scholarly journals Origins of Alterations to Rankl Null Mutant Mouse Dental Root Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2201
Author(s):  
Andrea Gama ◽  
Jorge William Vargas-Franco ◽  
Diana Carolina Sánchez Mesa ◽  
Elizabeth Restrepo Bedoya ◽  
Jérome Amiaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Bone Cell Differentiation ◽  
Proliferating Cell

The purpose of the present study was to assess the early stages of development of mouse first molar roots in the osteopetrotic context of RANKL invalidation in order to demonstrate that the radicular phenotype observed resulted not only from defective osteoclasts, but also from loss of cell-to-cell communication among dental, periodontium and alveolar bone cells involving RANKL signaling. Two experimental models were used in this study: Rankl mutants with permanent RANKL invalidation, and C57BL/6J mice injected during the first postnatal week with a RANKL neutralizing antibody corresponding to a transient RANKL invalidation. The dento-alveolar complex was systematically analyzed using micro-CT, and histological and immunohistochemical approaches. These experiments showed that the root elongation alterations observed in the Rankl-/- mice were associated with reduced proliferation of the RANK-expressing HERS cells with a significant decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and a significant increase in P21 expression. The phenotypic comparison of the adult first molar root at 35 days between permanent and transitory invalidations of RANKL made it possible to demonstrate that alterations in dental root development have at least two origins, one intrinsic and linked to proliferation/differentiation perturbations in dental-root-forming cells, the other extrinsic and corresponding to disturbances of bone cell differentiation/function.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Bacterial Cellulose as a Carrier of BMP-2 for Bone Regeneration in a Rabbit Frontal Sinus Model

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Koike ◽  
Jingjing Sha ◽  
Yunpeng Bai ◽  
Yuhei Matsuda ◽  
Katsumi Hideshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Bone Augmentation ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Maxillary Molar ◽  
Proliferating Cell

If the alveolar bone height of patients requiring dental implants in the maxillary molar region is inadequate, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory outcomes using existing bone graft materials. We previously reported the possible utility of bacterial cellulose (BC) as a new dental treatment material. BC has a high absorptive capacity, good mechanical strength, and good volume retention. BC loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) might allow effective alveolar bone augmentation. We created critical frontal bone defect models in 12 male Japanese white rabbits and divided them into four groups: sham; BC (BC grafting only); BMP-2 (treated with BMP-2 solution only); and BC+BMP-2 (grafted with BC loaded with BMP-2). Newly formed bone volume was calculated via hematoxylin-eosin staining evaluation. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen and osteocalcin levels were determined by the immunohistochemical staining analysis. All measured indices of the BC+BMP-2 group were significantly superior to those of the other groups (all p < 0.05). BC maintained the graft space and released BMP-2 in a sustained manner, promoting optimal bone formation. The BC+BMP-2 combination enhanced bone regeneration and shows promise as a useful means of clinical pre-dental implant bone augmentation in the maxillary sinus.

scholarly journals Bone Remodeling: Histone Modifications as Fate Determinants of Bone Cell Differentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Ju Yi ◽  
Hyerim Lee ◽  
Jisu Lee ◽  
Kyubin Lee ◽  
Junil Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Chromatin Dynamics ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Bone Cell Differentiation ◽  
Fate Determinants ◽  
The Impact

The bone tissue is a dynamic complex that constitutes of several interdependent systems and is continuously remodeled through the concerted actions of bone cells. Osteoblasts are mononucleated cells, derived from mesenchymal stem cells, responsible for bone formation. Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that differentiate from hematopoietic progenitors of the myeloid lineage and are responsible for bone resorption. The lineage-specific differentiation of bone cells requires an epigenetic regulation of gene expressions involving chromatin dynamics. The key step for understanding gene regulatory networks during bone cell development lies in characterizing the chromatin modifying enzymes responsible for reorganizing and potentiating particular chromatin structure. This review covers the histone-modifying enzymes involved in bone development, discusses the impact of enzymes on gene expression, and provides future directions and clinical significance in this area.

Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in human pulp cells of teeth with complete and incomplete root development

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 686-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Caviedes-Bucheli ◽  
P. Canales-Sánchez ◽  
N. Castrillón-Sarria ◽  
J. Jovel-Garcia ◽  
J. Alvarez-Vásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Pulp Cells ◽  
Proliferating Cell

scholarly journals Localization of osteopontin and osterix in periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Youn Kim ◽  
Byung-In Kim ◽  
Seong-Suk Jue ◽  
Jae Hyun Park ◽  
Je-Won Shin
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Remodeling

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the localization of osteopontin (OPN) and osterix in periodontal tissue during experimental tooth movement with heavy force in rats. Materials and Methods: Nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were used to create a 100 g mesial force to the maxillary first molars. On days 3, 7, 10, and 14 after force application, histological changes in periodontium were examined by immunohistochemistry using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), OPN, and osterix. Results: PCNA-positive cells were found close to the alveolar bone and cementum on both sides. OPN-positive cells were observed along the cementing line of the cementum and bone on both sides and also were visible along with newly formed fibers in the periodontal ligament on the tension side. Osterix-positive cells were strongly detected on the surface of the alveolar bone and cementum on both sides. Conclusions: During tooth movement, periodontal remodeling occurs on both sides. These results indicate that OPN and osterix may play an important role of differentiation and osteoblasts and cementoblasts matrix formation during periodontal tissue remodeling.

Raman Spectroscopy: Potential Tool for In-Situ Characterization of Bone Cell Differentiation

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Notingher ◽  
G. Jell ◽  
P.L. Notingher ◽  
I. Bisson ◽  
Julia M. Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
Bone Cell Differentiation

The Classical Least Square (CLS) fitting method was used to analyze the Raman spectra of living cells with the aim of identification of new phenotype-specific spectral markers for osteoblasts. The following chemicals were used for the CLS model: DNA, RNA, serum albumin, chymotrypsin and phosphatidyl choline. In this study we analyzed primary mature osteoblasts as well as two other cell types used as potential sources of osteoblasts: embryonic stem cells and fetal bone cells. The results obtained suggest that the Raman spectra of the cell types can be well approximated with a linear combination of the Raman spectra of the biopolymers used in the CLS model. The relative concentrations of the CLS components varied significantly between cell types, indicating that this analytical method could be used for phenotypic identification of osteoblasts.

scholarly journals Molecular Basis of Bone Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addolorata Corrado ◽  
Daniela Cici ◽  
Cinzia Rotondo ◽  
Nicola Maruotti ◽  
Francesco Paolo Cantatore
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Bone Cell Differentiation ◽  
Bone Changes

A decline in bone mass leading to an increased fracture risk is a common feature of age-related bone changes. The mechanisms underlying bone senescence are very complex and implicate systemic and local factors and are the result of the combination of several changes occurring at the cellular, tissue and structural levels; they include alterations of bone cell differentiation and activity, oxidative stress, genetic damage and the altered responses of bone cells to various biological signals and to mechanical loading. The molecular mechanisms responsible for these changes remain greatly unclear and many data derived from in vitro or animal studies appear to be conflicting and heterogeneous, probably due to the different experimental approaches; nevertheless, understanding the main physio-pathological processes that cause bone senescence is essential for the development of new potential therapeutic options for treating age-related bone loss. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of age-related bone changes.

Bone Invasive Properties of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and its Interactions with Alveolar Bone Cells: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 631-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omel Baneen Qallandar ◽  
Faeza Ebrahimi ◽  
Farhadul Islam ◽  
Riajul Wahab ◽  
Bin Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Invasion ◽  
Alveolar Bone Cells

Background: Co-culture of cancer cells with alveolar bone cells could modulate bone invasion and destructions. However, the mechanisms of interaction between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and bone cells remain unclear. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyse the direct and indirect effects of OSCC cells in the stimulation of osteolytic activity and bone invasion. Methods: Direct co-culture was achieved by culturing OSCC (TCA8113) with a primary alveolar bone cell line. In the indirect co-culture, the supernatant of TCA8113 cells was collected to culture the alveolar bone cells. To assess the bone invasion properties, in vitro assays were performed. Results: The proliferation of co-cultured cancer cells was significantly (p<0.05) higher in comparison to the monolayer control cells. However, the proliferation rates were not significantly different between direct and indirect co-cultured cells with indirect co-cultured cells proliferated slightly more than the direct co-cultured cells. Invasion and migration capacities of co-cultured OSCC and alveolar bone cells enhanced significantly (p<0.05) when compared to that of control monolayer counterparts. Most importantly, we noted that OSCC cells directly co-cultured with alveolar bone cells stimulated pronounced bone collagen destruction. In addition, stem cells and epithelialmesenchymal transition markers have shown significant changes in their expression in co-cultured cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this study highlight the importance of the interaction of alveolar bone cells and OSCC cells in co-culture setting in the pathogenesis of bone invasion. This may help in the development of potential future biotherapies for bone invasion in OSCC.

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