeostasis of piglets exposed to enterotoxic Escherichia coli (ETEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton J Jiménez ◽  
Roger Berrios ◽  
Sabine Stelzhammer ◽  
Miriam Hohmann ◽  
Waldiceu Verri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Organic acids (OA) and phytogenic compounds have been used in pig feeding as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. However, few studies have evaluated the systemic effect of the combination of these additives. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an organic acid-based feed additive (OAFA), containing a blend of OA and cinnamaldehyde, on the tissue integrity of bacterially challenged piglets. Thirty weaned piglets 21 d old were used in a 19-d trial. Pigs received a standard diet during the first 7 d and afterward were allotted to five treatments. Dietary treatments were: Control (basal diet), Escherichia coli (basal diet and challenge with E. coli), colistin (basal diet + 200 mg colistin/kg feed + challenge with E. coli), OAFA1 (basal diet + 1 kg OAFA/ton feed + challenge with E. coli), and OAFA2 (basal diet + 2 kg OAFA/ton feed + challenge with E. coli). Seven days after the beginning of the treatment, the animals were challenged with an enterotoxic strain of E. coli (K88) for pigs. Five days after the challenge, all animals were euthanized for tissue sampling for histological and oxidative stress (intestine and liver) analysis. The reduced glutathione (GSH), ferric-reducing ability potential (FRAP), and free-radical scavenging ability (ABTS) assays were used to evaluate the intestinal antioxidant defense. Lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion production were evaluated through the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay, respectively. Animals fed the OAFA (1 and 2) diets had a decrease (P &lt; 0.05) on histological changes in the intestine, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. Greater villus height (VH) and a higher ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD) were observed in animals of the OAFA2 group compared with the control and E. coli groups. The colistin and OAFA groups decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the number of inflammatory cells in intestinal lamina propria. OAFA2 group increased (P &lt; 0.05) intestinal cell proliferation. Colistin and OAFA2 supplementation induced a decrease (P &lt; 0.05) in the levels of TBARS in both the intestine and liver compared with the E. coli group. In addition, an increase (P &lt; 0.05) in GSH and FRAP ileal levels was observed in the OAFA2 group compared with E. coli group. These results show that the supplementation with OAFA in the diet of weaned piglets, especially at a dose of 2 kg/ton (OAFA2) protected tissues against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) damage.

scholarly journals Effects of Guava (Psidium Guajava L.) Leaf Extract on Growth Performance and Metabolomics in Weaned Piglets Challenged by Escherichia Coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingfa Wang ◽  
Luli Zhou ◽  
Hanlin Zhou ◽  
Guanyu Hou
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence

Abstract Background: The effects of dietary supplementation with guava leaf extracts (GE) on growth performance, diarrhea and intestinal barrier function, as well as associated with its modulation of serum and fecal metabolic changes in weaned piglets challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) were investigated.Method: Fifty weaned piglets (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace) from 5 pens (2 piglets per pen) were randomly divided into five groups: blank control group (BC), negative control group (NC), or those supplemented with 50 mg kg-1 (S50), 100 mg kg-1 (S100), or 200 (S200) mg kg-1 diet GE, respectively. On day 4, all piglets (except for BC) were orally challenged with about 1.0 × 109 colony-forming units (CFU) enterotoxigenic ETEC. After 28-day trial, growth performance, diarrhea incidence, intestinal barrier function and metabolomics of serum and fecal were investigated.Results: We demonstrated that dietary supplementation with GE (50-200 mg kg-1) reduced diarrhea incidence of piglets and increased expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1) (P < 0.05) and sodium hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary supplementation with GE (50-200 mg kg-1) upregulated level of tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) and reversed higher level of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) caused by ETEC in serum compared with NC group (P < 0.05), and enhanced antioxidant ability of piglets. In addition, dietary addition with GE (100 mg kg-1) reversed the lower level of L-pipecolic acid caused by ETEC in feces compared with NC group (P < 0.05), and decreased oxidative stress response of piglets. Further, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in the final weight, average daily feed intake (ADFI) and F/G among dietary groups during the overall period, and piglets in S50 group has the higher average daily gain (ADG). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with 50-200 mg kg-1 GE reduced diarrhea incidence of weaned piglets challenged by ETEC and exhibited positive effect on improving intestinal barrier function. Meanwhile, dietary addition with GE organized and redistributed energy resources through similar or dissimilar metabolic pathways, and finally enhanced antioxidant ability of piglets challenged by ETEC.

