scholarly journals Retrograde Signaling: Understanding the Communication between Organelles

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Mielecki ◽  
Piotr Gawroński ◽  
Stanisław Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Retrograde Signaling ◽  
Organelle Biogenesis ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Cellular Sensors ◽  
Proper Balance ◽  
New Strategies

Understanding how cell organelles and compartments communicate with each other has always been an important field of knowledge widely explored by many researchers. However, despite years of investigations, one point—and perhaps the only point that many agree on—is that our knowledge about cellular-signaling pathways still requires expanding. Chloroplasts and mitochondria (because of their primary functions in energy conversion) are important cellular sensors of environmental fluctuations and feedback they provide back to the nucleus is important for acclimatory responses. Under stressful conditions, it is important to manage cellular resources more efficiently in order to maintain a proper balance between development, growth and stress responses. For example, it can be achieved through regulation of nuclear and organellar gene expression. If plants are unable to adapt to stressful conditions, they will be unable to efficiently produce energy for growth and development—and ultimately die. In this review, we show the importance of retrograde signaling in stress responses, including the induction of cell death and in organelle biogenesis. The complexity of these pathways demonstrates how challenging it is to expand the existing knowledge. However, understanding this sophisticated communication may be important to develop new strategies of how to improve adaptability of plants in rapidly changing environments.

Plant transporters: roles in stress responses and effects on growth and development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Ting Luo ◽  
Xiaojun Pu ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Jianing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of Poplar SQUAMOSA-Promoter-Binding Protein (SBP) Family under Salt Stress

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Qing Guo ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Wenjing Yao ◽  
Zihan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Gene Segment ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Squamosa Promoter Binding Protein

SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein (SBP) is a kind of plant-specific transcription factor, which plays a crucial role in stress responses and plant growth and development by activating and inhibiting the transcription of multiple target genes. In this study, a total of 30 SBP genes were identified from Populus trichocarpa genome and randomly distributed on 16 chromosomes in poplar. According to phylogenetic analysis, the PtSBPs can be divided into six categories, and 14 out of the genes belong to VI. Furthermore, the SBP genes in VI were proved to have a targeting relationship with miR156. The homeopathic element analysis showed that the promoters of poplar SBP genes mainly contain the elements involved in growth and development, abiotic stress and hormone response. In addition, there existed 10 gene segment duplication events in the SBP gene duplication analysis. Furthermore, there were four poplar and Arabidopsis orthologous gene pairs among the poplar SBP members. What is more, poplar SBP gene family has diverse gene expression pattern under salt stress. As many as nine SBP members were responding to high salt stress and six members possibly participated in growth development and abiotic stress. Yeast two-hybrid experiments indicated that PtSBPs can form heterodimers to interact in the transcriptional regulatory networks. The genome-wide analysis of poplar SBP family will contribute to function characterization of SBP genes in woody plants.

scholarly journals Functions of PPR Proteins in Plant Growth and Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11274
Author(s):  
Xiulan Li ◽  
Mengdi Sun ◽  
Shijuan Liu ◽  
Qian Teng ◽  
Shihui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rna Processing ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Plant Mitochondria ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Ppr Proteins

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins form a large protein family in land plants, with hundreds of different members in angiosperms. In the last decade, a number of studies have shown that PPR proteins are sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins involved in multiple aspects of plant organellar RNA processing, and perform numerous functions in plants throughout their life cycle. Recently, computational and structural studies have provided new insights into the working mechanisms of PPR proteins in RNA recognition and cytidine deamination. In this review, we summarized the research progress on the functions of PPR proteins in plant growth and development, with a particular focus on their effects on cytoplasmic male sterility, stress responses, and seed development. We also documented the molecular mechanisms of PPR proteins in mediating RNA processing in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts.

scholarly journals Plants expressing murine pro-apoptotic protein Bid do not have enhanced PCD

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Manara ◽  
Zahra Imanifard ◽  
Linda Fracasso ◽  
Diana Bellin ◽  
Massimo Crimi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Signaling Cascade ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Truncated Protein ◽  
Apoptotic Protein ◽  
Family Protein

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore whether plant programmed cell death (PCD) cascade can sense the presence of the animal-only BH3 protein Bid, a BCL-2 family protein known to play a regulatory role in the signaling cascade of animal apoptosis. Results We have expressed the mouse pro-apoptotic protein Bid in Arabidopsis thaliana and in Nicotiana tabacum. We did not obtain any transformed plant constitutively expressing the truncated protein (tBid—i.e. the caspase-activated form) whereas ectopic expression of the full-length protein (flBid) does not interfere with growth and development of the transformed plants. To verify whether the presence of this animal pro-apoptotic protein modified stress responses and PCD execution, both N. tabacum and A. thaliana plants constitutively expressing flBid have been studied under different stress conditions triggering cell death activation. The results show that the presence of flBid in transgenic plants did not significantly change the responses to abiotic stress (H2O2 or NO) and biotic stress treatments. Moreover, the finding that no Bid active form was present in treated tobacco plants suggests an absence of a proper activation of Bid.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide function during oxygen deprivation in physiological and stress processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Manrique-Gil ◽  
Inmaculada Sánchez-Vicente ◽  
Isabel Torres-Quezada ◽  
Oscar Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Proteolytic Pathway ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Plants are aerobic organisms that have evolved to maintain specific requirements for oxygen (O2), leading to a correct respiratory energy supply during growth and development. There are certain plant developmental cues and biotic or abiotic stress responses where O2 is scarce. This O2 deprivation known as hypoxia may occur in hypoxic niches of plant-specific tissues and during adverse environmental cues such as pathogen attack and flooding. In general, plants respond to hypoxia through a complex reprogramming of their molecular activities with the aim of reducing the impact of stress on their physiological and cellular homeostasis. This review focuses on the fine-tuned regulation of hypoxia triggered by a network of gaseous compounds that includes O2, ethylene, and nitric oxide. In view of recent scientific advances, we summarize the molecular mechanisms mediated by phytoglobins and by the N-degron proteolytic pathway, focusing on embryogenesis, seed imbibition, and germination, and also specific structures, most notably root apical and shoot apical meristems. In addition, those biotic and abiotic stresses that comprise hypoxia are also highlighted.

