scholarly journals Current and New Predictors for Treatment Response in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. The Role of Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Gherman ◽  
Loredana Balacescu ◽  
Sinziana Gheorghe-Cetean ◽  
Catalin Vlad ◽  
Ovidiu Balacescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Systemic Treatments ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Comprehensive Search

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world. More than half of all CRC patients will eventually develop metastases and require treatment accordingly, but few validated predictive factors for response to systemic treatments exist. In order to ascertain which patients benefit from specific treatments, there is a strong need for new and reliable biomarkers. We conducted a comprehensive search using the PUBMED database, up to December 2019, in order to identify relevant studies on predictive biomarkers for treatment response in metastatic CRC. We will herein present the currently used and potential biomarkers for treatment response and bring up-to-date knowledge on the role of circulating microRNAs, associated with chemotherapy and targeted therapy regimens used in metastatic CRC treatment. Molecular, tumor-related, disease-related, clinical, and laboratory predictive markers for treatment response were identified, mostly proposed, with few validated. Several circulating microRNAs have already proven their role of prediction for treatment response in CRC, but future clinical studies are needed to confirm their role as biomarkers across large cohorts of patients.

scholarly journals Clinical potential role of circulating microRNAs in early diagnosis of colorectal cancer patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2723-2730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulong Du ◽  
Sang Liu ◽  
Dongying Gu ◽  
Qiaoyan Wang ◽  
Lingjun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Potential

scholarly journals Current Treatments of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors—2020 Update

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3520
Author(s):  
Gerhard Jung ◽  
Daniel Benítez-Ribas ◽  
Ariadna Sánchez ◽  
Francesc Balaguer
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Systemic Treatments

During the last 20 years, chemotherapy has improved survival rates of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the majority of metastatic cases do not respond to or progress after first line conventional chemotherapy and contribute to the fatalities of patients with CRC. Insights into the immune contexture of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have enabled the development of new systemic treatments that boost the host immune system against the tumor—the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). These promising drugs have already shown astonishing efficacies in other cancer types and have raised new hope for the treatment of metastatic CRC (mCRC). In this review, we will summarize the results of the clinical trials that led to their accelerated approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017, as well as all relevant recent studies conducted since then—some of which are not published yet. We will focus on therapeutic efficacy, but also discuss the available data for drug safety and security, changes in quality of life indicators and predictive biomarkers for treatment response. The burgeoning evidence for a potential use of ICIs in other settings than mCRC will also be mentioned. For each trial, we have made a preliminary assessment of the quality of clinical trial design and of the “European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) magnitude of clinical benefit” (ESMO-MCBS) in order to provide the first evidence-based recommendation to the reader.

scholarly journals Are All Anti-Angiogenic Drugs the Same in the Treatment of Second-Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer? Expert Opinion on Clinical Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Lai ◽  
Stefano Cascinu ◽  
Mario Scartozzi
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Targeting tumor-driven angiogenesis is an effective strategy in the management of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC); however, the choice of second-line therapy is complicated by the availability of several drugs, the occurrence of resistance and the lack of validated prognostic and predictive biomarkers. This review examines the use of angiogenesis-targeted therapies for the second-line management of mCRC patients. Mechanisms of resistance and anti-placental growth factor agents are discussed, and the role of aflibercept, a recombinant fusion protein consisting of portions of human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 and VEGFR-2, is highlighted. The novel mechanism of action of aflibercept makes it a useful second-line agent in mCRC patients progressing after oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, as well as in those with resistance after bevacizumab.

MicroRNAs for Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Mei ◽  
Yugang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Disease Free

: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates. The diagnosis and treatment of CRC have the most significant value for disease-free survival. Early diagnosis and early surgical resection are generally considered to be the most effective ways to reduce CRC mortality. In the past few years, many researchers have focused on the role of microRNAs in different tumors, making the functions of microRNAs gradually clear. The present study reviews the role of microRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Compared with the usual diagnosis methods and biomarker, circulating microRNAs can be promising new effective biomarkers for CRCdiagnosis and treatment.

Synergistic role of Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 expressions: Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in colorectal cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yao ◽  
Weimin Wang ◽  
Jun Jin ◽  
Ke Min ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Caspase 8

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Checkpoint Inhibition in Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hermel ◽  
Darren Sigal
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Inhibitor Therapy ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agents ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy ◽  
Microsatellite Stability

Checkpoint inhibitor therapy has introduced a revolution in contemporary anticancer therapy. It has led to dramatic improvements in patient outcomes and has spawned tremendous research into novel immunomodulatory agents and combination therapy that has changed the trajectory of cancer care. However, clinical benefit in patients with colorectal cancer has been generally limited to tumors with loss of mismatch repair function and those with specific germline mutations in the DNA polymerase gene. Unfortunately, tumors with these specific mutator phenotypes are in the minority. Recent pre-clinical and clinical studies have begun to reveal encouraging results suggesting that checkpoint inhibitor therapy can be expanded to an increasing number of colorectal tumors with microsatellite stability and the absence of traditional predictive biomarkers of checkpoint inhibitor response. These studies generally rely on combinations of checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, radiation therapy, or other novel immunomodulatory agents. This article will review the most current data in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Clinical Baseline Characteristics as Predictive Biomarkers of Response to Anti-VEGF Treatment in Patients with Neovascular AMD

