scholarly journals Distinct Chemical Changes in Abdominal but Not in Thoracic Aorta upon Atherosclerosis Studied Using Fiber Optic Raman Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Czamara ◽  
Zuzanna Majka ◽  
Magdalena Sternak ◽  
Mateusz Koziol ◽  
Renata B. Kostogrys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aorta Wall ◽  
Chemical Contents

Fiber optic Raman spectroscopy and Raman microscopy were used to investigate alterations in the aorta wall and the surrounding perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the murine model of atherosclerosis (Apoe-/-/Ldlr-/- mice). Both abdominal and thoracic parts of the aorta were studied to account for the heterogenic chemical composition of aorta and its localization-dependent response in progression of atherosclerosis. The average Raman spectra obtained for both parts of aorta cross sections revealed that the chemical composition of intima-media layers along aorta remains relatively homogeneous while the lipid content in the adventitia layer markedly increases with decreasing distance to PVAT. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the increase of the lipid to protein ratio in the aorta wall correlates directly with the increased unsaturation level of lipids in PVAT and these changes occur only in the abdominal, but not in thoracic, aorta. In summary, distinct pathophysiological response in the aortic vascular wall could be uncovered by fiber optic Raman spectroscopy based on simple parameters detecting chemical contents of lipids in PVAT.

scholarly journals Impaired function of aorta and perivascular adipose tissue in IL-18-deficient mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (5) ◽  
pp. H1142-H1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Li ◽  
Denan Jin ◽  
Shinji Takai ◽  
Tetsu Hayakawa ◽  
Jun Ogata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Cardiovascular Cells

IL-18 is ubiquitously produced by both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. The present study examined the thoracic aorta, including the surrounding perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), of IL-18KO mice from functional and histological perspectives. IL-18KO mice exhibited raised blood pressure compared with wild-type mice. Echocardiographic examination showed a thickened vascular wall and narrowed vascular diameter of the aorta. Examination by the Magnus test demonstrated dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs) in the IL-18KO thoracic aorta and impairment of the anticontractile function of IL-18KO PVAT. Histological examination showed no inflammatory lesions in the aorta but indicated progressive fibrosis in the vessel and conversion of PVAT from brown adipose tissue-like features to white adipose tissue-like features. Electron microscopic observation suggested several deformed mitochondria in the aorta and vacuole-like structures in ECs from IL-18KO mice. In addition, activity of complex IV was lower and production of reactive oxygen species was augmented in the mitochondria of IL-18KO aorta. Although expression of LC3 B was higher, rapamycin-induced autophagy flux was impaired in the IL-18KO PVAT. Moreover, Western blot analysis revealed that LAMP 1/2 was increased in IL-18KO PVAT, and measurement of cathepsin-D activity indicated decreased levels in IL-18KO PVAT. The IL-18KO thoracic aorta thus showed defects in physiological functions related to histological alterations, and the inflammasome/IL-18 system was suggested to play a protective role in cardiovascular cells, probably through quality control of mitochondria via promotion of autophagosome/autophagolysosome formation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY IL-18 deficiency caused aortic abnormalities in terms of morphology and functions in parallel with an accumulation of damaged mitochondria and anomalous turnover of protein complexes, such as PGC-1 and LAMP1 and -2 in PVAT. These findings suggested that IL-18 plays roles in maintaining the homeostasis of vessels and PVAT around the aorta, possibly by promoting autophagy.

Raman spectroscopy as a novel tool for fast characterization of the chemical composition of perivascular adipose tissue

The Analyst ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (24) ◽  
pp. 5999-6005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Czamara ◽  
Zuzanna Majka ◽  
Aleksandra Fus ◽  
Kamila Matjasik ◽  
Marta Z. Pacia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
New Targets ◽  
Lipid Unsaturation ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

One of the new targets of untapped therapeutic potential is perivascular adipose tissue (pVAT). Based on Raman spectroscopy we demonstrated that the lipid unsaturation degree was clearly distinct in various types of adipose tissues, in particular thoracic and abdominal pVATs, and was influenced by the age of animals.