scholarly journals 94 Essential oils improve barrier function and attenuate inflammatory responses in porcine intestinal epithelial cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Qianru Hui ◽  
Faith Omonijo ◽  
Shangxi Liu ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Ludovic Lahaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Thymol has been known as a functional phytochemical isolated from thyme essential oils and possesses antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, an in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model using IPEC-J2 cell line was established to evaluate the inflammatory responses after thymol treatment. Cells were pre-treated with thymol for 1 h followed by LPS stimulation. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mRNA abundance of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, nutrient transporters, and tight junction proteins, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and cell permeability were measured. The localization of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and β-actin were also detected by immunofluorescent staining. The results showed that LPS stimulation increased IL-8 secretion, ROS production, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA abundance (P &lt; 0.05), but the mRNA abundance of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAC1) and H+/peptide cotransporter 1 (PepT1) were decreased (P &lt; 0.05). However, thymol blocked ROS production (P &lt; 0.05) and tended to decrease the production of LPS-induced IL-8 secretion (P = 0.0766). The mRNA abundance of IL-8 and TNF-α was reduced by thymol pre-treatment (P &lt; 0.05), but thymol was unable to improve the gene expression of nutrient transporters (P &gt; 0.05). TEER was reduced and cell permeability was increased after LPS stimulation (P &lt; 0.05), but these effects were attenuated by thymol pre-treatment (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, thymol boosted ZO-1 and β-actin staining in the cells, but the mRNA abundance of ZO-1 and occludin-3 was not affected by either LPS or thymol treatments. These results indicated that thymol can enhance gut barrier structure and functions by reducing ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in porcine epithelial cells during inflammation. The regulation of barrier function by thymol may be at post-transcriptional or post-translational levels.

Total parenteral nutrition adversely affects gut barrier function in neonatal piglets

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (6) ◽  
pp. G1162-G1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketan Kansagra ◽  
Barbara Stoll ◽  
Cheryl Rognerud ◽  
Harri Niinikoski ◽  
Ching-Nan Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Total Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Junction Protein

Sepsis is the most common morbidity in preterm infants, who often receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN). We hypothesized that gut barrier function is compromised in TPN-fed compared with enterally fed newborn piglets (ENT pigs). Colostrum-deprived newborn pigs were implanted with jugular venous and bladder catheters under general anesthesia. Pigs were either administered TPN ( n = 15) or fed formula (ENT pigs, n = 15). After 6 days, pigs were gavaged a solution of mannitol, lactulose, and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) and urine was collected for 24 h. At 7 days, small bowel samples were assayed for myeloperoxidase activity, morphometry, and tight junction protein abundance. Intestinal contents and peripheral organ sites were cultured for bacteria. Urinary recovery (%dose) of mannitol (53 vs. 68) was lower, whereas that of lactulose (2.93 vs. 0.18) and PEG 4000 (12.78 vs. 0.96) were higher in TPN vs. ENT pigs, respectively ( P < 0.05). Incidence of translocation was similar in TPN and ENT pigs. Myeloperoxidase activity was increased in TPN vs. ENT pigs in the jejunum ( P < 0.001) and was weakly correlated with lactulose ( R2 = 0.32) and PEG 4000 ( R2 = 0.38) recovery. Goblet cell counts did not change, but intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers decreased with TPN. Only claudin-1 protein abundance was increased in the TPN group. We conclude that TPN is associated with impairment of neonatal gut barrier function as measured by permeability but not translocation.

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