scholarly journals ANAC017 Coordinates Organellar Functions and Stress Responses by Reprogramming Retrograde Signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 634-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangxiang Meng ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Inge De Clercq ◽  
Reena Narsai ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Retrograde Signaling

scholarly journals Retrograde Signaling: Understanding the Communication between Organelles

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Mielecki ◽  
Piotr Gawroński ◽  
Stanisław Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Retrograde Signaling ◽  
Organelle Biogenesis ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Cellular Sensors ◽  
Proper Balance ◽  
New Strategies

Understanding how cell organelles and compartments communicate with each other has always been an important field of knowledge widely explored by many researchers. However, despite years of investigations, one point—and perhaps the only point that many agree on—is that our knowledge about cellular-signaling pathways still requires expanding. Chloroplasts and mitochondria (because of their primary functions in energy conversion) are important cellular sensors of environmental fluctuations and feedback they provide back to the nucleus is important for acclimatory responses. Under stressful conditions, it is important to manage cellular resources more efficiently in order to maintain a proper balance between development, growth and stress responses. For example, it can be achieved through regulation of nuclear and organellar gene expression. If plants are unable to adapt to stressful conditions, they will be unable to efficiently produce energy for growth and development—and ultimately die. In this review, we show the importance of retrograde signaling in stress responses, including the induction of cell death and in organelle biogenesis. The complexity of these pathways demonstrates how challenging it is to expand the existing knowledge. However, understanding this sophisticated communication may be important to develop new strategies of how to improve adaptability of plants in rapidly changing environments.

scholarly journals Retrograde signaling from autophagy modulates stress responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (468) ◽  
pp. eaag2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Uwe Simon ◽  
Robert Friis ◽  
Stephen W. G. Tait ◽  
Kevin M. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Retrograde Signaling

scholarly journals Dual-targeted transcription factors are required for optimal photosynthesis and stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Gawroński ◽  
Paweł Burdiak ◽  
Lars B. Scharff ◽  
Jakub Mielecki ◽  
Magdalena Zaborowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Retrograde Signaling ◽  
Nuclear Gene Expression ◽  
Chloroplast Translation

SummaryChloroplast to nucleus retrograde signaling is essential for cell function, acclimation to fluctuating environmental conditions, plant growth and development. The vast majority of chloroplast proteins are nuclear-encoded and must be imported into the organelle after synthesis in the cytoplasm. This import is essential for the development of fully functional chloroplasts. On the other hand, functional chloroplasts act as sensors of environmental changes and can trigger acclimatory responses that influence nuclear gene expression. Signaling via mobile transcription factors (TFs) has been recently recognized as a way of communication between organelles and the nucleus. In this study, we performed a targeted reverse genetic screen to identify novel dual-localized TFs involved in chloroplast retrograde signaling during stress responses. We found that CHLOROPLAST IMPORT APPARATUS 2 (CIA2), a TF with putative plastid transit peptide can be detected in chloroplasts and the nucleus. Further, we found that CIA2, along with its homolog CIA2-like (CIL) act in an unequally redundant manner and are involved in the regulation of Arabidopsis responses to UV-AB, high light, and heat shock. Finally, our results suggest that both CIA2 and CIL are crucial for chloroplast translation. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of signaling events in the chloroplast-nucleus cross-talk.SignificanceWe found that a transcription factor CIA2 can be located in chloroplasts and nucleus. CIA2 and is close homolog CIL are involved in protein translation and abiotic stress responses, and we suggest that they play an essential role in retrograde signaling between these organelles.

scholarly journals Role of the mitochondrial stress response in human cancer progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (10) ◽  
pp. 861-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Fan Wang ◽  
Shiuan Chen ◽  
Ling-Ming Tseng ◽  
Hsin-Chen Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Retrograde Signaling ◽  
Cancer Targeting ◽  
Mitochondrial Stress ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Protein Response ◽  
Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response

Mitochondria are important organelles that are responsible for cellular energy metabolism, cellular redox/calcium homeostasis, and cell death regulation in mammalian cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in various diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, immune disorders, and cancer. Defective mitochondria and metabolism remodeling are common characteristics in cancer cells. Several factors, such as mitochondrial DNA copy number changes, mitochondrial DNA mutations, mitochondrial enzyme defects, and mitochondrial dynamic changes, may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells. Some lines of evidence have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction may promote cancer progression. Here, several mitochondrial stress responses, including the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and the integrated stress response, and several mitochondrion-derived molecules (reactive oxygen species, calcium, oncometabolites, and others) are reviewed; these pathways and molecules are considered to act as retrograde signaling regulators in the development and progression of cancer. Targeting these components of the mitochondrial stress response may be an important strategy for cancer treatment. Impact statement Dysregulated mitochondria often occurred in cancers. Mitochondrial dysfunction might contribute to cancer progression. We reviewed several mitochondrial stresses in cancers. Mitochondrial stress responses might contribute to cancer progression. Several mitochondrion-derived molecules (ROS, Ca2+, oncometabolites, exported mtDNA, mitochondrial double-stranded RNA, humanin, and MOTS-c), integrated stress response, and mitochondrial unfolded protein response act as retrograde signaling pathways and might be critical in the development and progression of cancer. Targeting these mitochondrial stress responses may be an important strategy for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Translocation of chloroplast NPR1 to the nucleus in retrograde signaling for adaptive response to salt stress in tobacco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ky Young Park ◽  
So Yeon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
Retrograde Signaling ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Chloroplast Transit Peptide