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris ◽  
Maria I. López-Gálvez ◽  
Roberto Gallego-Pinazo ◽  
Philippe Margaron ◽  
George N. Lambrou
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Purpose. To review the current literature investigating patient response to antivascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) therapy in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and to identify baseline characteristics that might predict response.Method. A literature search of the PubMed database was performed, using the keywords: AMD, anti-VEGF, biomarker, optical coherence tomography, treatment outcome, and predictor. The search was limited to articles published from 2006 to date. Exclusion criteria included phase 1 trials, case reports, studies focusing on indications other than nAMD, and oncology.Results. A total of 1467 articles were identified, of which 845 were excluded. Of the 622 remaining references, 47 met all the search criteria and were included in this review.Conclusion. Several baseline characteristics correlated with anti-VEGF treatment response, including best-corrected visual acuity, age, lesion size, and retinal thickness. The majority of factors were associated with disease duration, suggesting that longer disease duration before treatment results in worse treatment outcomes. This highlights the need for early treatment for patients with nAMD to gain optimal treatment outcomes. Many of the identified baseline characteristics are interconnected and cannot be evaluated in isolation; therefore multivariate analyses will be required to determine any specific relationship with treatment response.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Atrial Fibrillation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananília Medeiros Gomes da Silva ◽  
Jéssica Nayara Góes de Araújo ◽  
Renata Caroline Costa de Freitas ◽  
Vivian Nogueira Silbiger
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Supraventricular Arrhythmia ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common supraventricular arrhythmia in the population. MicroRNAs (small endogenous noncoding RNAs) are attractive candidates as biomarkers for AF, especially considering that miRNAs are stable and are detected within easily accessible biofluids such as blood. In this review, we selected twelve studies (2012 to 2016) that were classified according to the sample type. We aimed to provide an overview of the role of circulating miRNAs in AF and to discuss the variability of the results, seeking to improve the perspective of the use of miRNAs as potential noninvasive biomarkers for this heart disease.

Practical and Molecular Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer: New Roles for the Pathologist in the Era of Targeted Therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert De Hertogh ◽  
Karen Paula Geboes
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Total Mesorectal Excision ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Mesorectal Excision ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Pubmed Database

Abstract Context.—Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Patient cases are discussed in multidisciplinary meetings to decide on the best management on an individual basis. Until recently, the main task of the pathologist in such teams was to provide clinically useful reports comprising staging of colorectal cancer in surgical specimens. The advent of total mesorectal excision and the application of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–targeted therapies for selected patients with metastasized colorectal cancer have changed the role of the pathologist. Objectives.—To present the traditional role of the pathologist in the multidisciplinary team treating patients with colorectal cancer, to address the technique of total mesorectal excision and its implications for the evaluation of surgical specimens, to offer background information on the various EGFR-targeted therapies, and to review the currently investigated tissue biomarkers assumed to be predictive for efficacy of such therapies, with a focus on the role of the pathologist in determining the status of such biomarkers in individual tumors. Data Sources.—This article is based on selected articles pertaining to biopsy evaluation of colorectal carcinoma and reviews of EGFR-targeted therapies for this cancer. All references are accessible via the PubMed database (US National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health). Conclusions.—Pathologists play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer because of the advent of new surgical techniques and of targeted therapies. It is expected that this role will increase further in the near future.

scholarly journals Effects of Antidepressant Treatment on Neurotrophic Factors (BDNF and IGF-1) in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3377
Author(s):  
Anna Mosiołek ◽  
Jadwiga Mosiołek ◽  
Sławomir Jakima ◽  
Aleksandra Pięta ◽  
Agata Szulc
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Pubmed Database

Major depressive disorder (MDD) remains the subject of ongoing research as a multifactorial disease and a serious public health problem. There is a growing body of literature focusing on the role of neurotrophic factors in pathophysiology of MDD. A neurotrophic hypothesis of depression proposes that abnormalities of neurotrophins serum levels lead to neuronal atrophy and decreased neurogenesis, resulting in mood disorders. Consequently, in accordance with recent findings, antidepressant treatment modifies the serum levels of neurotrophins and thus leads to a clinical improvement of MDD. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available data on the effects of various antidepressants on serum levels of neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). In addition, the authors discuss their role as prognostic factors for treatment response in MDD. A literature search was performed using the PubMed database. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine original articles and three meta-analyses were selected. The vast majority of studies have confirmed the effect of antidepressants on BDNF levels. Research on IGF-1 is limited and insufficient to describe the correlation between different antidepressant drugs and factor serum levels; however, four studies indicated a decrease in IGF-1 after treatment. Preliminary data suggest BDNF as a promising predictor of treatment response in MDD patients. The role of IGF-1 needs further investigation.

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