scholarly journals ANAC017 Coordinates Organellar Functions and Stress Responses by Reprogramming Retrograde Signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 634-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangxiang Meng ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Inge De Clercq ◽  
Reena Narsai ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Retrograde Signaling

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of the bZIP Transcription Factor Genes in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Pan ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Wenfang Hu ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Hanwei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Bzip Transcription Factor ◽  
Phyllostachys Edulis

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest gene families, and play crucial roles in many processes, including stress responses, hormone effects. The TF family also participates in plant growth and development. However, limited information is available for these genes in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), one of the most important non-timber forest products in the world. In the present study, 154 putative PhebZIP genes were identified in the moso bamboo genome. The phylogenetic analyses indicate that the PhebZIP gene proteins classify into 9 subfamilies and the gene structures and conserved motifs that analyses identified among all PhebZIP proteins suggested a high group-specificity. Microsynteny and evolutionary patterns analyses of the non-synonymous (Ka) and synonymous (Ks) substitution rates and their ratios indicated that paralogous pairs of PhebZIP genes in moso bamboo underwent a large-scale genome duplication event that occurred 7–15 million years ago (MYA). According to promoter sequence analysis, we further selected 18 genes which contain the higher number of cis-regulatory elements for expression analysis. The result showed that these genes are extensively involved in GA-, ABA- and MeJA-responses, with possibly different mechanisms. The tissue-specific expression profiles of PhebZIP genes in five plant tissues/organs/developmental stages suggested that these genes are involved in moso bamboo organ development, especially seed development. Subcellular localization and transactivation activity analysis showed that PhebZIP47 and PhebZIP126 were localized in the nucleus and PhebZIP47 with no transcriptional activation in yeast. Our research provides a comprehensive understanding of PhebZIP genes and may aid in the selection of appropriate candidate genes for further cloning and functional analysis in moso bamboo growth and development, and improve their resistance to stress during their life.

scholarly journals The integration of activity in saline environments: problems and perspectives

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Saline Environments ◽  
Lethal Shock ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Whole Transcriptome

The successful integration of activity in saline environments requires flexibility of responses at all levels, from genes to life cycles. Because plants are complex systems, there is no ‘best’ or ‘optimal’ solution and with respect to salt, glycophytes and halophytes are only the ends of a continuum of responses and possibilities. In this review, I briefly examine seven major aspects of plant function and their responses to salinity including transporters, secondary stresses, carbon acquisition and allocation, water and transpiration, growth and development, reproduction, and cytosolic function and ‘integrity’. I conclude that new approaches are needed to move towards understanding either organismal integration or ‘salt tolerance’, especially cessation of protocols dependent on sudden, often lethal, shock treatments and the embracing of systems level resources. Some of the tools needed to understand the integration of activity and even ‘salt stress’ are already in hand, such as those for whole-transcriptome analysis. Others, ranging from discovery studies of the nature of the cytosol to expanded tool kits for proteomic, metabolomic and epigenomic studies, still need to be further developed. After resurrecting the distinction between applied stress and the resultant strain and noting that with respect to salinity, the strain is manifest in changes at all -omic levels, I conclude that it should be possible to model and quantify stress responses.

scholarly journals Rice SUT and SWEET Transporters

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11198
Author(s):  
Zhi Hu ◽  
Zhenjia Tang ◽  
Yanming Zhang ◽  
Liping Niu ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Sugar Transporter ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Sugar Transporters ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms

Sugar transporters play important or even indispensable roles in sugar translocation among adjacent cells in the plant. They are mainly composed of sucrose–proton symporter SUT family members and SWEET family members. In rice, 5 and 21 members are identified in these transporter families, and some of their physiological functions have been characterized on the basis of gene knockout or knockdown strategies. Existing evidence shows that most SUT members play indispensable roles, while many SWEET members are seemingly not so critical in plant growth and development regarding whether their mutants display an aberrant phenotype or not. Generally, the expressions of SUT and SWEET genes focus on the leaf, stem, and grain that represent the source, transport, and sink organs where carbohydrate production, allocation, and storage take place. Rice SUT and SWEET also play roles in both biotic and abiotic stress responses in addition to plant growth and development. At present, these sugar transporter gene regulation mechanisms are largely unclear. In this review, we compare the expressional profiles of these sugar transporter genes on the basis of chip data and elaborate their research advances. Some suggestions concerning future investigation are also proposed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document