Chloroplasts play a pivotal role in biotic and abiotic stress responses, accompanying changes in the cell reduction/oxidation (redox) state. Chloroplasts are an endosymbiotic organelle that sends retrograde signals to the nucleus to integrate with environmental changes. This study showed that salt stress causes the rapid accumulation of the nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) protein, a redox-sensitive transcription coactivator that elicits many tolerance responses in chloroplasts and the nucleus. The transiently accumulated chloroplast NPR1 protein was translocated to the nucleus in a redox-dependent manner under salinity stress. In addition, immunoblotting and fluorescence image analysis showed that chloroplast-targeted NPR1-GFP fused with cTP (chloroplast transit peptide from RbcS) was localized in the nucleus during the responses to salt stress. Chloroplast functionality was essential for retrograde translocation, in which the stomules and cytoplasmic vesicles participated. Treatments with H2O2 and an ethylene precursor enhanced this retrograde translocation. Compared to each wild-type plant, retrograde signaling-related gene expression was severely impaired in the npr1-1 mutant in Arabidopsis, but enhanced transiently in the NPR1-Ox transgenic tobacco line. Therefore, NPR1 might be a retrograde signaling hub that improves a plant's adaptability to changing environments.

scholarly journals GUN1-independent retrograde signaling targets the ethylene pathway to repress photomorphogenesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. M. Gommers ◽  
María Águila Ruiz-Sola ◽  
Alba Ayats ◽  
Lara Pereira ◽  
Marta Pujol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Retrograde Signaling ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Developmental Responses ◽  
Retrograde Signal ◽  
Nuclear Targets

AbstractWhen germinating in the light, Arabidopsis seedlings undergo photomorphogenic development, characterized by short hypocotyls, greening and expanded cotyledons. Stressed chloroplasts emit retrograde signals to the nucleus that induce developmental responses and repress photomorphogenesis. The nuclear targets of these retrograde signals are not yet fully known. Here, we show that lincomycin-treated seedlings (which lack developed chloroplasts) show strong phenotypic similarities to seedlings treated with ethylene (ET) precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), as both signals inhibit cotyledon separation in the light. We show that the lincomycin-induced phenotype partly requires a functioning ET signaling pathway, but could not detect increased ET emissions in response to lincomycin treatment. The two treatments show overlap in up-regulated gene transcripts, downstream of transcription factors ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) and EIN3-LIKE1 (EIL1). The induction of the ethylene signaling pathway is triggered by an unknown retrograde signal acting independently of GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 (GUN1). Our data show how two apparently different stress responses converge to optimize photomorphogenesis.One Sentence SummaryChloroplast retrograde signaling targets the ethylene-regulated gene network to repress photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis

Emotions and health: The impact of emotions, emotions regulation, music, and acculturation on health

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Bongard ◽  
Volker Hodapp ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Expression Behavior ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Our unit investigates the relationship of emotional processes (experience, expression, and coping), their physiological correlates and possible health outcomes. We study domain specific anger expression behavior and associated cardio-vascular loads and found e.g. that particularly an open anger expression at work is associated with greater blood pressure. Furthermore, we demonstrated that women may be predisposed for the development of certain mental disorders because of their higher disgust sensitivity. We also pointed out that the suppression of negative emotions leads to increased physiological stress responses which results in a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases. We could show that relaxation as well as music activity like singing in a choir causes increases in the local immune parameter immunoglobuline A. Finally, we are investigating connections between migrants’ strategy of acculturation and health and found e.g. elevated cardiovascular stress responses in migrants when they where highly adapted to the German culture.

Childbirth and Posttraumatic Stress Responses

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco Olde ◽  
Rolf J. Kleber ◽  
Onno van der Hart ◽  
Victor J.M. Pop
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
The Impact

Childbirth has been identified as a possible traumatic experience, leading to traumatic stress responses and even to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study investigated the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) in a group of women who recently gave birth (N = 435). In addition, a comparison was made between the original IES and the IES-R. The scale showed high internal consistency (α = 0.88). Using confirmatory factor analysis no support was found for a three-factor structure of an intrusion, an avoidance, and a hyperarousal factor. Goodness of fit was only reasonable, even after fitting one intrusion item on the hyperarousal scale. The IES-R correlated significantly with scores on depression and anxiety self-rating scales, as well as with scores on a self-rating scale of posttraumatic stress disorder. Although the IES-R can be used for studying posttraumatic stress reactions in women who recently gave birth, the original IES proved to be a better instrument compared to the IES-R. It is concluded that adding the hyperarousal scale to the IES-R did not make the scale stronger.

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