A new approach to study human perivascular adipose tissue of the internal mammary artery by fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy supported by spectral modelling

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-276
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Majka ◽  
Krzysztof Czamara ◽  
Piotr Wegrzyn ◽  
Radoslaw Litwinowicz ◽  
Joanna Janus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Internal Mammary Artery ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Internal Mammary ◽  
Lipid Unsaturation

A Raman-based assessment of carotenoid content and lipid unsaturation degree in the perivascular adipose tissue may reflect its functional status in patients with advanced coronary atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Material characterisation of a painted beehive panel by advanced spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques in combination with hyperspectral imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Retko ◽  
Maša Kavčič ◽  
Lea Legan ◽  
Polonca Ropret ◽  
Bojana Rogelj Škafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Conservation Interventions

AbstractIn this study, a painted beehive panel from the collection of the Slovene Ethnographic Museum was examined with respect to its material composition with the aim to reveal the painting technique. Due to the state of degradation due to outdoor weathering (UV irradiation, rainfall, extreme temperature and humidity fluctuations), as well as past conservation interventions, the object represented a complex analytical challenge. We aimed for non-invasive techniques (FTIR in reflection mode, Raman spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging in the range of 400–2500 nm); however, in order to explore paint layers, cross-sections were also analysed using Raman spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy in transmission mode and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were also used on sample fragments. Various original materials were identified such as pigments and binders. The surface coating applied during conservation interventions was also characterised. Additionally, organic compounds were found (oxalate, carboxylate), representing transformation products. The potential use of Prussian blue as a background paint layer is discussed.

scholarly journals Differential Deleterious Impact of Highly Saturated Versus Monounsaturated Fat Intake on Vascular Function, Structure, and Mechanics in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Elena Vega-Martín ◽  
Marta Gil-Ortega ◽  
Raquel González-Blázquez ◽  
Sara Benedito ◽  
Jesús Fernández-Felipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
The Impact

Vegetable oils such as palm oil (enriched in saturated fatty acids, SFA) and high-oleic-acid sunflower oil (HOSO, containing mainly monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA) have emerged as the most common replacements for trans-fats in the food industry. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of SFA and MUFA-enriched high-fat (HF) diets on endothelial function, vascular remodeling, and arterial stiffness compared to commercial HF diets. Five-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed a standard (SD), a HF diet enriched with SFA (saturated oil-enriched Food, SOLF), a HF diet enriched with MUFA (unsaturated oil-enriched Food, UOLF), or a commercial HF diet for 8 weeks. Vascular function was analyzed in the thoracic aorta. Structural and mechanical parameters were assessed in mesenteric arteries by pressure myography. SOLF, UOLF, and HF diet reduced contractile responses to phenylephrine and induced endothelial dysfunction in the thoracic aorta. A significant increase in the β-index, and thus in arterial stiffness, was also detected in mesenteric arteries from the three HF groups, due to enhanced deposition of collagen in the vascular wall. SOLF also induced hypotrophic inward remodeling. In conclusion, these data demonstrate a deleterious effect of HF feeding on obesity-related vascular alterations that is exacerbated by SFA.

scholarly journals Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Derived Adiponectin in Vascular Homeostasis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1485
Author(s):  
Adrian Sowka ◽  
Pawel Dobrzyn
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Studies of adipose tissue biology have demonstrated that adipose tissue should be considered as both passive, energy-storing tissue and an endocrine organ because of the secretion of adipose-specific factors, called adipokines. Adiponectin is a well-described homeostatic adipokine with metabolic properties. It regulates whole-body energy status through the induction of fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. Adiponectin also has anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties, making it an interesting subject of biomedical studies. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a fat depot that is conterminous to the vascular wall and acts on it in a paracrine manner through adipokine secretion. PVAT-derived adiponectin can act on the vascular wall through endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The present review describes adiponectin’s structure, receptors, and main signaling pathways. We further discuss recent studies of the extent and nature of crosstalk between PVAT-derived adiponectin and endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, we argue whether adiponectin and its receptors may be considered putative therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Real-time In vivo Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Using Rapid Fiber-Optic Raman Spectroscopy

Theranostics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 3517-3526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan Lin ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Chwee Ming Lim ◽  
Zhiwei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
In Vivo Diagnosis

Corrosion Analysis of a Fiber-Optic Transceiver Housing

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Lau ◽  
C. L. Jiaa ◽  
S. J. Erasmus
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Zinc Alloy

Abstract The corrosion responses of a fiber-optic transceiver’s housing with zinc alloy die casting material are investigated in this study. Emphasis is placed on the determination of the weight change and corrosion rate of the housing when it is subjected to a 85% relative humidity and 85°C temperature (85%RH/85°C) test condition. Also, the average light optical power, receiver sensitivity, extinction ratio, and mask margin of transceiver modules subjected to 85%RH/85°C and 3.47V at 500, 1000, 1500, and 1600 hours are provided. Furthermore, metallography is performed on the surfaces and cross sections of the housing. Finally, measurements are made of the thickness of the oxide layer on the surfaces of the fiber-optic transceiver housing.

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